美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E06

Part 6 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

Washington Roebling.
“亲爱的亨利，
"Dear Henry,
“我觉得比前段时间更加孤独和悲伤。
"I feel more lonely and sad than I have been in some time.
“哦，我知道这场可怕的冲突结局会是什么。”
"Oh, that I knew what the termination of this awful conflict would be."
“亨利，
"Henry,
“我想见你，但你不在这里。
"I want to see you, but don't you come.
“投入战斗吧，即使要历时40年。
"join for the war if 'tis 40 years.
“如果你战死了，那是最光荣的牺牲。
"If you get killed, just the most honorable death.
“如果你幸存下来，我会万分欣喜。
"If you escape, I will rejoice.
我依然爱你。”
I love thee still."
莫莉.范登堡
Mollie Vanderberg.
“我们流血、破产、濒死的国家渴望着和平，
"Our bleeding, bankrupt, almost dying country longs for peace,
“对进一步大规模破坏和
"Shudders at the prospect of further wholesale devastation,
血流成河的前景感到战栗。”
of new rivers of human blood."
贺拉斯.格雷利
（《纽约先驱论♥坛♥报》创始人）
Horace Greeley.
《把我钉起来》
“到了晚上，
"At night,
“我的病房♥变得象地下坟场里的昏暗洞穴，
"my ward became like the dim caverns of the catacombs, where,
“这里并非充斥着进入最后安息的死者，
"instead of the dead in their final rest,
“而是发着高烧行将就木的躯体
"There were wasted figures burning with fever
“因骨头碎裂之痛发出胡言乱语，
"and raving from the agony of splintered bones,
“被身体里各种像是原本就有的病痛，折磨得辗转反侧。
"tossing restlessly from side to side with every ill, it seemed, which human flesh was heir to.
“闪烁的油灯在房♥梁上凄惨的摇摆，
"From the rafters, the flickering oil lamp swung mournfully,
投下♥阴♥森森的光。”
casting a ghastly light."
弗吉尼亚第17步兵团列兵亚历山大.亨特
Private Alexander Hunter, 17th Virginia.
战争开始时，北方只有屈指可数的军医院。
When the war began, there were only a handful of army hospitals in the North.
到战争结束时，北方有超过350家军医院运营，
When it ended, the Union was running more than 350,
南方是154家。
the Confederacy, 154.
仅华盛顿一地就有16家。
There were 16 hospitals in Washington alone.
结果发现这些医院还是不够，士兵们就被转往
When these proved insufficient, men were cared for in the patent office,
专利局甚至参众两院照料。
even in the House and Senate Chambers.
医院是垂死者的大仓库。
Hospitals were giant warehouses for the dying.
南北两方最大和最好的医院，是里士满的钦博拉索医院，
The biggest and best, north or south, was Chimborazo at Richmond,
有800个床位、5个流动厨房♥、冰库和奶牛场，
with 8,000 beds, five soup kitchens, icehouses, dairy cattle,
一群山羊，一间日产1万条面包的烘焙房♥，
a herd of goats, a bakery that turned out 10,000 loaves of bread a day,
和一间400桶规模的啤酒厂。
and a 400-keg brewery.
[《当约翰尼迈步回家时》音乐]
[When Johnny Comes Marching Home playing]
“我激动又愤怒，
"Aroused and angry,
“本想敲响警钟，召唤无情的战争。
"I'd thought to beat the alarum, and urge relentless war.
“但很快我的手指让我无法如愿，
"but soon my fingers failed me,
“我的脸萎缩下来，只好听天由命的
"my face drooped and I resigned myself
坐在伤员旁边安抚他们，或者默默的看着那些尸体。”
to sit by the wounded and soothe them, or silently watch the dead."
沃尔特.惠特曼
Walt Whitman.
沃尔特.惠特曼参军年龄太大，不适合当军官，
Walt Whitman was too old for the ranks, not qualified to be an officer,
不热衷于“朝别人舞刀弄枪”，
not enthusiastic about "firing a gun or drawing a sword on another man,"
但当他弟弟在安提坦受伤时，
But when his younger brother was wounded at Antietam,
惠特曼到医院去找他，他被眼前景象惊呆了。
Whitman went to to find him in the hospital. He was appalled by what he saw.
他搬到华盛顿去帮助伤员，
He moved to Washington to help with the wounded,
分发小礼物，换衣服，朗诵他写的诗。
giving out small gifts, changing dressings, and reciting his poetry.
“医生告诉我，我提供给病人的一种药，
"The doctors tell me I supply the patients with a medicine which
“从药瓶到药粉他们都没法生产。
"all their drugs and bottles and powders are helpless to yield.
“这种药已经救了不止一条命，所以我分发出来。
"It has saved more than one life, so I go around.
我这里有些小伙子死了。有些情况好转了。”
Some of my boys die. Some get well."
“30岁以下的妇女无需申请在公立医院服务。
"No woman under 30 years need apply to serve in government hospitals.
“所有护士必须是长相平平的女人。
"All nurses are required to be very plain-looking women.
“她们的着装必须是棕色或黑色，
"Their dresses must be brown or black,
“不得卷头发，不得穿戴蝴蝶结、珠宝和围裙。”
"with no bows, no curls, no jewelry, and no hoop skirts."
多萝西娅.迪克斯
Dorothea Dix.
战争初期，多萝西娅.迪克斯志愿为联邦服务。
Early in the war, Dorothea Dix volunteered her services to the Union.
这位59岁的精神病领域的社会活动家
The 59-year-old crusader for the mentally ill was
负责管理军方雇佣的所有女护士。
put in charge of all women nurses employed by the armies.
她不知疲倦又独断专行，有位女士称她为“迪克斯龙”，
Tireless, and so autocratic one woman called her "Dragon Dix,"
她禁止任何她认为有浪漫冒险思想的人申请当护士。
she barred any applicant she thought interested in romantic adventure.
有时甚至连修女都被她拒绝。
Even nuns were sometimes turned down.
然而到战争结束时，她向潜在招募对象提出的唯一问题就是，
By the end of the war, though, the only question she asked potential recruits was
“你什么时候可以开始？”
"When can you start?"
在她的严格指导下，伤病员的护理得到极大改善。
Under her strict guidance, care for the sick and wounded was vastly improved.
尽管有男同事的尖刻批评和小摩擦，
Despite the bitter criticism and petty rivalry of male colleagues,
整个战争期间她在自己岗位上待满了4年，并且不计报酬。
She stayed at her post for all four years--the entire war--without pay.
“军械库广场医院。
"Armory Square Hospital.
“我正在学习让自己不要象刚入行一样，
"I am learning not to let myself feel as much as I did at first,
但我永远都无法适应。”
Yet I never can get used to it."
哈里特.富特.霍利
Harriet Foote Hawley.
“他们看到医生放弃救治自己，就会问我情况。
"They would see that the doctor gave them up and would ask me about it.
“我告诉他们真♥相♥。我告诉了一个人。他问，能活多久？”
"I told them the truth. I told one man that. And he asked, how long?
“我说，不超过20分钟。
"I said, not over 20 minutes.
“他没有表现出任何害怕。他们从来没有。
"He did not show any fear. They never do.
“他抬起手臂，用自己的手指合上眼睛，
"He put his hand up so closed his eyes with his own fingers,
“挺直身子，交叉双臂放在胸前。
"and stretched himself out and crossed his arms over his breast.
“现在，把我钉起来，他说。
"Now, fix me, he said.
“我把他袜子的前端钉在一起。
"I pinned the toes of his stockings together.
“那是我们处置尸体的方式。
"That was the way we laid corpses out.
“他几分钟后就死了。
"He died in minutes.
“他的脸看起来很愉悦，犹如在睡梦中。
"His face looked pleasant, as if he was asleep.
很多时候，男孩们死前都会那样把自己钉起来。”
and many is the time the boys would fix themselves that way before they died."
“联邦第9骑兵团A连，洛伦佐.斯特朗。
"Lorenzo Strong, Company A, 9th United States Cavalry.
“上周日被炮弹击中。在战场上右腿截肢。
"Shot by a shell last Sunday. Right leg amputated on the field.
“病情发生恶化。我待在那里目睹了一切。
"Took a turn for the worse. I stayed and saw all.
“医生过来给了他一点氯仿。
"The doctor comes and gives him a little chloroform.
“一名护士不断给他扇风，因为天热得可怕。
"One of the nurses constantly fans him, for it is fearfully hot.
“他要求起来，于是他们扶起他成半坐姿势。
"He asks to be raised up, and they put him in a half-sitting posture.
“他在半昏迷状态下反复呼喊马克的名字，一整天如此。
"He called for Mark repeatedly, half deliriously, all day.
“生命在衰竭，此时以老水车般的速度缓慢运转。
"Life ebbs, runs now with the speed of a millrace.
“他的目光转过来。
"His eyes turned back.
“周围一群人，包括2到3个护士、几个学生
"A crowd, including two or three doctors, several students,
“以及很多士兵，都在默默聚拢过来。
"and many soldiers, has silently gathered.
“生命的抗争还在继续，衰竭却在一点点加剧，
"The struggle goes on and dwindles a little more and a little more,
“然后进入一片空白，无知无觉，最后死亡。
"and then welcome oblivion, painlessness, death.
短暂停顿。人群散去。”
A pause. The crowd drops away."
“186♥4♥年6月17日。
"June 17, 186♥4♥.
“最亲爱的妈妈，
"Dearest mother,
“这个地方似乎打败了我。
"this place seems to have got the better of me.
我想我很快就能回家了。”
I think I shall come home for a short time."
《解决办法》
“我想我完全了解南方的意图。
"I think I understand the purpose of the South properly.
“对付他们最好的办法，就是在任何问题上和他们针锋相对。
"And the best way to deal with them is to meet them fairly on any issue.
“我们必须和他们战斗，突破他们，不同他们讲和，
不断追击直到他们欲哭无泪。
"We must fight them, cut into them, not talk to them, and pursue till they cry enough.
战争是我们的敌人选择的解决办法，而我说，
我们就给他们想要的一切。”
War is the remedy our enemies have chosen, and I say let us give them all they want."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼
William Tecumseh Sherman.
在格兰特开进荒野战场的同一天，
On the same day that Grant stepped off into the Wilderness,
谢尔曼的西部战区的大军从查塔努加向南挺进
Sherman's grand army of the west moved south from Chattanooga towards Atlanta,
100英里外的亚特兰大。
100 miles away.
谢尔曼和格兰特♥共♥同经历过艰难时光。
William Tecumseh Sherman and Ulysses S. Grant had survived hard times together.
他们的友谊在肯塔基建立，当时谢尔曼濒于崩溃，
Their friendship had been forged in Kentucky when Sherman came close to breaking down,
他开始相信战争永远都不会结束。
persuaded the war would never end.
“格兰特在我快要发疯时搀扶着我。
"Grant stood by me when I was crazy.
当他喝醉时我搀扶着他，现在我们一直互相搀扶。”
I stood by him when he was drunk, and now we stand by each other always."
谢尔曼是个孤儿，20岁时以班级第6名从西点军校毕业。
Sherman was an orphan and had graduated sixth in his class at West Point when he was only 20.
高个，红发，聪明，暴躁，
Tall, red-haired, intelligent, and irritable,
他喜欢穿鞋而不是军靴，睡的少，爱说话。
he wore shoes rather than military boots, slept little, talked a lot.
一位他的朋友说，“不断冒出想法”。
"Boiling over with ideas," a friend said.
“他总是太忙，无暇吃饭。
"He was always too busy to eat much.
“他不停的说话和抽雪茄，
"He talked and smoked cigars incessantly,
下达命令，口述电报，机智而爽朗。”
giving orders, dictating telegrams, bright and chipper."
他憎恶政♥治♥家、投机商和感伤主义者。
He hated politicians, profiteers, sentimentalists.
尤其痛恨记者，他认为他们比间谍还要坏，
Above all, he hated reporters, whom he considered worse than spies
因为他们为了卖♥♥出报纸而刊发军事机密。
because they printed military secrets just to sell newspapers.
“这些肮脏的小报写手如魔鬼般厚颜无♥耻♥。
"These dirty newspaper scribblers have the impudence of Satan.
“他们走进营地，在游手好闲的人中间刺探情报，
"They come into camp, poke about among the lazy shirks, and
收集军营中的流言蜚语，然后当作事实发表出来。
"pick up camp rumors, and publish them as facts.