美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E06

Part 5 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

As they settled down for the night on June 2nd,
北军这一边的老兵意识到将要发生的会是什么。
veterans on the Union side sensed what was coming.
“人们平静的在小纸片上写下他们的名字和家庭住址，
"The men were calmly writing their names and home addresses on slips of paper
“钉在他们的大衣后面，
"and pinning them to the backs of their coats
“这样他们的尸体可能被认出来，
"so that their bodies might be recognized
让家中的亲人得知他们的命运。”
and their fate made known to their families at home."
贺拉斯.波特将军
General Horace Porter.
[军号♥声]
[bugle tooting]
当进攻的军号♥在凌晨4点半吹响，
When the bugles blew for the attack at 4:30 a.m.,
6万北军朝着看不见的敌人出发了。
60,000 Union men started toward the unseen enemy.
冷港战役打响。
The battle of Cold Harbor had begun.
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
“我曾在弗雷德里克斯堡的玛莉高地前见过可怕的屠♥杀♥，
"I had seen the dreadful carnage in front of Marye's Hill at Fredericksburg,
“但我从未见过能超过这一次的。
"but I had seen nothing to exceed this.
这不是战争。这是谋杀。”
It was not war. It was murder."
那些家伙知道如何占据最有利于杀人的位置。
Those were men who knew how to take a position where you could do the most killing from.
整支军队一字排开，他们等待祈祷，希望有人扑上来。
that whole army was lined up, they are waiting hoping and praying some would come at them.
格兰特投入了3个军团。
Grant threw three corps at them.
大约7分钟内，南军击倒了近7千人。
In approximately 7 minutes, they shot about 7,000 men down.
真是血肉横飞。
it was a bloody mess.
这是唯一一件格兰特承认自己做错了的事。
It's the only thing Grant ever admitted that he'd done wrong.
“我一直后悔
"I've always regretted
“在冷港下令发起最后一次突击。
"that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made.
“无论怎样都无法补偿我们所遭受的惨重损失。”
"No advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained."
再有人建议突击时，
When another assault was suggested,
北军军官们都会断然否决。
Union officers rejected the idea outright.
“我不会再拿我的团做那样的冲锋，”
一位来自新罕布♥什♥尔的上尉说，
"I will not take my regiment in another such charge," said a New Hampshire captain,
“就算是耶稣本人下令。”
"if Jesus Christ himself should order it."
战役之后，一位年轻的马萨诸塞志愿兵的
溅满鲜血的日记被发现。
After the battle, the diary of a young Massachusetts volunteer was found spattered with blood.
最后一条是这样写的，
Its last entry read,
“186♥4♥年6月3日，弗吉尼亚冷港，我被杀死了。”
"June 3, 186♥4♥, Cold Harbor, Virginia. I was killed."
“我们的战事陷入了僵局。
"Our matters here are at a deadlock.
“除非南军犯下大错，他们会没完没了的牵制住我们。
"unless the rebs commit some great error, they will hold us in check until kingdom come.
“我们彻底累了、烦了。
"We are thoroughly tired and disgusted.
“这两支军队让我联想起两个学童
"These two armies remind me of two schoolboys
“相互局促不安的盯着对方。
"trying to stare each other out of countenance.
“谁都知道如果李将军从战壕里出来，
"Everyone knows if Lee were to come out of his trenchments,
我们就能痛击他，但鲍勃.李对付我们颇有些心机。”
we could whip him, but bob Lee is a little too smart for us."
华盛顿.罗布林
Washington Roebling.
从荒野到冷港，1个月之内，
From the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, in a single month,
波托马克军团已经损失5万人，
the army of the Potomac had lost 50,000 men,
相当于3年来战斗伤亡总数的一半。
half as many as in three years of struggle.
“186♥4♥年6月5日。
"June 5, 186♥4♥.
“昨天我们的人损失非常严重。
"Our people lost very severely yesterday.
“每一次我们估算下来，
"In every calculation that we make,
“我们自己的兵力都要超出2万人，
"we make ourselves out to be 20,000 men stronger,
“然而在每次战斗中，他们都显得和我们的人一样多，
"yet in every fight, they show as many men as we have,
“无论我们把战线排出多长，他们总是显得和我们一样长。
"and they always show as long a line as we do, no matter how long we make ours.
“186♥4♥年6月7日。
"June 7, 186♥4♥.
“又一位我最亲密的军中伙伴战死了。
"Another one of my best army friends has been killed.
一个接着一个，非常有规律。”
One goes after the other with perfect regularity."
“格兰特毫不在乎士兵是否如落叶一般坠地。
"Grant doesn't care a snap if men fall like the leaves fall.
“他为胜利而战，那个家伙就是这样。
"He fights to win, that chap does.
他有个讨厌的习惯，就是在难以压服的老兵面前从不退让。”
He has the disagreeable habit of not retreating before irresistible veterans."
玛丽.切斯纳特
Mary Chesnut.
“他坚持自己的看法，锁住自己的嘴巴，
"He keeps his own counsel, padlocks his mouth,
“同时面无表情——
"while his countenance indicates nothing--
“也就是说，既不流露感情，也不表明意图。
"that is, gives no expression of his feelings and no evidence of his intentions.
“他几乎一直在抽烟，有着用一把小刀削东西的习惯，
"He smokes almost constantly and has a habit of whittling with a small knife,
把一根小木棍切成小片，而不做成任何东西。”
cutting a small stick into small chips, making nothing."
“格兰特是个屠夫，不适合领军。
"Grant is a butcher and not fit to be at the head of an army.
“敌人损失1个，他要损失2人。
"He loses two men to the enemy's one.
“他管理无方，不尊重生命。
"He has no management, no regard for life.
我倒不如自己去带兵打仗。”
I could fight an army as well myself."
玛丽.林肯
Mary Lincoln.
当罗伯特.李的几个军官谴责格兰特是个屠夫时，
李将军让他们安静。
When several of Lee's officers denounced Grant as a butcher, Lee quieted them.
“我认为到目前为止，格兰特把事情处理得相当好，”他说。
"I think Grant has managed his affairs remarkably well up to the present time," he said.
格兰特继续行动。
Grant kept moving.
他让军队悄悄溜出战壕，穿过奇克哈默尼河，
He slipped his army out of his trenches, crossed the Chickahominy,
假装进军里士满，然后再向左移♥动♥到詹姆斯河。
feinted toward Richmond, then shifted left again to the James River.
他现在的目标是邦联首都以南的彼得斯堡，
His target now was Petersburg, south of the Confederate capital,
他希望在那里掐断李将军的补给线，摧毁南弗吉尼亚军团。
where he hoped to cut off Lee's supplies and destroy the army of Northern Virginia.
李将军第一次误判了格兰特的意图，
For the first time, Lee misjudged Grant's intentions,
把他的大部军队急调到里士满郊外，
rushing much of his army to the outskirts of Richmond
去抗击格兰特并未打算实施的进攻。
to meet an attack Grant did not plan to make.
相反，北军工兵只花了8个小时就架设了横跨詹姆斯河的浮桥。
Instead, Union engineers laid a pontoon bridge all the way across the James in just eight hours.
6月12日，波托马克军团的大队人马开始过河。
On June 12th, the massive army of the Potomac began to cross.
过河花了4天。
It took four days.
“格兰特将军，我开始看到希望。
"General Grant, I begin to see it.
“你会成功。
"You will succeed.
“上帝保佑你。
"God bless you.
A.林肯。”
A. Lincoln."
威廉.史密斯将军手下1万6千人率先抵达彼得斯堡。
16,000 Union troops under General William Smith were the first to reach Petersburg.
这座城市由博雷加德将军手下不到3千人的南军防卫。
The city was defended by fewer than 3,000 Confederates under General Beauregard.
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
史密斯行动缓慢的发起进攻。
Smith moved slowly to the attack.
赶来帮助他的援军在半路上迷失了方向。
reinforcements intended to aid him got lost on the way.
不过他傍晚时分的突击还是取得了进展。
Still, his late-afternoon assault made progress.
夜幕降临时，北军似乎已经唾手可得彼得斯堡。
When night fell, Petersburg seemed within the Union's grasp.
温菲尔德.斯科特.汉考克将军请求发动一波午夜攻势，
General Winfield Scott Hancock urged a moonlight assault,
但史密斯记起冷港的教训，婉言拒绝。
but Smith begged off, remembering Cold Harbor.
就在这天夜里，
During the night,
南军调来了增援部队。
Confederate reinforcements were brought up.
机会溜走了。
The opportunity was gone.
“士兵们怒不可遏。
"The rage of the enlisted men was devilish.
那天晚上我听见这辈子听过的最恶毒的咒骂。”
The most bloodcurdling blasphemy I ever listened to I heard that night."
6个星期里，格兰特和李几乎都被对方打残了，
In six weeks, Grant and Lee had all but crippled each other,
现在两方军队都在挖战壕，准备打围困战。
And now both armies dug in for a siege.
挖掘工作将会持续10个月。
The burrowing would go on for 10 months.
士兵们住在一条20英里长迷宫般的战壕里，
The men lived in a 20-mile labyrinth of trenches,
因苍蝇染上瘟疫，经受雨水和弗吉尼亚的烈日，
plagued by flies, open to rain and the fierce Virginia sun,
暴露在野战炮和迫击炮的火力之下。
and exposed to shell and mortar fire.
“没什么刺♥激♥点的事情，
"Nothing for excitement
“除了某些人被神枪手们一击毙命。
"except that a few were picked off by sharpshooters.
一种普遍的感觉是，或早或晚，
这种体验会降临到我们每一个人头上。”
A feeling prevails that sooner or later, this experience will befall us all."
列兵约翰.W.哈利
Private John W. Haley.
[枪声]
[gunfire]
约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦上校，葛底斯堡战役的英雄之一，
Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, one of the heroes of Gettysburg,
率领他的团参加一次对彼得斯堡的攻击。
led his regiment in an assault on Petersburg.
当他转身召集部下时，一颗子弹打穿了他的骨盆，
As he turned to rally his men, a bullet smashed through his pelvis,
切断了动脉，割开他的膀胱。
severed arteries, nicked his bladder.
他用一只手撑住佩剑倚靠着站定，
He stayed on his feet leaned on his sword with one hand
挥舞另一只手招呼他的手下，直到他们全部从身边过去。
and waved his men on with the other until they had all passed him by.
然后他倒在地上。
Then he sank to the ground.
医生们根本没想过他能活下来。
Doctors did not expect him to live.
为表彰他的勇气，格兰特把他火线擢升为准将。
In tribute to his courage, Grant promoted him on the field to Brigadier General.
第二天张伯伦的讣告出现在报纸上。
Chamberlain's obituary appeared in the newspapers the next day.
彼得斯堡战役是对双方士兵耐受力的崇高致敬。
Petersburg is a magnificent salute to the durability of men on both sides.
它是第一次世界大战堑壕战的一次预演。
It was just a rehearsal for World War I trench warfare,
他们出色的经受了考验，而在那场战争中士兵们始终如此。
and they stood up very well to it, but the soldiers always did in that war.
考虑到伤亡情况，这对我们来说几乎是难以置信的勇气。
It's, to us, an almost incredible bravery, considering the casualties.
“186♥4♥年6月23日。
"June 23, 186♥4♥.
“在这里，各种杀人的念头层出不穷。
"The demand down here for killing purposes is far ahead of the supply.
“感谢上帝，最后一个人被杀光时，战争就会结束。
"Thank God however for the consolation that when the last man is killed, the war will be over.
“这场战争不同以往的地方，就是没有战斗的目标。
"This war differs from all previous wars in having no object to fight for.
“只有某一方的人被杀光，才可能结束。
"It can't be finished until all the men on one side are killed.
“每一方都试图尽快杀光对方，
"both sides are trying to do that as fast as they can because
因为这种情况再拖上两三年，那就太悲催了。”
it would be a pity to spin this affair out for two or three years longer."
华盛顿.罗布林