美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E01

Part 10 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

他在没有国会同意的情况下宣战，
Waging war without congressional consent,
占领北方电报局大楼，
Seizing Northern telegraph offices,
暂停人身保护令。
Suspending habeas corpus.
为了阻止边界州继续脱离联邦，
To keep the border states from seceding,
林肯派兵占领了巴尔的摩，
Lincoln sent troops to occupy Baltimore
并将市长和19位分离主义立法委员
And clapped the mayor and 19 secessionist legislators
未经审判就关进监狱。
in jail without trial.
大♥法♥官坦尼判决认为，
Chief justice Taney ruled that
总统超越了他的权限。
the president had exceeded his power.
林肯未加理睬。
Lincoln simply ignored him.
他说，“人身保护令
"More rogues than honest men
保护的坏人比好人更多。”
find shelter under habeas corpus," He said,
他甚至想要逮捕大♥法♥官。
And even contemplated arresting the Chief Justice.
他是一位迷一样的人物，
A very mysterious man,
有很多不同的侧面。
He's got so many sides to him.
对我来说，林肯最让人称奇的，
The curious thing about Lincoln to me
是他能够从自身抽离出来，
is that he could remove himself from himself
就好象他站在体外看着自己。
as if he were looking at himself.
这很奇怪，非常诡异，
It's a very strange, very eerie thing
也是绝顶的智慧。
and highly intelligent.
这么说说很简单，
Such a simple thing to say,
但林肯一直都被淹没在有关他同情心的故事里，
but Lincoln's been so smothered with stories of his compassion,
很多人都忘了他是多么睿智的人，
that people forget what a highly intelligent man he was,
他做的所有事情——
And almost everything he did--
几乎所有事情他都估算过影响。
almost everything he did was calculated for effect.
“要让叛军和叛国者们明白，
"Teach the rebels and traitors
“想要废除这个政♥府♥，
"that the price they are to pay
“他们要付出的代价
"for the attempt to abolish this government
必定是废除奴隶制。”
must be the abolition of slavery."
弗雷德里克.道格拉斯
Frederick Douglass.
战争伊始，
From the start of the war,
奴隶们就纷纷从种植园中逃到联邦阵营，
slaves fled their plantations for the Union lines,
但林肯的政策非常清晰。
But Lincoln's policy was clear.
尽管受到废奴主义者的压力，
Despite pressure from the abolitionists,
他坚持说是向南方的分离开战，
he insisted he was making war on secession,
不是奴隶制。
not slavery.
并且命令军队
And ordered the army
将逃奴遣返给他们的主人。
to return fugitives to their owners.
然而，有一个意想不到的角色
But now, an unlikely figure
帮助改变了人们的想法。
helped to change men's minds.
本杰明.巴特勒将军是马萨诸塞州的政客，
General Benjamin Butler was a Massachusetts politician
处世圆滑，八面玲珑，
with crossed eyes and mixed motives
他曾经支持杰弗逊.戴维斯
who had once backed Jefferson Davis
竞选美国总统。
for president of the United States.
“遣返奴隶只会帮助敌人，”
"Returning slaves only aided the enemy,"
巴特勒抗♥议♥道，
Butler argued,
他得到批准将奴隶当作
And he got permission to hold fugitive slaves
“战时禁运品”扣押，
as contraband of war
并雇佣他们为北军工作。
And employ them as laborers in the Union army.
“弗吉尼亚的卡里少校
"Major Cary of Virginia
“问我是否认为自己被宪法义务所约束，
"asked if I did not feel myself bound by my constitutional obligations
“不得不根据《逃奴法》遣返逃奴。
"to deliver up fugitives under the Fugitive Slave Act.
“对此我的回答是，
"To this I replied that the Fugitive Slave Act
“《逃奴法》不适用于外国奴隶，
"did not affect a foreign country,
“而弗吉尼亚宣称脱离联邦，
"which Virginia claimed to be,
“他们必须承认这让自己处境尴尬。
"And she must reckon it one of the infelicities of her position.
这种情况下，他们可说是自食苦果。”
That insofar, at least, she was taken at her word."
本杰明.巴特勒将军
General Benjamin Butler.
逃向北方阵营的涓涓细流，
The trickle of runaways coming into Northern lines
逐渐泛滥成为洪水。
now swelled to a flood.
一位刚刚为自己赎身的奴隶
One ex-slave who had recently bought his freedom
告诉一位联邦士兵，
told a Union soldier,
“如果我早知道你们要来，
"If I had known you gun men was a-comin',
我就能省一笔赎身费了。”
I'd have saved my money."
战争正在全国范围内爆发。
War was breaking out all across the country.
在弗吉尼亚的大贝什尔和密苏里的布恩维尔
There were engagements at Big Bethel, Virginia,
发生了交火。
and Booneville, Missouri.
从马里兰州到新墨西哥准州也有小规模战斗。
skirmishes from Maryland to new Mexico territory.
在西弗吉尼亚的菲利比，
At Phillipi, in western Virginia,
一位年轻的联邦将军乔治.麦克莱伦
a young Union general George McClellan
对阵一小队南军赢得了
won a small, highly publicized victory
一场大肆报道的小胜。
over a tiny Confederate force.
但依然没有决定性的战役。
but still, there had been no decisive battle.
《马纳萨斯战役》
“7月9日。战争之夏。
"July 9. Our battle summer.
“也许这是第一次也是最后一次这么说。
"May it be our first and our last so-called.
毕竟我们没经历过战争的恐怖。”
After all, we've not had any of the horrors of war."
玛丽.切斯纳特
Mary Chesnut.
“7月16日。战争的气氛渐浓，
"July 16. It begins to look warlike,
“也许很快我们就能踏上
"And we shall probably have a chance
“弗吉尼亚神圣的土地。
"a visit upon the sacred soil of Virginia very soon.
“希望我们能获得胜利，
"I hope we shall be successful
给叛军沉重一击。”
and give the rebels a good pounding."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
7月16日，3万7千名
On July 16th, the volunteer Union army
联邦志愿兵进入弗吉尼亚。
of 37,000 men marched into Virginia.
他们的目标是截断马纳萨斯的铁路，
Their aim--to cut the railroad at Manassas,
然后继续进军，直指里士满。
then move on at last to Richmond.
《华盛顿明星报》——
Washington Star--
“从山上看下去的景象十分恢弘。
"The scene from the hills was grand.
“士兵们摩肩接踵的在路上行军，
"regiment after regiment was seen coming along the road
“跨过长长的大桥，
"and across the long bridge,
“他们的武器在阳光下熠熠生辉。
"Their arms gleaming in the sun.
“军团之间互相致意，欢呼声此起彼伏。
"Cheer after cheer was heard as regiment greeted regiment.
“伴随军乐声和军官们响亮清晰的指令声，
"with martial music and sharp, clear orders of commanding officers,
各种声音混合，令北军士兵感到
it made a combination of sounds very pleasant
非常悦耳动听。”
to the ear of a Union man."
为了抵挡北军入侵，
To stop the Union invasion,
2万2千人的南军从里士满向北开拔，
22,000 Confederate troops had moved north from Richmond
由博雷加德将军指挥，
commanded by General Beauregard,
他事先已得知北军正在赶来。
who knew in advance the federals were coming.
罗丝.格林豪，
Rose Greenhow,
一位华盛顿的社交名媛，
a prominent socialite in Washington
也是南军的间谍，已经向他发出预警。
and a Confederate spy, had alerted him.
博雷加德将指挥总部设立在
Now Beauregard made his headquarters
威尔默.麦克莱恩的农场中。
in Wilmer Mclean's farmhouse.
南军沿着蜿蜒的布尔溪
The Confederates formed a meandering 8-mile line
布下了8英里长的防线。
along one side of Bull Run creek.
此处距离华盛顿仅25英里，
They were less than 25 miles from Washington,
他们在此等候着。
and there they waited.
几百名怀着度假心情的华盛顿市民
Hundreds of Washingtonians in holiday mood
骑马驾车向马纳萨斯进发，
rode out to Manassas
期望能看见一场真正的战斗。
Hoping to see a real battle.
有些还带了望远镜、
Some brought field glasses,
野餐篮和香槟酒。
picnic baskets, bottles of champagne.
“我们看到马车中坐着平民，
"We saw carriages which contained civilians
“他们从华盛顿出发来见证这次战役。
"who'd driven out from Washington to witness the operations.
“一个康涅狄格州的小伙子说，
"A Connecticut boy said,
“里面有我们的州参议员，
there's our senator,
“还有人认出了几个国会议员。
"And some of our men recognized other members of congress.
“我们觉得这样也不坏，
"We thought it wasn't a bad idea
“让那些华盛顿的大人物来看看
"to have the great men from Washington
我们是怎样把叛军打个落花流水的。”
come out to see us thrash the rebs."
列兵詹姆斯.廷卡姆
Private James Tinkham.
21日清晨，
On the morning of the 21st,
麦克道尔派兵渡过了布尔溪，
Mcdowell sent his men across Bull Run
冲入了南军阵线的左翼，
they smashed into the left side of the Confederate line,
将叛军从一处驱赶到另一处。
driving the rebels from one position after another.
平民观众们挥舞着帽子和手绢欢呼。
The civilian onlookers waved hats and fluttered handkerchiefs.
这时还没到中午，
It was not yet noon,
一切进行的正如他们所愿。