美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E05

Part 9 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

very a lot of breakthroughs, a lot of hand-to-hand combat,
一次漫长而疲惫的撤退，
a long, Ragged retreat,
一次南军的辉煌胜利却未加充分利用。
a glorious southern victory which was unexploited.
所有的西部英雄都在那里，从福雷斯特开始，都倒下了。
All the western heroes were there, from Forrest on, down.
那是一场伟大的战役。
It was-- it's a great battle.
9月18日早晨8点钟，
At 8 a.m. On the morning of September 18th,
内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特的骑兵撞上了
Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry ran into a brigade of Federals
正向河上一座小桥前进的北军一个旅。
heading for a little bridge over the creek.
中午时分，福雷斯特的一位军官报告，
By noon, one of Forrest's officers reported,
“死尸叠在一起就象木料堆，
"The dead were piled upon each other like cordwood
成了前进队伍的通道。”
to make passage for advancing columns."
夜暮降临时，所有的阵地都守住了。
By nightfall, both lines held.
在第二天的激烈战斗中，罗斯克兰斯犯了一个致命错误——
On the second day of fierce fighting, Rosecrans committed a fatal mistake--
命令他的军队堵住北军战线上一个并不存在的缺口。
ordering his troops to close a gap in the Union line that wasn't there.
在此过程中，他打开了一个真的缺口，
In the process, he opened up a real one,
朗斯特里特的南军猛冲进来。
and Longstreet's Confederates stormed through.
联邦的军队溃逃。
The Union forces broke and ran.
“他们打到只剩最后一人，”朗斯特里特说，
“甚至他也在逃跑。”
"They have fought their last man," Longstreet said, "and even he is running."
但来自弗吉尼亚的联邦军人乔治.亨利.托马斯拒绝撤退，
But George Henry Thomas, a Union man from Virginia, refused to retreat
组织了一次顽强的最后时刻的防御，
and organized a stubborn last-minute defense
避免战斗变成全面的溃败，
that kept the battle from becoming a rout
他也赢得了一个“奇克莫加岩石”的绰号♥。
and earned him the nickname the "rock of Chickamauga".
北军跌跌撞撞的逃回查塔努加。
The Northern army limped back into Chattanooga.
罗斯克兰斯感到“困惑和震惊”，林肯说，
“犹如一只鸭子当头捱了一棒。”
Rosecrans was "confused and stunned," Lincoln said, "like a duck hit on the head."
困在查塔努加的北军境况悲惨。
Bottled up in Chattanooga, the Union forces were miserable.
寒冷，寄生虫肆虐，给养线大部分被切断，只剩涓涓细流，
Cold, vermin-infested, cut off from all but a thin trickle of supplies,
他们拆除房♥屋，砍倒城里所有的树木和篱笆作为燃料。
they demolished houses and hacked down every tree and fence in town for fuel.
围城的南军情况也好不到哪里去。
The Confederates besieging the city were in no better shape.
“当我们物资匮乏和饥饿到达顶点，
"In the very acme of our privations and hunger,
“在军队最不满意、最不开心时，
"when the army was most dissatisfied and unhappy,
“我们还要受命列队接受高贵的杰弗逊.戴维斯的检阅。
"We were ordered into line to be reviewed by the honorable Jefferson Davis.
“当他和一众参谋官疾驰经过我们时，
"When he passed us with his great retinue of staff officers at full gallop,
“迎接他的欢呼是，
"cheers greeted him with the words
“给我们一点吃的，杰夫老爷。我饿，我饿！”
"Send us something to eat, Massa Jeff. I'm hungry. I'm hungry!"
山姆.沃特金斯
Sam Watkins.
尤利西斯.S.格兰特现在统领联邦
In October, Ulysses S. Grant, now in command of all Union armies
从阿帕拉契山脉到密西西比河的所有军队，
from the Appalachians to the Mississippi,
10月他赶往查塔努加，立即用托马斯替换了罗斯克兰斯。
hurried to Chattanooga and immediately replaced Rosecrans with Thomas.
布拉克斯顿.布雷格的南军目前占据着
Braxton Bragg's Confederate army now occupied
城东6英里长的传教士山脉。
the 6-mile crest of Missionary Ridge east of the city.
南军的大炮密布于城南
Confederate guns were massed on the 2,000-foot summit
卢考特山附近2千英尺的峰顶。
of nearby lookout mountain south of town.
山下的格兰特，决心把他们赶走。
Grant, down in Chattanooga, resolved to drive them off.
查塔努加战役开始于10月24日。
The battle of Chattanooga began on November 24th.
北军猛攻卢考特山，在浓雾中作战，
Union troops stormed Lookout Mountain, fighting through such dense fog
因而此战以“云上的战役”为人铭记。
that it was remembered as the "battle above the clouds."
在夜里，一支被围困的布雷格部队从卢考特山顶峰
During the night, a besieged Bragg withdrew from the summit of Lookout Mountain
撤到附近的传教士山脊。
to nearby Missionary Ridge.
[演奏《共和国战歌♥》]
[battle hymn of the republic playing]
就在第二天黎明前，北军走到一块突出的岩石上，
Just before dawn the next morning, Federals stepped out onto an overhanging rock,
当太阳升起时，展开他们的旗帜。
and as the sun rose, unfurled their flag.
下面山谷中，数千名北军士兵爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼。
Thousands of Union men in the valley below broke into a thunderous cheer.
北军取得了胜利。
The Union had won.
接下来北军的任务就是拿下传教士山脊。
The next Union task was to take Missionary Ridge.
在山脚下负责指挥的是115磅体重的菲尔.谢里登将军，
In command at the bottom of the hill was 115-pound General Phil Sheridan,
他从口袋里掏出一只酒壶，向上面的南军枪手们举杯致意。
who pulled a flask from his pocket and toasted the Confederate gunners above him.
“这杯敬你们，”他说。
"Here's at you," he said.
叛军开火，他和军官们身上都溅满了泥土。
The rebels opened fire, spattering him and his officers with dirt.
“这太不仗义了，”谢里登说，“为此我要夺下你们的枪。”
"That was ungenerous," Sheridan said, "I'll take your guns for that."
“谁让那些人上山的？”格兰特问。
"Who ordered those men up the hill?" Grant asked.
一位副官回答，“没人，他们擅自行动。
"No one," an aide replied. "They started up without orders.
那些家伙一旦开始行动，谁他妈都拦不住。”
When those fellows get started, all hell can't stop them."
“当我们的人接近山顶时，那些守卫高地的人越来越绝望。
"Those defending the heights became more and more desperate as our men approached the top.
“他们高喊奇克莫加，似乎这个词本身就是一件武器。
"They shouted Chickamauga as though the word itself were a weapon.
“只有极少的人把弹♥药♥塞进枪膛里。
"They thrust cartridges into guns by the handsful.
“他们点燃炸♥药♥包的导火索滚下山去，
"They lighted the fuses of shells and rolled them down,
但没有什么能够阻挡冲锋的军队。”
but nothing could stop the force of the charge."
“约翰.威廉姆斯，南加利福尼亚，
"John Williams, South Carolina,
1863年10月死于田纳西州传教士山脊。”
killed at Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, November 1863."
在格兰特的领导下，北军打破了南军对查塔努加的包围。
Under Grant's leadership, the Union army had broken the Confederate siege at Chattanooga.
这是格兰特的又一个辉煌战果。
It was another triumph for Grant.
“这是一次伟大的胜利，”谢尔曼说，
“是我参与过的最干净利落的战役，
"It was a great victory," Sherman said, "the neatest and cleanest battle I was ever in,
这应该全部归功于格兰特。”
and Grant deserves the credit of it all."
在随后的几个星期里，每个人都在卢考特山摆拍留影。
In the weeks that followed, everybody posed on Lookout Mountain.
托马斯将军下令在一座叫“果园小丘”
的山上设立一个联邦公墓，
General Thomas ordered a Union cemetery laid out on a hill called Orchard Knob
这里曾发生过野蛮的战斗。
that had seen savage fighting.
一位随军牧师问，是否墓地应该按州划分。
A chaplain asked if the burial should be by state.
托马斯说，“不，混合起来，”
"No, no. Mix them up," Thomas said,
“我已经厌倦了州权利。”
"I'm tired of States rights."
1863年12月2日中午，在华盛顿的国会大厦，
At the capitol in Washington at noon on December 2, 1863,
一座19英尺高的“自♥由♥胜利”女神像最终吊装到位。
a 19-foot bronze goddess of "freedom triumphant" was at last hoisted into place.
大圆顶终于完工。
The great dome was finished.
“我喜欢站在一旁，久久仰望着圆顶。
"I like to stand aside and look a long, long while up at the dome.
心中感到莫名的欣慰。”
It comforts me somehow."
沃尔特.惠特曼
Walt Whitman.
“1863年12月3日，营地。
"In camp, December 3, 1863.
“现在离圣诞节只有21天了。
"It is now just 21 days till Christmas.
“如果能回去和你一起过圣诞，我愿用任何东西来交换。
"I would give anything if I could be there to take Christmas with you.
“玛莎，如果你收到这封信，可能的话，
"Martha, if you get this letter and have any chance,
“我希望你寄给我一床旧的羊毛被，
"I wish you would send me an old woolen quilt,
因为我没领到过毯子，我们都没有，所以在寒夜里挨冻。”
for I've not got any blankets, and we can't get any, so I fare bad of a cold night."
本杰明.富兰克林.杰克逊
Benjamin Franklin Jackson.
“1863年圣诞节。
"Christmas day, 1863.
“巴克纳将军看到一本北方佬的画报。
"General Buckner had seen a Yankee pictorial.
“天使从天堂下凡来搭救石墙杰克逊的灵魂。
"Angels were sent down from heaven to bear up Stonewall's soul.
“她们找不到他，飞了回去，很伤心。
"They could not find it, flew back, sorrowing.
“到达天上的金色大门时，
"when they got to the golden gates above,
她们发现了石墙，于是作一次快速的侧翼机动，
截断了他的去路。”
they found stonewall, by a rapid flank movement, had already cut his way in."
玛丽.切斯纳特
Mary Chesnut.
“这一年带来了很多
"This year has brought about many changes
“在年初被认为不可能的改变。
"that at the beginning would have been thought impossible.
“走完这一年我发现了自我，一个献身于自己种族事业的战士。
"The close of the year finds me a soldier for the cause of the my race.
“希望上帝保佑这项事业，
"May god bless the cause
能让我在来年继续朝着它前进。”
and enable me in the coming year to forward it on."
克里斯蒂安.弗利特伍德
Christian Fleetwood
那是一个非常虔诚的年代。
It was an extremely religious age.
两方都想与上帝同在。
Both sides wanted to get right with God.
约翰.布朗说他是上帝手中的工具，
John Brown said he was an instrument in the hands of God
被带到哈珀斯费里解放奴隶，也许还开启了内战。
to bring him to Harpers Ferry to free the slaves and perhaps begin The Civil War.
亚伯拉罕.林肯最终也觉得，他是上帝手中的工具，
Abraham Lincoln finally felt that he, too, was an instrument in the hand of god
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
亚伯拉罕.林肯最终也觉得，他是上帝手中的工具，
Abraham Lincoln finally felt that he, too, was an instrument in the hand of god
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
上帝因为奴隶制的罪恶，惩罚这个国家。
and the God is punishing the country for the crime of slavery.
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
罗伯特.E.李说他是上帝手里的工具，
Robert E. Lee said that he was an instrument in the hands of God
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
罗伯特.E.李说他是上帝手里的工具，
Robert E. Lee said that he was an instrument in the hands of God
说葛底斯堡的一切都掌握在上帝手里，
and said at Gettysburg that it's all in God's hands
然后就把他军队中的精华都引向毁灭。
and then sent the cream of his army to its doom.
他们真心觉得在战争中，是天意在起作用。
They really felt that providence was at work in this war.
正如林肯所说，“我们都祈祷同一个上帝。
As Lincoln said, "We both pray to the same god.
“我们都乞灵于他。我们都说站在他一边。”
"We both invoked him. We both said we were on his side."
但天意直到1863年并未显现，
而是在战争结束时才真正变得明朗，
But it wasn't until 1863, indeed at the end of the war, that it became clear
上帝的裁决从何而来——从整个国家中来。
where God's judgment was coming down--That was on the whole country.
现在必须用流血来赎罪，因为它是罪恶的同谋，
因为奴隶制的罪恶。
It must now atone in blood for its complicity in wickedness, the wickedness of slavery.
《自♥由♥的新生》
美国内战在1万多个地方发生过战斗——
The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places--
在大本德河谷、大桑迪山谷和大葵花河，
at big bend, big sandy, and the big sunflower river,