美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E07

Part 2 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

“每个人都想表现得最好。
"every man tried to do his best.
“没有我们的帮助，要塞里的小股军队早就撑不住了。
"Without our help, the small force in the forts would have been overpowered.
“厄尔利应当一大早就进攻，
（厄尔利的名字英文意为“早”）
"Jubal Early should have attacked early in the morning,
但‘早’将军来晚了！”
but Early was late!"
与此同时，为了阻止威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼进击亚特兰大，
Meanwhile, to stop William Tecumseh Sherman's advance on Atlanta,
内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特也在运动中。
Nathan Bedford Forrest was also on the move.
你问的是...就某些方面而言，世界上最杰出的人。
You're asking about...the most man in the world, in some ways.
《内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特》
你问的是...就某些方面而言，世界上最杰出的人。
You're asking about...the most man in the world, in some ways.
《内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特》
福雷斯特是个纯粹的天才。
Forrest was a natural genius.
有人说，他生来就是要成为一个战士，
正如约翰.济慈生而为诗人。
Someone said that he was born to be a soldier the way John Keats was born to be a poet.
他有一些基本原则，把它们转述一下，
He had some basic principles that, when you translate them,
就非常适合放进军事手册。
they fit right into the army manual.
当他说，“派大部队首先占据那里。”
when he said, "get there first with the most men,"
他是说，“采取内线作战，使用优势兵力抵抗敌人。”
he's saying, "take the interior lines and bring superior force to bear."
他有些非常简单的原则。他常说，“打他们队伍后面”，
He had some very simple things. He used to say, "hit them on the end"
还常说，“队形保持成串”。
and he used to say, "keep up the skeer."
这些都是福雷斯特用他自己方式表述的良好军事原则。
and these are all good military principles expressed in Forrest's own way.
他能够望着一片地方，然后琢磨怎么加以利用。
And he was able to look at a piece of ground and see how to use it.
他对地形地貌有种非凡的感觉。
He had a marvelous sense of topography.
他能够看到一处阵地的关键点，知道从哪里去突破。
He could see the key to a position and know where to hit.
“福雷斯特，”威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼后来说，
"Forrest," William Tecumseh Sherman later said,
“他是内战双方产生的人才当中最为卓越的。”
"was the most remarkable man our Civil War produced on either side."
他是个没念书的铁匠的儿子。
He was the son of an illiterate blacksmith.
他设法让自己成为一个贩卖♥♥土地、棉花和奴隶的百万富翁。
He made himself a millionaire selling land, cotton, and slaves.
1861年，他作为一名列兵入伍，
In 1861, he enlisted as a private,
然后离开，自掏腰包建立和装备一整支骑兵营。
then quit to raise and equip an entire cavalry battalion out of his own pocket.
到战争结束时，他已经成为中将，
By the end of the war, He had become lieutenant general,
是战争双方唯一晋升幅度这么大的人。
the only man on either side to rise so far.
他是战争中最让人胆寒的骑兵指挥官，
He was the most feared cavalry commander of the war,
人称“马背上的巫师”，
the "wizard of the saddle,"
在战斗中负伤4次，
wounded 4 times in battle
并因他胯下的马被射杀而闻名。
and famous for having horses shot out from under him.
老贝德福德.福雷斯特是战争中最有传奇色彩的人。
Old Bedford Forrest he's the most colorful man in the war.
他比其他任何将军杀人都要多，
He killed more men than any other general officer ever has,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他比其他任何将军杀人都要多，
He killed more men than any other general officer ever has,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他胯下被射杀的马比其他任何指挥官都要多。
had more horses shot out from under him than any other officer ever had.
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他胯下被射杀的马比其他任何指挥官都要多。
had more horses shot out from under him than any other officer ever had.
他骑过的马，有30匹都因打仗被射杀。
He had 30 horses shot from under him because the war.
他在白刃战中杀过31人，他说，
“我是一匹率先冲向终点的马”。
and he killed 31 men in hand-to-hand combat, and he said, "I was a horse ahead at the end."
他是闪电袭击的大♥师♥，
He was a master of the lightning raid
也是一位赢取小概率胜利的专家。
and an expert at winning against long odds.
他打仗时，说“凭直觉”，
He fought his battles, he said, "by ear,"
能以惊人的准确性预见到敌人的行动。
and he could anticipate an enemy's movements with uncanny precision.
他只有一次在战斗中被偷袭。
He was only surprised in battle once.
那是在田纳西州一个叫帕克路口的地方。
It was a place called Parker's Crossroads up in Tennessee. He was on a raid,
他发动突袭，逼近一个对手，正准备要他的命，
and he was closing in on an opponent and fixing to finish him off
当时他不曾料到，几英里之内会有一支部队从背后向他进攻。
when he was attack in the rear by a force that he did not suspect was within many miles.
每个人都非常心慌，
everybody was terribly upset,
他们说，“将军，我们怎么办？”
and they said, "general, what shall we do?" and he said,
而他说，“兵分两路，分头杀出去。”
"split in two and charge both ways,"
于是照此行动，并且脱离险境。
and did and got out.
186♥4♥年6月，为了切断谢尔曼在密西西比州
In June 186♥4♥, in an attempt to cut off Sherman's supplies
图博洛附近的布莱斯路口的军需供应，
at Brice's crossroads near Tupelo, Mississippi,
福雷斯特甚至超水平发挥。
Forrest outdid even himself.
前来拦截他的北军兵力近乎是他的3倍，
The Union army coming to stop him was nearly 3 times as strong as his,
但福雷斯特毫无惧色。
but Forrest was unimpressed.
考虑到道路泥泞和6月中旬的烈日，
Factoring in the mud-clogged roads and the blazing mid-June sun,
他预测北军骑兵会远远赶在步兵的前头，
he predicted the Union cavalry would arrive well ahead of the Union infantry,
让他有时间按自己的想法来痛击他们。
giving him time to whip it on his own terms.
一切都按照他所说的发生了。
It all happened exactly as he said.
[炮火]
[cannon fire]
似乎没有哪支军队能够阻止他。
No army, it seemed, could stop him.
福雷斯特随心所欲的攻击谢尔曼的部队，
Forrest was free to slash at Sherman's forces,
减慢了他去往亚特兰大的步伐。
slowing his approach to Atlanta.
“福雷斯特必须被追剿和杀死，即使要耗费1万条命，
"Forrest must be hunted down and killed if it cost 10,000 lives
即使联邦财政破产。”
and bankrupts that Federal treasury."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼
William Tecumseh Sherman.
《186♥4♥年夏》
“谁能救活格兰特在战役开始时绽放的希望之花呢？
"Who shall revive the withered hopes that bloomed at the opening of Grant's campaign?
“所有人都厌倦了这个该死的悲剧。
"All are tired of this damnable tragedy.
“每时每刻我们都在陷入更深的破产和荒芜之中。”
"Each hour is but sinking us deeper into bankruptcy and desolation."
《纽约世界报》
New York World.
186♥4♥年的夏天是北方最黑暗的日子。
The summer of 186♥4♥ was the North's darkest hour.
格兰特的损失惊人。
Grant's losses had been appalling.
他的军队滞留在彼得斯堡前线，
His army was stalled in front of Petersburg,
他的宏大战略显然一无所获。
His grand strategy apparently come to nothing.
弗兰兹.西格尔的军队在谢南多厄溃败。
Franz Sigel's army had been routed in the Shenandoah.
本.巴特勒被压制在詹姆斯河的一个回环处，
Ben Butler was bottled up in a loop of the James River
名叫百慕大洪德。
called the Bermuda Hundred.
此外，谢尔曼将军也在亚特兰大城外一筹莫展。
Even William Tecumseh Sherman was stalled outside Atlanta.
“林肯先生败局已定。
"Mr. Lincoln is already beaten.
不可以让他连任，我们必须有另外一票。”
He cannot be re-elected, and we must have another ticket."
贺拉斯.格雷利
Horace Greeley.
没有哪个国家曾在内战当中举♥行♥过选举。
No nation had ever held an election in the midst of a civil war.
自安德鲁.杰克逊以来没有哪个总统连任过。
No President since Andrew Jackson had won a second term.
林肯获得提名后很久，
Long after Lincoln was nominated,
他自己党内的政客们仍希望重新开会，选出另一位候选人。
politicians in his own party still hoped to reconvene and pick another nominee.
甚至林肯也认为自己连任无望。
Even Lincoln believed his re-election unlikely.
“没有选举，就不会有自♥由♥的政♥府♥，
"We cannot have free government without elections,
“如果叛乱可以迫使我们放弃或推迟全国大选，
"and if the rebellion could force us to forego or postpone a national election,
那几乎可以宣布，我们已经被它征服和摧毁。”
it might fairly be claimed to have already conquered and ruined us."
亚伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln.
“经过4年失败的恢复联邦的战争尝试之后，
"After 4 years of failure to restore the Union by the experiment of war,
“我们要求立即作出努力，以停止敌对行为，
"we demand that immediate effort be made for a cessation of hostilities
时间越早越好。”
at the earliest practicable moment."
民♥主♥党全国论♥坛♥
Democratic National Platform.
无论胜利与否，民♥主♥党人只希望结束战争。
The democrats wanted an end to the war, with or without victory.
他们提名的是乔治.麦克莱伦将军，
Their nominee was general George McClellan,
自从林肯解除他的指挥权后，他的野心从未消减。
whose ambition had not shrunk since Lincoln removed him from command.
“麦克莱伦是我们的第一位总司令，
因此手下将士对他奉若神明。
"McClellan was our first commander, and as such, he was almost worshipped by his soldiers.
“麦克莱伦将军的政♥治♥伙伴非常明白这一点，
"The political friends of General McClellan well understood that fact,
他们提名他作为总统候选人是非常狡猾的。”
and it was a very crafty thing for them to nominate him as their candidate for the presidency."
南方欢庆麦克莱伦的提名。
The South rejoiced at McClellan's nomination.
副总统亚历山大.斯蒂芬斯说，
"The first ray of real light," Vice-President Alexander Stephens said,
“这是战争开始以来，第一缕明媚的阳光。”
"since the war began."
只要有可能，南方都会利用北方的反战情绪。
Wherever it could the South exploited antiwar feeling in the North.
南方邦联政♥府♥提供资金支持联邦的和平运动，
The Confederate government sent money to support the Union peace movement
把林肯描绘成好战的候选人。
and painted Lincoln as the candidate of war.
竞选过程非常丑陋。
The campaign was ugly.
民♥主♥党人指责老亚伯发动战争的真正目的是种族通婚，
Democrats charged that the real goal of old Abe's war was miscegenation,
发明了一个新词“黑白混合”。
a new word for the "blending of white and black."
共和党人指责民♥主♥党人叛国。
Republicans charged Democrats with treason.
186♥4♥年的总统大选
The 186♥4♥ presidential election
成了一场关于战争的全民公决。
had become a referendum on the war itself.
所有共和党人的言论，甚至下至地方一级，
All the word from all Republicans, even on the most local level,
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
所有共和党人的言论，甚至下至地方一级，
All the word from all Republicans, even on the most local level,
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
都表明林肯不可能获胜。
indicated that Lincoln couldn't possibly win.
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
对北方来说，战争的命运变得异常糟糕、异常恶化。
The fortunes of war had turned too badly, too sour for the Union.
斯蒂芬.奥兹历史学家
对北方来说，战争的命运变得异常糟糕、异常恶化。
The fortunes of war had turned too badly, too sour for the Union.
在一个非常凄凉的时刻，
At one really poignant moment,
林肯坐在他办公室的小天地里
Lincoln sat in the privacy of his office
思绪万千，觉得他可能不会再次当选，
contemplating the fact that he probably wasn't going to be re-elected
而麦克莱伦众望所归，将取代他成为总统。
and that McClellan, of all people, would replace him as President.
“今天早上，和过去几天一样，