美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E07

Part 6 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

我不认为南方有机会赢得那场战争。
I don't think the South ever had a chance to win that war.
《那些还是人吗？》
在西部，一个名叫“血腥比尔.安德森”的南方游击队员
Out west, Bloody Bill Anderson, a Confederate guerrilla
骑着马，把北军的头皮拴在缰绳上，
who rode with Union scalps tied to his bridle,
领着30个人进入密苏里州的森特罗利亚，
led 30 men into Centralia, Missouri,
杀死24名手无寸铁的北军士兵，接着又伏击了116人。
killed 24 unarmed Federal soldiers, then ambushed 116 more.
10月26日，
On October 26th,
安德森自己被伏击身亡，
Anderson himself was ambushed and killed,
但他的一个贴身副官杰西.詹姆斯逃走了。
but one of his close lieutenants, Jesse James, got away.
在田纳西州，福雷斯特率军包围了皮洛堡并要求守军投降，
In Tennessee, Nathan Bedford Forrest's men surrounded Fort Pillow,
这里由一支田纳西联邦主义者和黑人军队控制。
held by a unit of Tennessee Unionists and black troops, and demanded its surrender.
北军指挥官拒绝投降时，堡垒被攻破了。
When the Union commander refused, the Fort was overrun.
多达300人被杀，其中大多数是黑人，
As many as 300 soldiers, most of them black, were killed,
许多人是在投降后被杀。
many after they surrendered.
“希望这样的事实能向北方人♥民♥表明，
"It is hoped that these facts will demonstrate to the Northern people
黑鬼士兵无法对抗南军。”
that negro soldiers cannot cope with southerners."
内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特
Nathan Bedford Forrest.
“我说，别开枪，
"I said, don't shoot me,
“他们当中有人说，往外走，牵着我的马。
"and one of them said, go out and hold my horse.
“我走了一两步，
"I made a step or two,
“他说，转过身。
"and he said, turn around.
“我也牵着我的马，杀了你。
"I will hold my horse and shoot you, too.
我一转过身，他就朝我脸上开了一枪。”
I no sooner turned around than he shot me in the face."
[枪声]
[gunshot]
“我倒在地上装死。
"I fell down as if I was dead.
他又朝我开了一枪，打中手臂而不是头部。”
He shot me again and hit my arm, not my head."
[枪声]
[gunshot]
“我躺在那里直到听不到他的声音，
"I laid there until I could hear him no more,
“然后我往回走。
"and then I started back.
“我在天快亮时走了回去，
"I got back about sunup
“徘徊良久直到一艘炮艇驶来，
"and wandered about until a gunboat came along,
于是我和其他10个人上了炮艇。”
and I came up on that with about 10 others."
联邦第6重炮兵团B连，列兵乔治.肖恩
Private George Shaw, Company B, 6th U.S. heavy artillery.
作为对皮洛堡事件的报复，
In retaliation for Fort Pillow,
格兰特终止了一直执行的囚犯交换制度，
Grant ended the system under which prisoners had always been exchanged
除非南方同意承认
until the South agreed to recognize
“白人囚犯和有色人种囚犯没有什么差别。”
"no distinction whatever between white and colored prisoners."
戴维斯和李拒绝承认。
Davis and Lee refused.
南北两方的监狱，很快因停止交换而挤满囚犯。
North and South, prisons soon bulged with unexchanged prisoners.
原本就不够用的战俘营现在成了噩梦。
Already inadequate prison camps became nightmares.
情况最糟糕的是乔治亚州安德森维尔附近的南军监狱。
The worst was the Confederate prison near Andersonville, Georgia.
这里规划最多关押1万名北军战俘，
Meant to hold a maximum of 10,000 northern prisoners,
到186♥4♥年8月，已经有3万3千人——
by August 186♥4♥, it had 33,000--
成了南方邦联第5大城市。
the fifth largest city in the Confederacy.
它的指挥官是一位德裔瑞士移♥民♥亨利.维尔茨，
Its commandant, a German-Swiss immigrant named Henry Wirz,
他禁止囚犯建造容身之所。
forbade prisoners to build shelters.
多数人住在地上挖的洞里，外面盖上一张毯子。
Most lived in holes scratched in the ground covered by a blanket.
每日的配给是1茶匙盐，
The daily ration was a teaspoon of salt,
3汤匙的豆子，还有半品脱玉米粉。
3 tablespoons of beans, and half a pint of cornmeal.
一条名叫甜水溪的污秽小河，既是饮用水源又是下水道。
A foul creek called Sweet Water Branch served as both drinking water and sewer.
“围场原先的1/3变成沼泽，一片肮脏液体的泥潭，
"1/3 of the original enclosure was swampy, a mud of liquid filth,
“成千上万人的排泄物，密布着蠕动的蛆虫。
"voidings from the thousands, seething with maggots in full activity.
“死于警卫之手，虽然也是冷血的谋杀，
"Death at the hand of the guards, though murder in cold blood,
但与慢慢在监狱里被有计划的故意谋杀相比，还是仁慈的。”
was merciful beside the systematic, studied, absolute murder inside by slow death."
1年之中，有1万3千人死在安德森维尔，葬在乱坟岗。
In one year, 13,000 men died at Andersonville and were buried in mass graves.
“那些还是人吗？
"Can those be men?
“难道他们不是真的尸骸？
"Are they not really corpses?
“他们躺在那里，多数格外安静，
"They lay there, most of them, quite still,
“只是眼中带着恐怖的神情。
"but with a horrible look in their eyes.
“死在那里，并不比从那里活下来更值得怜悯——
"The dead there are not to be pitied as much as some of the living that have come from there--
如果那些人可以被称为活着。”
if they can be called living."
沃尔特.惠特曼
Walt Whitman.
“我被俘的时候，体重165磅，
"When I was taken prisoner, I weighed 165 pounds,
“等到我出来体重是96磅，
"and when I came out, I weighed 96 pounds
和我看到的一些人比，我还算是结实的。”
and was considered stout compared with some I saw."
“我为这些可怜人而心痛，
"My heart aches for these poor wretches,
“尽管他们是北方佬，
"Yankees though they are,
“我担心上帝会把可怕的惩罚降到我们头上，
"and I am afraid God will suffer some terrible retribution to fall upon us
“因为我们竟让这样的事发生。
"for letting such things happen.
“要是北方佬什么时候来乔治亚州西南部，
"If the Yankees should ever come to southwest Georgia
“去安德森看那里的坟场，
"and go to Anderson and see the graves there,
愿上帝宽恕那片土地！”
God have mercy on the land!"
《人♥民♥的决心》
随着谢尔曼在亚特兰大取胜，林肯连任的机会大增。
With Sherman's victory at Atlanta, Lincoln's chances of re-election were improving.
现在又更多有坏消息传到南方。
And now came more bad news for the Confederacy.
菲尔.谢里登和4万5千人在谢南多厄河谷兴风作浪。
Phil Sheridan and 45,000 men were on the loose in the Shenandoah.
“整个国家从蓝岭到北方山区，
"The whole country from the Blue Ridge to the North Mountains
“叛军都无法站稳脚跟。
"has been made untenable for a rebel army.
“我已摧毁2000多个装满小麦、干草
"I have destroyed over 2,000 barns filled with wheat, hay,
和农具的谷仓，以及70多个磨坊。
"and farming implements and over 70 mills.
“明天我将继续破坏。
"Tomorrow I will continue the destruction.
“当这一切完成时，
"When this is completed, the valley
山谷里的人或动物将所剩无几。”
will have but little in it for man or beast."
菲尔.谢里登将军
General Phil Sheridan.
他被派去一劳永逸的荡平那里。
He was sent there to clear it out once and for all.
给他指令是彻底清理干净，
His instructions were to strip it so clean that
就算一只乌鸦飞过去都得自备口粮，
a crow flying across it would have to carry his own provender,
而他几乎要做到了。
and he came close to doing it.
没有哪个北方将领比谢里登更爱打仗。
No Union officer was fonder of fighting than Sheridan.
除了谢尔曼，没有人如此冷酷无情。
None, save Sherman, was so relentless.
他传令追剿朱巴尔.厄尔利，“至死方休”。
His orders were to follow Jubal Early "to the death."
10月18日拂晓前，
Before dawn on October 18th,
朱巴尔.厄尔利试图在雪松溪发动最后一次
摧毁谢里登部队的进攻，
Jubal Early tried one last time to destroy Sheridan's army by attacking at Cedar Creek,
此时谢里登本人正在20英里外的温切斯特熟睡。
while Sheridan himself was asleep at Winchester 20 miles away.
起初厄尔利似乎成功了。
At first it seemed Early had succeeded.
北军被赶出营地。
Union forces were driven from their camps.
谢里登跨上他的黑色骏马“雷恩齐”，
Sheridan mounted his great black horse Rienzi
飞奔经过正在撤退的手下，催促他们转身回去。
and galloped through his retreating men, urging them to turn back.
他们停下脚步，开始高唱他的名字。
They stopped and began to chant his name.
谢里登喊道，“该死的！不要为我欢呼，去战斗！”
"God damn you!" Sheridan shouted. "don't cheer me. fight!"
北军重整旗鼓，夺回了阵地。
The Union lines reformed and won back the field.
厄尔利逃跑了，谢南多厄河谷从此与南军无缘。
Early fled, and the Shenandoah was closed forever to the Confederacy.
“谢里登将军，当这场不寻常的战争开始时，
"General Sheridan, when this particular war began,
“我想一个骑兵至少该有6英尺4英寸高，
"I thought a cavalryman should be at least 6'4" high,
“但我已经改变了想法。
"but I have changed my mind.
必要时5英尺4英寸也行。”
5'4" will do in a pinch."
亚伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln.
在彼得斯堡，格兰特第二次向敌军工事鸣炮100响。
At Petersburg, Grant fired a second 100-gun volley into the enemy works.
[炮声]
[gunfire]
“亲爱的纳特，我很欣赏总统。
"Dear Nat, I think well of the President.
“他的脸就象乡村版的米开朗基罗，
"he has a face like a Hoosier Michelangelo,
“脸上搭配奇怪的嘴，
"so awful ugly it becomes beautiful,
“深如沟壑、纵横交错的线条，
"with its strange mouth,
“还有炸面圈般的肤色，如此奇丑竟变成了漂亮。
"its deep-cut, crisscross lines, and its doughnut complexion.
“我不会纠结于他的政♥府♥会失败这种猜想。
"I do not dwell on the supposed failures of his government.
“他已展现出不可思议的智谋，驾驭这艘大船一路航行。
"he has shown an almost supernatural tact in keeping the ship afloat at all.
我越来越信赖他作为西部人的独特天才。”
I more and more rely upon his idiomatic western genius."
沃尔特.惠特曼
Walt Whitman.
[《星条旗之歌♥》奏响]
[star-spangled banner plays]
《哈珀周刊》
Harper's Weekly.
“亚伯拉罕.林肯和安德鲁.约翰逊
"Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson have been elected
“在几乎所有州都以普遍多数当选。
"by enormous and universal majorities in almost all the states.
“这一结果是美国人♥民♥在宣告
"This result is the proclamation of the American people
“他们没有被征服。
"that they are not conquered.
“这就是他们从林肯再次当选所证实的。
"This is what they confirm by the re-election of Mr. Lincoln.
“就个人而言，他并不重要，
"In himself, he is unimportant,
“但作为美国人♥民♥情感和意志的代表，
"but as the representative of the feeling and purpose of the American people,
他在世界上至关重要。”
he is the most important fact in the world."
“我感谢万能的上帝，以此证明人♥民♥的决心。
"I give thanks to the almighty for this evidence of the people's resolution.
“这场竞争向世界证明，
"This contest has demonstrated to the world
“在一场伟大的内战当中，人♥民♥的政♥府♥