美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E04

Part 3 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

After the battle of Fredericksburg, the Confederates went back into the town.
他们看到了北军占领期间所有的破坏行径。
They saw all the damage that had been done during the Union occupation of the town.
那是巨大的损失，完全的蓄意破坏。
It was a great deal of damage, real vandalism.
他们感到震惊，有位杰克逊的参谋人员说，
And they were shocked, and someone on Jackson's staff said,
“我们该怎样杜绝这种行为呢？”
"How are we going to put an end to all this kind of thing?"
杰克逊说，“杀了他们，全都杀了。”
And Jackson said, "Kill them. Kill them all."
“克拉克斯维尔。
"Clarksville.
“那些可憎的炮艇。
"Those hateful gunboats.
“它们看起来象来自地狱。
"They looked like they were from the lower regions.
“这是第2个晚上了，
"Now this is the second night
“4艘炮艇停泊在我们房♥子对面的河里。
"that four of them have been anchored in the river opposite our house.
我看见人们象许多黑蛇一样在船上爬来爬去。”
I see the men crawling about on the boats like so many black snakes."
南妮.哈斯金斯
Nannie Haskins
1500名北军现在驻扎在田纳西州的克拉克斯维尔，
1,500 Union men were now stationed at Clarksville, Tennessee.
任何人没有军事通行证不得出入镇子，
No one could enter or leave the town without a military pass.
D.N.肯尼迪夫人写信给她在乔治亚州的丈夫，
"Every day," Mrs. D.N. Kennedy wrote her husband in Georgia,
“每一天管制都在加强。”
"The reigns are tightened."
在缅因州迪尔岛，列兵哈尔顿.鲍尔斯的父母
On Deer Isle, Maine, the parents of private Harlton Powers
得知儿子在弗雷德里克斯堡失踪者之列。
learned that he was among the missing at Fredericksburg.
实际上，他的战友确信他已经死了，
In fact, his fellow soldiers were certain he was dead,
但无法在那些肿胀、变黑的
but he been unable to recognize his body
北军尸体中认出他来。
among the swollen, blackened Union corpses.
他的父亲把一块石头放在
His father placed a stone to his memory anyway
西南港的一个小公墓里纪念他。
in the little cemetery at Southwest Harbor.
列兵阿尔弗雷德.罗宾斯，在去路易斯安那州
Private Alfred Robbins, age 20, collapsed and died
哈德逊港附近的营地寄信途中晕倒身亡。
while on his way to mail a letter in camp near port Hudson, Louisiana.
死因至今不明。
The cause was never discovered.
3月，法纳姆.哈斯克尔下士的棺木从路易斯安那运回家，
In March, Corporal Farnum Haskell's coffin came home from Louisiana
葬在亚当斯山公墓，
and was buried at Mount Adams cemetery,
尽管要在冻结的地面上挖一个坟墓非常困难。
despite the great difficulty of digging a grave in the frozen ground.
在1863年漫长、寒冷、多雨的冬天里，
During the long, cold, rainy winter of 1863,
南军蜷缩在田纳西州图拉荷马附近的
Confederate forces huddled in defensive positions
鸭子河以南的防御阵地上。
south of the Duck River near Tullahoma, Tennessee.
邦联军官们喜欢这样解释，图拉荷马
Confederate officers liked to explain that Tullahoma
出自希腊单词tulla，意思是泥巴，
came from the Greek Word tulla, meaning mud,
以及homa，意思是更多泥巴。
and Homa, meaning more mud.
南军正在行动。
The Confederacy was on the move.
南军约翰.C.彭博顿将军击退了试图攻占
Confederate General John c. Pemberton beat back Union forces
维克斯堡以北的契卡索断崖的联邦军队。
trying to take the Chickasaw Bluffs north of Vicksburg.
约翰.摩根的邦联骑兵奇袭肯塔基，
John Morgan's Confederate cavalry raided Kentucky,
焚烧桥梁，扭断铁轨，劫走了2千名联邦囚犯。
burning bridges, twisting train tracks, and taking 2,000 Union prisoners.
内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特所到之处都让北军抓狂——
And Nathan Bedford Forrest was driving the Union army mad everywhere he went--
盗取马匹，掠夺补给线，
stealing horses, harrying supply lines,
进攻兵力4倍于他的北军，然后不知所踪。
attacking armies four times the strength of his, then disappearing without a trace.
两周之内，福雷斯特偷了1万支步♥枪♥，
In two weeks, Forrest stole 10,000 rifles,
捣毁了价值3百万美元的装备，
wrecked $3 million worth of equipment,
切断了U.S.格兰特的生命线，迫使他撤退。
cut U.S. Grant's life lines, and forced him to retreat.
在德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿，约翰.B.马格鲁德将军
俘获了北军的一支小舰队。
In Texas, General John B. Magruder captured a Union flotilla at Galveston.
炮击结束后，南军的A.M.利少校
After the bombardment was over, Confederate Major A.M. Lea
登上受损严重的联邦哈里特.琳恩号♥战舰。
went aboard the badly hit U.S.S. Harriet Lane.
在船上他发现他儿子，一位联邦海军中尉，死在甲板上。
There he found his son, a Federal lieutenant, dying on the deck.
“1月24日，法尔茅斯附近。
"January 24, near Falmouth.
“天光下呈现出一幕奇怪的景象。
"Daylight showed a strange scene.
“士兵，战马，火炮，浮桥和货车困在烂泥里。
"Men, horses, artillery, pontoons, and wagons were stuck in the mud.
“叛军树起一块牌子标记，伯恩赛德陷在泥里。
"Rebels put up a sign marked, Burnside stuck in the mud.
我们能和叛军打仗，但不是在烂泥里。”
We can fight rebels but not in the mud."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes
《哦，永远快乐》
“我希望你能亲耳听到约书亚发号♥施令，
"I wish you could hear Joshua give off a command
“看他骑着白马沿着军营奔驰。
"and see him ride along the battalion on his white horse.
“他看上去如此威风凛凛。
"He looked so splendidly.
他昨晚告诉我，他这辈子从未感觉这么良好。”
He told me last night that he never felt so well in his life."
汤姆.张伯伦
（约书亚.张伯伦的弟弟）
Tom Chamberlain
“奇怪的是，靠着吃虫子过活，我竟然长了12磅。”
"What makes it strange is that I should have gained 12 pounds living on worms."
“我们住在这里意味着满是虫子的硬面包，肉食恶臭无比。
"We live so mean here that hard bread is all worm, and the meat stinks like hell.
“每周有2到3次吃米饭，里面的虫子有我手指那么长。
"and rice two or three times a week, and worms as long as your finger.
我以前喜欢米饭，但现在恨死这东西。”
I liked rice once, but God damn the stuff now."
“如果有人掰碎硬饼干
"It was no uncommon occurrence
“放进他的一壶咖啡里，看到咖啡表面
"for a man to find the surface of his pot of coffee
“有象鼻虫在游泳，那真不是什么稀罕事。
"swimming with weevils after breaking up hardtack in it,
“但这些虫子很容易撇去，
"but they were easily skimmed off
不会留下什么特殊风味。”
and left no distinctive flavor behind."
“告诉妈，我经常想吃她做的豆子和甘蓝，
"Tell Ma that I think of her beans and collards often and wish for some,
但许愿没什么用。”
but wishing does no good."
本杰明.富兰克林.杰克逊
Benjamin Franklin Jackson
联邦军队配发豆子、培根；
Union troops were issued beans, bacon,
腌牛肉，被称为“军用咸肉”；
pickled beef--called salt horse by the men--
脱水压缩的混合蔬菜；
desiccated, compressed mixed vegetables, and hardtack
硬饼干，一种方形的用面粉和水制成的饼干，
--square flour and water biscuits hard enough, some said,
有人说，硬的能挡子弹。
they could stop bullets.
在南军部队里，他们吃一种叫“细路食”的东西。
In the Southern army, you ate something called sloosh.
你拿到配给的玉米粉和培根，你用油炸培根，
You got issued cornmeal and bacon, and you fried the bacon,
这样在平底锅里留下很多的油。
which left a great deal of grease in the pan.
然后你加入玉米粉，在油里搅动，做成面团。
Then you took the cornmeal and swirled it around in the grease to make the dough.
然后你可以把面团搓成细长条，
then you might take the dough and make a snake of it
绕在你的步♥枪♥通条上，放在篝火上烤。
and put it around your ramrod and cook it over the campfire.
这就叫“细路食”。他们吃了很多这种东西。
That was called sloosh. They ate a lot of that.
咖啡是两方军队的首选饮料。
Coffee was the preferred drink of both armies.
北军用他们的枪托碾碎咖啡豆，
Union troops crushed the beans with their rifle butts,
每天喝4品脱咖啡——
drank four pints of it a day--
有人说，浓得可以浮起铁坨子。
strong enough, one man said, to float an iron wedge.
当他们无法生火时，他们满足于嚼咖啡粉末。
When they could not build a fire, were content to chew the grounds.
南军凑合着用一种花生、土豆和菊苣调制的代用品。
Southerners made do with substitutes brewed from peanuts, potatoes, and chicory.
“我们一直靠你寄来的那些盒子里的东西活着。
"We have been living on the contents of those boxes you sent to us.
“除了那些卡片饼干，什么都没糟蹋。
"Nothing was spoiled except that card of biscuits.
“饼干是模子压出来的，但大半也被我们用汤泡着吃了。
"Those were molded some, but we used over half of them in a soup.
“替我好好感谢伯蒂克斯先生，也谢谢马克森夫人送的馅饼，
"Thank Mr. Berdicts a thousand times for me, also Mrs. Maxson for those pies,
“还有那些一流的煎饼、姜饼和干果，都很好吃，
"and those fried cakes and gingersnaps first-rate and the dried berries, they're nice,
牛肉干和苹果汁也都是一流的。”
and the dried beef and apple sauce that was first-rate."
“没有什么比酗酒这种可耻的恶习更妨碍这支军队。
"No one agent so much obstructs this army as the degrading vice of drunkenness.
全面禁酒的作用能抵得上5万联邦陆军。”
Total abstinence would be worth 50,000 men to the armies of the United States."
乔治.麦克莱伦将军
General George McClellan
如果士兵没法买♥♥到酒，那就制♥造♥。
If a soldier couldn't buy it, he made it.
一个北军配方需要用到树皮汁、焦油水、
One Union recipe called for bark juice, tar water,
松节油、红糖、灯油和酒精。
turpentine, brown sugar, lamp oil, and alcohol.
南方人有时加入生肉，混合发酵1个月左右，
Southerners sometimes dropped in raw meat and let the mixture ferment for a month or so
以增加某位老兵记忆中的“古老醇香口感”。
to add what one veteran remembered as "an old and mellow taste."
军人们把他们自酿的酒叫作“诺卡姆烈酒”、
“爆裂头骨”和“哦，永远快乐”。
The men called their home brew "nockum stiff," "pop skull," and "oh! be joyful."
“我邀请战友陪我喝光了3水壶的‘哦，永远快乐’，
"I invited my comrades to assist me in emptying three canteens of oh! be joyful,
“接着整晚余下的时间都在唱歌♥。
"then spent the balance of the evening singing.
后来我们尽兴而别。”
then we parted in good spirits."
1863年3月，约翰.莫斯比的南军游骑兵
In March 1863, John Mosby's Confederate rangers
突袭了弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯法♥院♥，俘虏了2名上尉、
raided Fairfax courthouse, Virginia, capturing two captains,
30名列兵、58匹马和埃德温.斯托顿准将。
30 privates, 58 horses, and brigadier general Edwin Stoughton.
“对此我感到遗憾，”林肯得知此事时说，
"For that I am sorry," Lincoln said when told of the capture,
因为我可以制♥造♥一批准将，我却造不出那些马。”
for I can make Brigadier generals, but I can't make horses."
整个战争期间，莫斯比将军让北军指挥官们苦不堪言。
General Mosby had made life miserable for northern commanders throughout the war.
在罗伯特.李的战报中，没有哪个南方军官
No other Confederate officer was mentioned favorably
如约翰.辛格尔顿.莫斯比那样屡获赞赏。
as many times in Robert E. Lee's dispatches as John Singleton Mosby.
南军没有勋章，
There were no medals in the Confederate army,
整个战争过程中一枚都没有。
not one in the whole course of the war.
南方对此作出的解释是，他们全都是英雄，
The Confederate reason for that given was that they were all heroes,
没有必要突出哪一个。
and it would not do to single anyone out.
他们并不全都是英雄，
They were not all heroes,
但有人向李将军建议，
But there was a suggestion, made to Lee
应该有一个北弗吉尼亚军团的荣誉名册。
that there be a roll of honor for the army of northern Virginia.
李将军不同意。
Lee disallowed it.
在南军能得到的最高奖赏，
The highest honor you could get in the Confederate army
就是在战报里被点名。
was to be mentioned in dispatches.
那被认为已经足够。