美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E01

Part 3 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

奴隶制却仍是其遗产的一部分。
with slavery still a part of its heritage.
内战是因为我们没有做好
It was because we failed to do the thing
我们最擅长的事情，那就是妥协。
we really have a genius for, which is compromise.
美国人总喜欢标榜自己毫不妥协。
Americans like to think of themselves as uncompromising.
而我们真正的拿手的就在于妥协——
Our true genius is for compromise--
我们整个政♥府♥都是建立在这个基础上，
Our whole government's founded on it,
而这次却失败了。
and it failed.
“在我们的历史上，奴隶制
"There was never a moment in our history
“无时无刻不是一条沉睡的毒蛇。
"when slavery was not a sleeping serpent.
“它就盘绕在
"It lay coiled up under the table
“制宪会议的那个审议桌下。
（指1787年美国制宪会议）
"during the deliberations of the constitutional convention.
“轧棉机引发的危机已几乎唤醒这条毒蛇。
"Owing to the cotton gin, it was more than half awake.
“这条蛇已经半醒。
"It was more than half awake.
“奴隶制自此进入人们的视线，
"Thereafter, slavery was on everyone's mind,
“然而却并未广受关注。”
"though not always on his tongue."
约翰.杰伊.查普曼
（美国作家）
John Jay Chapman.
到了美国建国时期，
By the time the nation was founded,
北方的奴隶制正在消亡。
slavery was dying in the north.
南方对奴隶制也有质疑，
There were doubts in the south, too,
但却很少有人能想出别的办法。
but few could conceive of any alternative.
弗吉尼亚的托马斯.杰弗逊说，
（美国第3任总统，《独♥立♥宣言》起草人）
Thomas Jefferson of Virginia said maintaining slavery
保留奴隶制就象揪着耳朵抓住一只狼。
was like holding a wolf by the ears.
虽然不喜欢，
You didn't like it,
却又不敢放开它。
but you didn't dare let it go.
随后在1793年，一位北方人伊莱.惠特尼
Then in 1793, a northerner, Eli Whitney,
又让南方因蓄奴损失惨重。
taught the south how to make slavery pay.
惠特尼的轧棉机，
Whitney's engine, or gin,
使得棉花和种子分离更为容易。
made it easier to separate cotton from its seed.
在此之前一个奴隶，
Where before it had taken one slave 10 hours
花10小时才能产出1磅棉绒，
to produce a single pound of lint,
而轧棉机一天就能产出上千磅。
The cotton gin could crank out a thousand pounds a day.
产量飙升...
Production soared...
随之而来的还有奴隶的需求量。
And with it, the demand for slaves.
到1860年，战前的最后一年，
By 1860, the last year of peace,
每7个美国人中就有1人
one out of every 7 Americans
属于另外一个美国人。
belonged to another American.
400万男女老少世代为奴。
4 million men, women, and children were slaves.
《我们是自♥由♥的吗？》
在1831年的波士顿，
In Boston in 1831,
威廉.洛伊德.加里森宣称
claiming "That which is not just is not law,"
“非正义即不合法”，并开始出版
William Lloyd Garrison began publishing
一份反奴隶制的激进报纸《解放者报》。
a militant, antislavery newspaper, the Liberator.
他呼吁立即完全废除奴隶制。
He called for complete and immediate abolition.
“我非常认真。
"I am in earnest.
“我不会含糊其词。
"I will not equivocate.
“我不找借口。
"I will not excuse.
“我不会后退半步，
"I will not retreat a single inch,
“我的声音终会被听到。”
"And I will be heard."
他确实被听到了，
He was heard,
他要传达的讯息很明确——
and his message was clear--
奴隶制是一种罪恶...
Slavery was sin...
奴隶交易所
而蓄奴之人，则是罪犯。
And those who maintained it, criminals.
废奴运动在积极分子的激励下，
The abolition movement grew,
如火如荼地展开——
inspired by passionate leaders--
哈丽特.塔博曼，奴隶们称她为“摩西”，
Harriet Tubman, called "Moses" by the slaves
并追随她逃往北方追寻自♥由♥；
who followed her north to freedom;
温德尔.菲利普斯，
Wendell Phillips,
因其雄辩的废奴主义演说被称为“金号♥手”；
named "The golden trumpet" of abolitionism for his oratory;
以及一名奴隶与白人的儿子，
and Frederick Douglass,
弗雷德里克.道格拉斯。
the son of a slave and a white man.
“这天晚上
"I appear this evening
“我是一个窃贼和劫匪。
"as a thief and robber.
“我从主人那里
"I stole this head, these limbs,
“偷走头颅、四肢以及躯体，
"this body from my master
“并带着它们一起逃走。”
"and ran off with them."
道格拉斯的非凡口才，
Douglass was so eloquent that skeptics charged
使得怀疑者指控他没有做过奴隶。
he could never have been a slave.
为了证明他们的错误，
In part to prove them wrong,
他还写了一部自传，
he wrote an autobiography,
并用从英国仰慕者那里得来的600美元赎身，
purchased his freedom with $600 obtained from English admirers,
然后又回到斗争中去。
and returned to the struggle.
南方人注意打倒鼓吹废奴的出版社
今晚8点在施耐德之家举♥行♥会议 1860年12月26日
“废奴将会使黑人
"The abolitionists would raise the negroes
南方人注意打倒鼓吹废奴的出版社
今晚8点在施耐德之家举♥行♥会议 1860年12月26日
“在社会政♥治♥方面与白人平起平坐。
"to a social and political equality with the whites.
南方人注意打倒鼓吹废奴的出版社
今晚8点在施耐德之家举♥行♥会议 1860年12月26日
“在社会政♥治♥方面与白人平起平坐。
"to a social and political equality with the whites.
“一旦废奴阴谋得逞，
"And, that being effected, we would soon see
“我们将很快见到命运逆转。
"the present condition of the two races reversed.
“黑奴和他们的北方盟友会成为主人，
"They and their northern allies would be the masters,
“而我们则沦为奴隶。”
"and we the slaves."
约翰.C.卡尔霍恩
（南方议员、政♥治♥家）
John C. Calhoun.
越来越多的南方人对北方
More and more southerners worried about the growing political
日益强大的政♥治♥经济力量感到担忧。
as well as economic power of the north.
北方人则对奴隶制越来越敌对，
Northerners were increasingly hostile to slavery.
而大多数南方人拒绝改变生活方式，
Still, most southerners refused to acknowledge
甚至连这种可能性都拒绝承认。
even the possibility of changing their way of life.
“俄亥俄河的北岸，
"On the north bank of the Ohio,
“是一幅蓬勃的工业生产景象。
"everything is activity, industry.
“劳动者受到尊重。没有奴隶的存在。
"Labor is honored. There are no slaves.
“而转向南岸，
"Pass to the south bank
“眼前景象变化之剧，
"and the scene changes so suddenly
“甚至让人以为置身世界的另一端。
"that you think yourself on the other side of the world.
“开拓进取的精神荡然无存。”
"The enterprising spirit is gone."
亚历西斯.德.托克维尔
（法国著名历史学家）
Alexis de Tocqueville.
“我们因为性情不和而分开。
"We are separated because of incompatibility of temper.
“我们将北方与南方生生拆开，
"We are divorced north from south
“因为我们彼此仇恨。”
"because we hated each other so."
玛丽.切斯纳特
（南方女作家）
Mary Chesnut.
在1837年11月7日的明朗月夜，
On the clear, moonlit night of November 7th, 1837,
一群暴徒包围了伊利诺伊州奥尔顿的一座仓库，
a mob surrounded a warehouse at Alton, Illinois,
企图摧毁这家由深受敬仰的以利亚.洛夫乔伊
intent on destroying an antislavery newspaper
兴办的反奴隶制报纸。
run by the reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy.
其中一名暴徒企图放火时，
When one of the mob moved to set the building on fire,
手持手♥枪♥的洛夫乔伊出来阻止他。
Lovejoy, armed with a pistol, came out to stop him.
那些奴隶制的拥护者杀死了他，
The slavery men shot him dead
并将他的印刷机扔进密西西比河。
and dumped his printing press into the Mississippi.
消息传出，全国震惊——
The news stunned the nation--
一名白人因抵♥制♥黑人奴隶制而丧生。
a white man had been killed over black slavery.
抗♥议♥集♥会♥在整个北方此起彼伏。
Protest meetings were held throughout the north.
一名废奴主义者写道，
One abolitionist wrote that
“成千上万以为自己
"Thousands of our citizens
“与奴隶制毫不相干的公民，
"who lately believed they had nothing to do with slavery
“开始认识到自己的错误。”
now begin to discover their error."
在俄亥俄州的哈德逊，
In Hudson, Ohio,
一名牧师在一场教会集♥会♥上说，
a clergyman told a church gathering,
“我们面临的问题
"The question now before us
“不再是能否给奴隶以自♥由♥，
"is no longer, can slaves be made free,
“而是，我们是自♥由♥的吗，
"But, are we free,
“或者，我们是暴徒法则下的奴隶吗？”
or are we slaves under mob law?"
在教堂后面，一个奇特而枯瘦的人，
In the back of the church, a strange, gaunt man
站起来并举起他的右手。
rose to his feet and raised his right hand.
“我今日在此，当着上帝和所有见证者之面，
"Here, before god, in the presence of these witnesses,
“将我的生命
"I consecrate my life
“奉献给摧毁奴隶制。”
"to the destruction of slavery."
约翰.布朗
John Brown.
《裂开的房♥子》
1846年，一名伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德的律师