美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E08

Part 1 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

“我们认为北方取得胜利最顺应人心。
"We believed that it was most desirable that the North should win.
“我们深信这样的原则，联邦不可脱离。
"We believed in the principle that the Union is insoluble.
“至少我们之中的许多人还认为，冲突是不可避免的。
"We, or many of us at least, also believed that the conflict was inevitable.
“奴隶制已经延续了足够久，
"And that slavery had lasted long enough,
“但我们同样认为，那些站出来反对我们的人，
"but we equally believed that those who stood against us
“只是持有与我们相反的神圣信仰，
"held just as sacred convictions that were the opposite of ours,
“将心比心，我们尊重他们，
"and we respected them as every man with a heart,
必须尊重那些为信仰付出一切的人。”
must respect those who give all for their belief."
奥利弗.温德尔.霍姆斯
（美国著名大♥法♥官）
Oliver Wendell Holmes.
我们是内战老兵，
We are the veterans of the Civil War,
1861年到65年服役。
'61 to '65.
这面旗帜属于纽约霍金斯义勇军。
This flag is of the Hawkins' zouaves, New York.
现在敬礼。
Now salute.
作为一个南方人，我要说
As a Southerner, I would say
战争主要的影响之一就是，
one of the main importances of the war is that
南方人有了一种失败感，
Southerners have a sense of defeat,
而这个国家其他地方的人没有。
uh, which, uh, none of the rest of the country has.
谢尔比.富特作家
而这个国家其他地方的人没有。
uh, which, uh, none of the rest of the country has.
谢尔比.富特作家
你看过电影《巴顿将军》。
You see in the movie Patton.
谢尔比.富特作家
你看过电影《巴顿将军》。
You see in the movie Patton.
扮演巴顿的演员说，“我们美国人从未输过一场战争。”
The actor who plays Patton saying, "We Americans have never lost a war."
对巴顿来说，作出这样的表述很让人惊讶，
That's a rather amazing statement for him to make as Patton
因为巴顿的祖父曾在李的北弗吉尼亚军团效力，
because Patton's grandfather was in Lee's army of Northern Virginia,
对巴顿来说，作出这样的表述很让人惊讶，
That's a rather amazing statement for him to make as Patton
因为巴顿的祖父曾在李的北弗吉尼亚军团效力，
because Patton's grandfather was in Lee's army of Northern Virginia,
他当然输掉过一场战争。
and he certainly lost a war.
《美国内战》
第8集
在1865年的南非，白人将巴苏陀部落赶出他们的土地。
In 1865 in South Africa, whites drove the Basuto tribe from their land.
在阿富汗，俄♥国♥♥军♥队在边界沿线调动，
In Afghanistan, Russian troop movements along the border
引起国际社会的很大关注。
were a cause of great international concern.
在奥地利一间修道院，
At a monastery in Austria,
格雷戈尔.孟德尔发现了遗传原理，
Gregor Mendel established the principle of heredity,
而在爱尔兰，诗人威廉.巴特勒.叶芝诞生。
and in Ireland, the poet William Butler Yeats was born.
在1865年的美国，萨缪尔.克莱门斯
出版了他的第一部短篇小说集，
In 1865 in America, Samuel Clemens published his first short story
用的笔名是马克.吐温。
as Mark Twain.
废除奴隶制的宪法第13修正案获得正式批准，
The 13th amendment, abolishing slavery, was formally ratified,
三K党成立。
and the Ku Klux Klan was formed.
1860年，这个国家3100万人♥民♥中的大多数
In 1860, most of the nation's 31 million people
与世无争的生活在农场或小镇。
lived peaceably on farms or in small towns.
到1865年，一切都变了。
By 1865, everything had changed.
马里兰州夏普斯堡。
Sharpsburg, Maryland.
弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克堡。
Fredericksburg, Virginia.
田纳西州默夫里斯伯勒。
Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡。
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
密西西比州维克斯堡。
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
乔治亚州亚特兰大。
Atlanta, Georgia.
到1865年初，南方邦联岌岌可危。
By the beginning of 1865, the Confederacy was dying.
在西边，只有田纳西军团的南军还在苟延残喘。
To the west, only the tattered Confederate army of Tennessee remained.
该团士兵，例如山姆.沃特金斯，
Its soldiers, like Sam Watkins,
更忧心的是食物、毯子和鞋，而不是战斗。
worried more about food and blankets and shoes than fighting.
在匹兹堡城外，以利沙.亨特.罗德斯以及
另外12万北军士兵挖掘战壕，
Outside Pittsburg, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and 120,000 other Union troops were dug in,
还无法赶走顽固的叛军。
unable to dislodge the stubborn rebel army.
亚特兰大城已被夷为平地，
Atlanta had been razed,
乔治亚和南北卡罗莱纳孤立无援的
处在谢尔曼前进的道路上。
and Georgia and the Carolinas lay helpless in William Tecumseh Sherman's path.
新年伊始，罗伯特.李接管了南方所有军队的指挥权，
As the new year began, Robert E. Lee assumed command of all southern forces
同时承担起击退从四面八方逼近的庞大北军的
and, with it, the hopeless task of hurling back the huge Union armies
毫无希望的任务。
now closing in from every side.
随着胜利在望，
With victory within his grasp,
亚伯拉罕.林肯期待着第2个总统任期的到来，
Abraham Lincoln looked forward to a second Presidential term
以及一个新的挑战——
and a new challenge--
治愈这个他曾为重新联合而努力奋斗过的国家。
healing the nation he had struggled so hard to reunite.
“这是美国历史上最伟大和最感人的篇章，
"Here was the greatest and most moving chapter in American history,
“包含着卑劣与崇高，一个结局和一个开始。
"a blending of meanness and greatness, an ending and a beginning.
“它源于人类的本性，
"It came out of what men were,
“但并没有按人类计划的那样发展。
"but it did not go as men had planned.
“所有人当中，
"Of all men,
“亚伯拉罕.林肯最接近于懂得发生过什么。
"Abraham Lincoln came the closest to understanding what had happened.
“然而即便是他，当他最后回眸时，
"Yet even he, in his final backward glance,
“也不得不承认在这片土地上，
有些无法言喻的东西在主宰着一切。
"had to confess that something that went beyond words had been at work in the land."
万能的上帝有他自己的目的。”
The almighty had his own purposes."
布鲁斯.卡顿
（美国历史学家）
Bruce Catton.
1865年
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
1865年
1865年
《战争就是地狱》
1865年
1865年
《战争就是地狱》
“我的目标是痛击叛军，
"My aim was to whip the rebels,
“让他们威风扫地，
"to humble their pride,
“穷追不舍直到他们内心最深处，让他们敬畏我们。
to follow them to their innermost recesses, and to make them fear and dread us.
“战争是残酷的。
"War is cruelty.
“没有必要改良它。
"There's no use trying to reform it.
战争越是残酷，就会越快结束。”
The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼
William Tecumseh Sherman.
“战争就是地狱，”
"War is all hell,"
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼曾这样说，
William Tecumseh Sherman once said,
现在他的目标，就是让地狱降临到南方邦联的中心。
and it was now his aim to bring that hell to the heart of the Confederacy.
他从一开始就明白
He saw from the very beginning
一场战争会有多么艰难，
how hard a war it was going to be,
当他说一场战争如何艰难时，
and when he said how hard a war it was going to be,
他在疑似精神错乱的状况下退役回家，
he was retired under suspicion of insanity
然后又在人们觉得他其实可能没疯的时候回到部队。
and then brought back when they decided maybe he wasn't so crazy after all.
谢尔曼也许是第一位真正的现代将军。
Sherman is maybe the first truly modern general.
他第一个懂得，
He was the first one to understand,
在当今世界，老百姓是一切事物的靠山，
in the present-day world, that civilians were the backers-up of things
如果你针对平民，你就夺走了军队的生存所需，
and that if you went against civilians, you deprived the army of what kept it going,
所以他故意使战争针对平民进行。
so he quite purposely made war against civilians.
《谢尔曼的征程》
186♥4♥年末，
From Atlanta in late 186♥4♥,
谢尔曼提出从亚特兰大出发，穿过乔治亚州中心地带，
一路挺进到萨凡纳。
Sherman proposed to march his army through the heart of Georgia all the way to Savannah.
他的军队将以搜刮这片土地为生，
His army would live off the land,
沿路摧毁一切能想得到的
destroying everything in its path
对摇摇欲坠的南方邦联有所帮助的东西，
that could conceivably aid the faltering Confederacy
还有许许多多毫无帮助的东西。
and a good deal that couldn't.
他保证，“我可以发起这次远征，让乔治亚哭嚎。”
"I can make this march," he promised, "and make Georgia howl."
林肯的顾问认为谢尔曼的计划是蛮干。
Lincoln's advisors thought Sherman's plan foolhardy.
总统通过了这个计划。
The President approved it.
谢尔曼告诉格兰特，“如果你能把罗伯特.李打趴下，
而我能远征到大西洋，”
"If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic," Sherman told Grant,
“我想亚伯大叔会给我们20天假，回去看看小家伙们。”
"I think uncle Abe will give us 20 days' leave to see the young folks."
“有传言说我们要信马由缰，向南走到海里去。
"There are rumors that we are to cut loose and march south to the ocean.
我想我们状态很好，可以去比利大叔引去的任何地方。”
We're in fine shape and, I think, could go anywhere uncle Billy would lead."
列兵西奥多.厄普森
Private Theodore Upson.
离开亚特兰大前，
Before leaving Atlanta,
谢尔曼下令所有市民，无论黑人还是白人，
离开他们的家园，
Sherman ordered all townspeople, white and black, out of their homes,
然后命人焚烧或捣毁任何对叛军有用的东西。
then directed his men to burn or destroy anything of use to the rebels.
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
平民们洗劫了城市，并帮着将大火烧遍全城。
Civilians looted the town and helped spread the blaze throughout the city.
“一幅壮丽而可怕的奇观展现旁观者面前，
"A grand and awful spectacle is presented to the beholder
“这座美丽的城市，现在处于烈焰之中。
"in this beautiful city, now in flames.
“天空变成一片血红的火海。
"The heaven is one expanse of lurid fire.
“空气中充满了飞扬的灰烬。
"The air is filled with flying cinders.
“这座紧邻里士满的城市，
"The city which, next to Richmond,
“提供了比南方任何其他城市都要多的控诉战争的材料...
"has furnished more material for prosecuting the war than any other in the South..."
不再作为一种可被联邦的敌人所用的伤害手段而存在。”
Exists no more as a means for injury to be used by the enemies of the Union."
谢尔曼开始了他的征程。
Sherman began his march.
6万2千名蓝制♥服♥军人分成两列巨大纵队行进。