美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E08

Part 3 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

玛丽.切斯纳特
Mary Chesnut.
《解放的气息》
“我名叫查尔斯.杰斯。
"My name is Charles Jess.
“我作为一个奴隶生于南卡罗莱纳，
"I was born in South Carolina as a slave,
“我被解放是在
"and I was freed
“谢尔曼的军队进入查塔姆县的时候。”
"when Sherman's army came into the county of Chatham."
“我是一名联邦士兵。
"I was a Union man.
“我是个如假包换的奴隶，
"I was a slave and could not be anything else
“因为我想要我的自♥由♥，
"because I wanted my freedom,
“我期盼着能给我自♥由♥，
"and I hoped and expected it would give me my freedom,
如今美梦成真。”
as it did."
“黑奴们跟随军队，
"The negroes followed the army
“犹如雷雨前乌云在天空聚集。
"like a sable cloud in the sky before a thunderstorm.
他们认为，要么现在自♥由♥，要么永远不会。”
They thought it was freedom now or never."
2万5千名奴隶逃到谢尔曼的军队里，
他很开心的逐个解放他们，
25,000 slaves fled to Sherman's army, jubilant he had come to liberate them,
但奴隶们担心如果离队太远，
but fearful that if they strayed too far from his columns,
会被南军游击队抓住。
they would be caught by Confederate guerrillas.
一位种植园主说，“完全的无政♥府♥状态。”
"Perfect anarchy reigned," one plantation owner said.
另一个说，这是“解放的气息”。
It was, said another, "the breath of emancipation."
北方佬会来，
And the Yankees would come,
过一会儿，会有大队人马过来。
and after a while, there would be a whole troop of men come.
他们都骑着马，说自己是北方佬。
they said they were Yankees, all riding horses.
于是我问，“他们都去哪儿？”
so I asked them, I said, "Where are they going?"
他们说，他们都正在回家。
they said they all going home now.
他们说，“好吧，现在你们所有黑奴都自♥由♥了。”
They said, "Well, all of you niggers is all free now."
“他们成群聚集在我周围，我不知自己是摩西还是亚伦，
（《圣经》率领以色列人出埃及的两个首领）
"They gather around me in crowds, and I can't find out whether I am Moses or Aaron,
但可以确信的是，我被看作这个团体的一员。”
but surely I am rated as one of the Congregation."
“北方善良的人们似乎对我们忧心忡忡。
"It seems the good people in the North are terribly worried about us.
“他们把我们称为迷失的军队，
有些人认为我们再也不会走上战场了。
"They called us the lost army, and some thought we would never show up again.
“我想他们对比利大叔的这支军队并不了解。
（比利大叔是北军士兵对谢尔曼的爱称）
"I don't think they know what kind of an army this is that Uncle Billy has.
“因为，如果格兰特能让李将军和部下忙个不停，
"why, if Grant can keep Lee and his troops busy,
我们就能在这个邦联里到处游荡了。”
we can tramp all over this Confederacy."
列兵西奥多.厄普森
Private Theodore Upson.
北方各地的人们都想知道谢尔曼的军队到底怎么了，
Throughout the North, people wondered what had happened to Sherman's army,
直到谢尔曼突然从萨凡纳附近冒了出来。
Until suddenly, William Tecumseh Sherman emerged near Savannah.
“186♥4♥年12月25日，
"December 25, 186♥4♥.
“亲爱的总统先生，
"Dear Mr. President,
“我请求将萨凡纳城作为圣诞礼物送给你，
"I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah,
“以及150门重炮和大量弹♥药♥，
"with 150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition,
还有约2万5千包棉花。”
also about 25,000 bales of cotton."
接下来他在萨凡纳重新整编，
He then regroups at Savannah,
在1月最后一个星期，
and in the last week of January,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
在1月最后一个星期，
and in the last week of January,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他进入了南卡罗莱纳。
he starts into South Carolina.
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
南卡罗莱纳做的比乔治亚州还要糟糕，
South Carolina gets it even worse than Georgia
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
南卡罗莱纳做的比乔治亚州还要糟糕，
South Carolina gets it even worse than Georgia
因为他们开始盘算着脱离邦联。
because they figured that's where secession started.
谢尔曼现在让他的队伍向北挺进卡罗莱纳。
Sherman now turned his columns northward into the Carolinas.
一场无情的冬雨正在落下，
A relentless winter rain was falling,
南军将领们相信没有哪支军队能在泥泞中行军，
and Confederate generals were confident no army could march through the mud,
但谢尔曼和他的部队每天恒定的走10英里。
but Sherman and his men made a steady 10 miles a day.
樵夫营的人领路，
Battalions of Axmen led the way,
砍倒整片森林，在泥地上建造木板路。
hacking down whole forests to construct corduroy roads.
“当我得知谢尔曼的军队穿越了索克亥奇沼泽，
"When I learned that Sherman's army was marching through the Salkehatchie swamps
“以每天10余英里的速度开路前进，
"making its own road at the rate of a dozen miles a day
“并携带大炮和马车等辎重，
"and bringing its artillery and wagons with it,
“我断定，自尤利乌斯.恺撒时代以来，
"I made up my mind that there had been no such army in existence
这样的军队世所仅见。”
since the days of Julius Caesar."
约瑟夫.E.姜斯顿
Joseph E. Johnston.
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
谢尔曼的人在南卡罗莱纳比在乔治亚还要残酷无情。
Sherman's men were still harsher in South Carolina than they had been in Georgia.
一个列兵说，“这里是叛国罪开始的地方，
"Here is where treason began," a private said,
“老天作证，这也该是它结束的地方。”
"and by God, this is where it shall end."
地上的房♥屋几乎荡然无存。
Few houses were left standing.
“寒风在冰冷的烟囱中叹息，
从敞开的窗子里呼啸穿过，
"The wind moans among the bleak chimneys and whistles through the gaping windows.
“商场只剩破败的框架，它的尖顶坍塌了，
"The market is a ruined shell, its spire fallen in,
“分离的钟声已经在每个州敲响，宣告着分离，
"The old bell, Secessia, that had rung out every state as it seceded,
它们半边身子已经入土。”
lying half-buried in the earth."
1865年1月17日，
On February 17, 1865,
萨姆特堡连同整个查尔斯顿港都被弃守。
Fort Sumter was abandoned, along with all of Charleston.
杰弗逊.戴维斯承认，“这种失望，极其苦涩。”
"This disappointment," Jefferson Davis admitted, "is extremely bitter."
“城市一片废墟，
"A city of ruins,
“断壁残垣，
"of desolation,
“空荡荡的房♥屋，守寡的女人。
"of vacant houses, of widowed women.
“残破的码头，
"of rotting wharves,
“弃置的仓库，
"of deserted warehouses,
“野草丛生的花♥园♥，杂草生长的长街，
"of weed-wild gardens, of miles of grass-grown streets,
“大♥片♥凄凉而嘈杂的荒芜土地——
"of acres of pitiful and voiceful barrenness--
“这就是查尔斯顿，
"that is Charleston,
一个曾在反抗中傲然挺立的地方。”
where in rebellion loftily reared its head."
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
《死于理论》
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
《死于理论》
“杰克.米德尔顿从里士满写信来说，
在那里，狼已经跑到家门口来了。
"Jack Middleton writes from Richmond, the wolf is at the door here.
“我们对挨饿的恐惧，比对格兰特
或谢尔曼的恐惧要强烈得多。
"We dread starvation far more than we do Grant or Sherman.
饥荒——说的就是现在了。”
Famine--that is the word now."
玛丽.切斯纳特
Mary Chesnut.
北军每到一个地方，
Everywhere the Union armies marched,
偏僻小路上就挤满了南方邦联的难民。
the back roads filled with Confederate refugees.
成千上万的人逃往德克萨斯寻找新生活。
Thousands fled to Texas in search of a new start.
更多的人成群结队的去里士满，
Thousands more flocked to Richmond,
希望邦联政♥府♥能够保护他们。
hoping the Confederate government would care for them.
政♥府♥无能为力。
There was little it could do.
邦联政♥府♥正在分崩离析。
The Confederate Government was coming apart.
北卡州长只允许他自己军队而拒绝其他军队
The Governor of North Carolina refused to permit any but his own troops
穿戴他储备的9万2千套制♥服♥。
to wear the 92,000 uniforms he was hoarding.
在乔治亚州，约瑟夫.布朗州长威胁要脱离邦联。
In Georgia, governor Joseph Brown threatened to secede from the Confederacy.
州权仍然是他们首先考虑的。
States' rights still came first.
“如果邦联失败了，
"If the Confederacy fails,
“那它的墓碑上应该写上一句——
"There should be written on its tombstone--
死于一个理论。”
Died of a theory."
杰弗逊.戴维斯总统
President Jefferson Davis.
“我去见了国会的人，
"I have been up to see the congress,
“他们除了吃花生和嚼烟叶，似乎什么也做不了，
"and they do not seem able to do anything except eat peanuts and chew tobacco,
而我的部队在挨饿。”
while my army is starving."
罗伯特.E.李
Robert E. Lee.
李将军请求更多的补给。
Lee begged for more supplies.
戴维斯什么也给不了。
Davis had none to give.
一根木柴在里士满要卖♥♥5美元。
A single stick of firewood cost $5.00 in Richmond.
一桶面粉涨到250美元，
A barrel of flour had risen to $250
甚至这个价格还很难买♥♥到。
and could rarely be found even at that price.
“我每天拿衣服换吃的。
"I daily part with my raiment for food.
“我们发现没人会用食物换南方的钱，
"We find no one who will exchange eatables for Confederate money,
因此我们正在以衣服为食。”
so we are devouring our clothes."
每天数百名南军士兵在绝望的家信驱使下
Hundreds of Confederate soldiers were deserting every day,
走上逃亡之路，他们赤着脚，饥寒交迫。
cold, hungry, barefoot, driven by desperate letters from home.
罗伯特.李要求马上把奴隶武装起来保卫邦联。
Lee asked that slaves now be armed to defend the Confederacy.
他说，“我们必须作出决定，让黑奴为我们而战，
还是反对我们。”
"We must decide," he said, "whether the negro shall fight for us or against us."
他补充说，“那些愿意战斗的人，战后将获得自♥由♥。”
"Those willing to fight," he added, "would be freed after the war."
南方国会最终批准了黑人军队，
The Confederate Congress finally authorized black troops
因为正如《里士满观察家报》所说，
because, as the Richmond examiner said,
“这个国家不会否决李将军提出的任何请求。”
"The country will not deny General Lee anything he may ask for."
6天后，里士满市民看到了一个惊人的景象——
6 days later, the citizens of Richmond saw an astonishing sight--
一支由白人康复伤员和黑人医护工组成的南军部队
a new Confederate battalion made up of white convalescents