美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E05

Part 6 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

All hope of invading the North was ended.
第二天，李将军开始了撤回弗吉尼亚的漫长旅程，
The next day, Lee began the long retreat back to Virginia
其时一场夏季的倾盆大雨冲刷着草地上的血浆，
as a summer downpour washed the blood from the grass
洒向延伸17英里的马车队上搭载的伤员。
and pelted the wounded who rode in a wagon train that stretched 17 miles.
“7月4日。以前的国♥庆♥日也这样庆祝过吗？
"July 4. Was ever the nation's birthday celebrated in such a way before?
“我想知道南方现在怎么看我们北方佬。
"I wonder what the South thinks of us Yankees now.
我认为葛底斯堡会打消叛军任何再次入侵北方的念想。”
I think Gettysburg will cure the rebels of any desire to invade the North again."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes
尽管华盛顿再三催促，米德拒绝攻击李撤退中的部队。
Despite urgings from Washington, Meade refused to attack Lee's retreating army.
另一个摧毁北弗吉尼亚军团的机会失去了。
Another opportunity to destroy the army of northern Virginia was lost.
林肯再一次狂怒不已。
Once again, Lincoln was furious.
与此同时，罗伯特.E.李写信给杰弗逊.戴维斯提出辞职。
Meanwhile, Robert E. Lee wrote Jefferson Davis, offering to resign.
“亲爱的戴维斯总统，
"Dear President Davis,
“我甚至不能完成我自己的愿望。
"I cannot even accomplish what I myself desire.
“我又如何能满足别人的期望？
"How can I fill the expectations of others?
“我常常感到自己的体力越来越差。
"I generally feel the growing failure of my bodily strength.
“我急切的请求阁下考虑此事，
"I anxiously urge the matter upon your excellency from my belief that a younger
一个比我更年轻能干的人很容易找到。”
and abler man than myself can readily be obtained."
罗伯特.E.李
Robert E. Lee.
这个提议未被接受。
The offer was not accepted.
威廉.福克纳在《坟墓的闯入者》一书中说，
对每个南方孩子而言，
William Faulkner, in Intruder In The Dust, says that for every southern boy,
他总是能想象出1863年7月初的一天下午1点钟发生的事。
it's always in his reach to imagine it being 1:00 on an early July day in 1863.
大炮整齐安放。军队排列成行。
The guns are laid. The troops are lined up.
旗帜已经从盒子里拿出来，正待迎风招展，
The flags are already out of their cases and ready to be unfurled,
但这并不是真的发生的事。
but it hasn't happened yet.
他能够回到战争失败之前的那个时候。
And he can go back to the time before the war was going to be lost.
他总是可以拥有属于自己的那个时刻。
And he can always have that moment for himself.
“葛底斯堡附近的医院。
"Hospital near Gettysburg.
“亲爱的爸爸，
"My dear father,
“在众多伤员中，我应该算是战争之神眷顾的人。
"it has pleased the God of battles that I should number among the many wounded.
“由于他无限的仁慈与怜悯，
"Through his infinite kindness and mercy,
“我获准告知您，我已经康复了。
"I am permitted to inform you that I have recovered.
“我有两个地方受伤。
"I was wounded in two places.
“第一处打穿了屁♥股♥，
"First, through the hip,
“第二处，子弹打进我的左眼角，
"second, the ball entered the inner corner of my left eye
“从我右耳的下端出来。
"and came out at the lower tip of my right ear.
“两处都得到妥善处理并且痊愈。
"Both are doing fine and healed up.
“写信给我。我也许收得到。
"Write to me. I may get the letter.
您挚爱的儿子，阿尔伯特.巴彻勒。”
Your devoted son, Albert Batchelor."
葛底斯堡战役后，缅因州迪尔岛的居民
After Gettysburg, the residents of Deer Isle, Maine,
开始查看阵亡名单，寻找熟悉的名字。
began scanning the casualty lists for familiar names.
两个列兵，约翰.格雷和以赛亚.伊顿，
Two privates, John Gray and Isaiah Eaton,
均严重受伤并很快死在医院。
were badly wounded and soon died in hospitals.
两人都埋葬在葛底斯堡新的国家公墓。
Both were buried in the new national cemetery at Gettysburg.
当葛底斯堡的消息传到田纳西州克拉克斯维尔时，
大街上变得很安静。
The streets grew quiet when news of Gettysburg reached Clarksville, Tennessee.
960人随田纳西第14步兵团2年前离开这个镇子。
The 14th Tennessee regiment had left town 2 years before with 960 men.
葛底斯堡战役开始时，还有365人。
When the battle of Gettysburg began, only 365 remained.
第一天结束时，只剩下60人。
By the end of the first day, there were 60 men left.
战役结束时，仅余3人。
By the end of the battle, there were only three.
“城市笼罩在一片阴郁中。
"A gloom rests over the city.
“人们的情感与希望都寄托在这个团身上。
"The hopes and affections of the people were wrapped in the regiment.
“那些发动这场罪恶战争的人负有多么重大的责任。”
"What a terrible responsibility rests upon those who inaugurated this unholy war."
1863年7月26日，
On July 26, 1863, Sam Houston,
德克萨斯共和国首位总统、美国联邦坚定的支持者，
first President of the Republic of Texas,
山姆.休斯敦死在德克萨斯的亨茨维尔。
unshakable supporter of the American Union, died at Huntsville, Texas.
“我请求那些建立和摧毁国家的人，与我们联合。
"I ask of him who build up and pull down nations to unite us.
“我希望，如果这个联邦注定分♥裂♥，
"I wish, if this Union must be dissolved,
它的废墟将成为我坟墓上的纪念碑。”
that its ruins be the monument of my grave."
“我尽我所能，把他的形象雕刻到一块床头板上，
"I carved him out a headboard as skillful as I could,
“如果你想找到它，我可以告诉你它立在哪儿。
"and if you wish to find it, I can tell you where it stood.
“我给你寄回他的圣歌♥集，他戴过的帽子，
"I send you back his hymn book, the cap he used to wear,
“我前一晚从他油亮的卷发上剪下的—绺头发。
"and a lock I cut the night before of his bright curly hair.
“我给你寄回他的圣经。
"I send you back his bible.
“他死之前那晚我翻开书页，
"The night before he died I turned its leaves together,
“在他身边读它。
"and read it by his side.
“我会留着他用过的腰带，他叫我留下，
"I'll keep the belt he was wearing, he told me so to do,
“腰带的一侧有个洞，子弹就是从这里打进去的。
"It had a hole upon the side just where the ball went through.
“现在我已经完成了他的嘱托，没什么别的要说了，
"So now I've done his bidding, there's nothing more to tell,
但我会永远和你一起悼念，我们深爱的男孩。”
but I shall always mourn with you, the boy we loved so well."
《她排在我前面》
“我们的雇工在玉米种植开始时就应征入伍，
"Our hired man left to enlist just as corn planting commenced,
“于是从那时起，我要扛起锄头，一直干活到现在。
"so I shouldered my hoe and have worked out ever since.
我想我♥干♥的活跟他不相上下。”
I guess my services are just as acceptable as his."
“历史上没有哪场冲突，”一位记者写道，
"No conflict in history," a journalist wrote,
“如美国内战这样，也是一场妇女深度参与的战争。”
"was so much a woman's war as The Civil War."
南北双方的妇女们都想方设法提供帮助。
North and south, women looked for ways to help.
在北方，公民们成立了卫生委员会
In the North, citizens formed the Sanitary Commission
和基♥督♥教委员会，来组织私人救济，
and the Christian Commission to organize private relief
和控制疾病在军队里的传播。
and check the spread of disease in the army.
发病率降低了一半。
The disease rate was cut in half.
卫生委员会在营地里巡视，要求保持清洁，
Sanitary commissioners prowled the camps, demanding they be cleaned up,
改善医疗条件，督促改善伙食，
reforming hospital conditions, insisting on better food,
确保毯子、鞋、药品和家里的包裹
making sure blankets, shoes, medicines, and packages from home
得到公平分配。
were distributed fairly.
一些杰出的人士运营着卫生委员会。
Prominent men ran the sanitary commission.
纽约律师乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗是其财务主管。
New York lawyer George Templeton Strong was its treasurer.
但在北方地区的7千个分会之中，数十万妇女从事
But hundreds of thousands of women in 7,000 local chapters all over the North did the work
缝纫、编织、烘焙、包扎绷带、募集资金和组织集♥会♥。
sewing, knitting, baking, wrapping bandages, raising funds, organizing rallies.
“如果这场战争引发了人类之中潜藏的
"If this war developed some of the most brutal, bestial,
“最为残忍♥、野蛮和邪恶的品质，
"and devilish qualities lurking in the human race,
它也展现出在最优秀的男人和女人之中有多少天使。”
It has also shown us how much of the angel there is in the best men and women."
玛丽.利弗莫尔
Mary Livermore
玛丽.利弗莫尔，一位芝加哥牧师的妻子，
Mary Livermore, a Chicago minister's wife,
把中西部志愿者组织成3千个分会，
organized Midwestern volunteers into 3,000 chapters
当军队受到坏血病的威胁时，
And, when the army was threatened with scurvy,
向南方运送了大量食物，以至一位记者说，
sent so much food south that one reporter said,
“一条蔬菜的供应线连接着芝加哥和维克斯堡。”
"a line of vegetables connected Chicago and Vicksburg."
克拉拉.巴顿,她身高不足5英尺，用骡车分发补给品，
Clara Barton, who stood barely 5 feet tall, distributed supplies by mule train,
从雪松山到安提坦一路照料伤员，
ministered to the wounded from Cedar Mountain to Antietam,
不知疲倦的游说华盛顿，给这些人提供更好的护理。
and tirelessly lobbied Washington for better care for the men.
在一封家信里，一位医务船上的护士凯瑟琳.沃姆斯利
In a letter home, Katherine Wormsley, a nurse on a hospital ship,
指责船上混乱不堪，
decried the confusion and chaos on board,
但在结尾时她说，“再见，这就是生活。”
but she ended, "Good-bye. This is life."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗的妻子埃莉也去了南方，
在一条医务船上服务。
George Templeton Strong's wife Ellie went south to serve on a hospital ship, too.
“埃莉的机灵、理智、善良和活力
"Ellie's tact, sense, good nature,
“立刻征服了联邦军队的主治医生，
"and energy conquered the USA surgeon in charge at once
“使得他从官威十足变成衷心愉快的合作，
"and coerced all his official dignity into hearty, grateful cooperation
“她替他保管500箱物资，其中大多是坏的。
"in the care of his cargo of 500 cases, mostly bad ones.
“她所表现出的事业心、勇气、判断力和人格力量，
"Have never given her credit for tithe of the enterprise,
“从未获得过哪怕十分之一的赞颂。
"pluck, discretion, and force of character she has shown.
上帝保佑她。”
God bless her."
“我们南方没有卫生委员会。
"We had no sanitary commission in the South.
“我们太穷了。
"We were too poor.
“我们没有一条把人多富裕的城市连起来的铁路。
"We had no line of rich and populous cities closely connected by rail.
在我们这里，每所房♥子都是医院。”
With us, every house was a hospital."
南方妇女也当护士，
Southern women worked as nurses, too,
尽管有人批评她们照顾暴徒太不象淑女了。
despite criticism that it was unladylike for them to care for ruffians.
里士满的萨莉.汤普金斯和仅有的6位雇工
Sallie Thompkins of Richmond and a staff of only six
在她的私人医院里护理1333名伤员，
nursed 1,333 wounded men in her private hospital
除73人外其余的都活了下来，
and kept all but 73 of them alive,
这是一份内战期间南北双方任何医院都无法企及的记录。
a record unmatched by any other Civil War hospital, north or south.
玛丽.安.璧克黛克，一位身为教友派信徒的寡妇，
也是卫生委员会代表，
Mary Ann Bickerdyke, a Quaker widow and Sanitary Commission agent,
随北军一起奔波，历时4年，经历了19场战役，
traveled with the Union army through four years and 19 battles,
协助截肢手术，煮咖啡，
Assisting at amputations, brewing barrels of coffee,
收集牛、鸡和鸡蛋，
rounding up cattle and chickens and eggs
供养那些心怀感激的称她为“璧克黛克妈妈”的人。
to feed the grateful men who called her mother Bickerdyke.
战争结束时，谢尔曼将军说的言简意赅，
“她排在我前面。”
By the end of the war, General Sherman said simply "She ranks me."
《维克斯堡》
5月下旬起的每一天，
Every day since late May,