美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E03

Part 5 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

“星期天A连一个士兵死后被埋了。
"Sunday a soldier of company A died and was buried.
“一切照旧，就象什么都没发生过，
"Everything went on as if nothing had happened,
“因为死亡如此寻常，一点点伤感都是多余的。
"For death is so common that little sentiment is wasted.
这不象死在家里。”
It is not like death at home."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
从布尔溪战场撤下来后，
Falling back from the Bull Run battlefield,
联邦军队与叛军在弗吉尼亚的福尔斯教堂短暂冲突，
Union troops skirmished briefly with rebel forces at Falls Church, Virginia,
士兵们中断作战在教堂墙上胡乱涂写他们的名字。
where the men paused to scribble their names on the chapel walls.
“在伟大的竞赛中，”亚伯拉罕.林肯夏末写道，
"In great contests," Abraham Lincoln wrote as the summer waned,
“每一方都声称按照上帝的意愿行事。
"Each party claims to act in accordance with the will of God.
“也许双方都是，但其中一方必定是错的。
"Both may be, but one must be, wrong.
上帝不可能同时赞成和反对同一件事情。”
God cannot be for and against the same thing at the same time."
“1862年8月20日。致总统的一封公♥开♥信♥。
"August 20, 1862. An open letter to the President.
“我们认为，您受到了来自边境蓄奴州
"We think you are unduly influenced by the counsels of certain fossil politicians
“某些顽固政♥治♥家的过度影响。
"hailing from border slave states.
“我们请您考虑，无处不在的奴隶制
"We ask you to consider that slavery is everywhere
“是煽动叛乱的起因和维系基础。
"the inciting cause and sustaining base of treason.
“在我们看来，最显而易见的真♥相♥是
"It seems to us the most obvious truth
“不管怎样加强或巩固奴隶制，
"that whatever strengthens or fortifies slavery
都在为分♥裂♥联邦大厦打入一个楔子。”
drives home the wedge intended to divide the Union."
霍勒斯.格里利
（纽约州众议员）
Horace Greeley.
“8月22日。
"August 22nd.
“在这场斗争中我的首要目标是拯救联邦，
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union
“而不是拯救或摧毁奴隶制。
"and is not either to save or to destroy slavery.
“如果我能拯救联邦却不解放任何奴隶，我会去做。
"If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it.
“如果通过解放所有奴隶能拯救联邦，我会去做。
"If I could save it by freeing all slaves, I would do it.
“如果通过解放部分奴隶能拯救联邦，保留其余奴隶，
"And if I could save it by freeing only some,and leaving others alone,
我也会去做。”
I would also do that."
“似乎时机就要到来，
"It seems that time is fast approaching
“当英格兰、法国和俄♥国♥联合提出调停时，
"when some joint offer of mediation by England, France, and Russia
“北美的作战双方可能会达成预期的协议。
"might be made with some prospect success to the combatants in north America.
“这项提议当然是为南北双方准备的。
"The proposal would naturally be made to both North and South.
“如果双方都接受，我们应该建议签署停战协议，
并结束封锁，
"If both accepted, We should recommend an armistice and cessation of blockades,
着眼于在分离的基础上谈判。”
with a view to negotiation on the basis of separation."
英国首相帕默斯顿
Prime minister Palmerston.
林肯必须取得一场胜利。
Lincoln had to have a victory.
“1862年9月3日。
"September 3, 1862.
“现在似乎是开战以来南军进入马里兰州
"The Present seems to be the most propitious time since the commencement of the war
最有利的时机。”
for the Confederate army to enter Maryland."
罗伯特.E.李
Robert E. Lee.
南方在春夏两季取得的辉煌胜利，
The brilliant southern victories of spring and summer
给李将军的军队带来了国际声誉。
had brought Lee's army international renown.
他写信给杰弗逊.戴维斯总统，再打一次胜仗，
One more successful campaign, he wrote Jefferson Davis,
将迫使欧洲承认南方邦联。
would force Europe to recognize the Confederacy.
现在，李将军第一次
Now, for the first time,
率4万士兵越过波托马克河，登上了联邦的土地。
Lee led 40,000 soldiers across the Potomac and onto Union soil.
“这伙人毫无秩序的向前行进，
"This body of men moving along with no order,
“他们的枪样式各异，没有任何两个人衣着相似，
"their guns carried in every fashion, no two dressed alike,
“他们的长官几乎无法从列兵中分辨出来——
"their officers hardly distinguishable from the privates--
难道这些人就是一次次把我们的
威武之师驱赶回来的人？”
Were these the men that had driven back again and again our splendid legions?"
“他们是我见过的最脏兮兮的人，
"They were the dirtiest men I ever saw,
“一群衣衫褴褛、极度瘦削和饥饿的狼群。
"a most ragged, lean, and hungry set of wolves.
“不过他们有一种北军所缺乏的冲劲。”
"Yet there was a dash about them that the Northern men lacked."
李将军的目标是位于宾州哈里斯堡的铁路中心。
Lee's target was the Federal rail center at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
他希望马里兰人起来反对联邦，
Hoping Marylanders would rise up against the Union,
命令部下在行军时高唱“马里兰，我的马里兰”。
he instructed his men to sing Maryland, My Maryland as they marched.
这不起作用。
It didn't work.
大多数小镇居民害怕的紧闭房♥门，躲在家里。
Most residents of the small towns stayed fearfully behind closed doors.
后来在9月13日，在弗雷德里克附近一个牧场，
Then, on September 13th, in a meadow near Frederick,
一名北军士兵发现了包在一张纸里的3支雪茄。
a Union soldier found three cigars wrapped in a piece of paper.
那张纸是李将军意外遗失的作战计划副本。
It was a copy of Lee's battle plans, accidentally left behind.
麦克莱伦现在知道李将军已兵分几路，
McClellan now knew Lee had divided his army,
派其中一支去夺取哈珀斯费里。
sending one part off to seize Harpers Ferry.
麦克莱伦已握有消灭李将军的手段。
McClellan had in his hands the instrument with which to destroy Lee.
在关键的18个小时里，他依然什么也没做。
Still, he did nothing, for 18 crucial hours.
9月15日，
On September 15th,
李将军率南军占据了夏普斯堡以东
Lee and his Confederates took up positions along the crest of a 3-mile ridge
3英里长的山脊阵地，
just east of the town of Sharpsburg
距华盛顿仅52英里之遥。
and only 52 miles from Washington.
波托马克河在他们身后，
The Potomac was at their back,
前方是一条名叫安提坦的小河。
In front ran a creek called Antietam.
“15日中午之前，
"On the forenoon of the 15th,
“蓝色制♥服♥的北军出现在
"Blue uniform Federals appeared among the trees
“安提坦河东岸的街道上。
"on the eastern bank of the Antietam.
“数量越来越庞大，
"The number increased larger and larger,
“整片区域目力所及全是蓝色。
"the field is blue to it stretched as far as the eye could see.
“从山顶到溪流的边缘，
"From the tops of the mountains down to the edges of the stream
聚集着麦克莱伦的大军。”
gathered the great army of McClellan"
詹姆斯.朗斯特里特将军
General James Longstreet.
倘若那天麦克莱伦挥师直扑南军，
Had McClellan hurled his army at the Confederates that day,
战争可能早就结束，但他没有那么做。
the war might have ended, but he did not.
“只有一件事对我们有利，”
李将军的一位副官回忆说，
"There was a single item in our advantage," an aide to Lee remembered,
“却是至关重要的一件事。
"but it was an important one.
副官认为，“麦克莱伦给夏普斯堡带来优势兵力，”
"McClellan had brought superior forces to Sharpsburg," the aide conceded,
“但他也带来了他自己。”
"but he had also brought himself."
“9月16日，
"September 16th
“那天晚上我趴在查尔斯敦的大路旁，值守到天亮，
"That night, I lay beside the Charlestown pike and watched until morning
“那些肮脏的队列从浮桥上冒出来。
"the grimy columns come pouring up from the pontoons.
“那是一种奇异、神秘的景象，
"It was a weird, uncanny sight
“驱走了我眼中的睡意。
"and drove sleep from my eyes.
“那是某种鬼魅似的东西，一幅来自地狱的景象。
"It was something demon-like, a scene from an inferno.
“它们象鬼魂一样悄无声息，无情的疾驶而过，
"They were silent as ghosts, ruthless and rushing in their speed,
“粗糙凌乱，土黄颜色，如同恶魔。
"ragged, earth-colored, disheveled, and devilish.
“它们沉重的铁蹄在坚硬的路面上
"The shuffle of their badly shod feet on the hard surface of the pike
“如此迅速的持续行进，发出大蛇一样的嘶嘶声。
"was so rapid as to be continuous like the hiss of a great serpent.
“这种鬼气森森的画面，
"The spectral, ghostly picture
我永远都没法从记忆中抹掉。”
will never be erased from my memory."
爱德华.黑斯廷斯.雷普利上尉
Captain Edward Hastings Ripley.
“当夜幕即将降临，
"As night grew nearer,
“关于明天有场大战的耳语声越来越响，
"whispers of a great battle to be fought the next day grew louder,
“想起这个我们不寒而栗，
"and we shuddered at the prospect,
“因为对我们来说，战斗意味着与以往大不相同，
"for the battles had come to mean to us as they never had before,
那是流血、伤痛和死亡。”
blood, wounds, and death."
《安提坦》
第二天开始的战役实际上是3场战役。
The battle that began the next day was really three battles.
第一场战役于凌晨6点在李将军的左翼打响，
The first began at 6 a.m. on Lee's left,
一支联邦部队沿着黑格斯敦大道冲出来，
where a Federal force charged along the Hagerstown pike
向藏在大♥片♥玉米地旁树林里的石墙杰克逊部发起进攻。
to attack stonewall Jackson's men hidden in woods beyond a big cornfield.
北军目标是一个周边设有火炮的高地，
The Union objective was a plateau edged with artillery
上面坐落着一座粉刷成白色的小教堂，
on which stood a small whitewashed church,
由和平主义的德美浸礼会教派建造，
built by a German baptist pacifist sect, the Dunkards,
这个教派甚至认为尖顶都是不庄重的。
for whom even a steeple was thought immodest.
北军的战地指挥官是乔.胡克少将，
The Union field commander was major general Joe Hooker,
一个粗俗、酗酒的马萨诸塞军人，被称为“战斗乔”。
a profane and hard-drinking Massachusetts soldier known as fighting Joe.
当胡克小心翼翼的前进时，
As Hooker cautiously advanced,
他注意到麦田里刺刀的反光，
he noticed the glint of bayonets in the cornfield
于是命令4门火炮朝麦田开火。
and ordered four batteries to fire into it.
[炮声]
[cannon fire]
叛军发动反击。
The rebels countercharged.
战斗在玉米地里来回拉锯了15次。
The battle surged back and forth across the cornfield 15 times.
仅几分钟时间，马萨诸塞第12步兵团
就损失了334人中的224人。
In a matter of minutes, the 12th Massachusetts lost 224 of 334 men.
胡克本人的腿被子弹打穿，被人抬出战场。
Hooker himself was carried from the field, shot through the foot.
“人们装弹和射击，
"the men are loading and firing with
“带着恶魔的狂怒，叫喊着，歇斯底里的大笑着，
"demoniacal fury and shouting and laughing hysterically,
“人们装弹和射击，
"the men are loading and firing with
“带着恶魔的狂怒，叫喊着，歇斯底里的大笑着，
"demoniacal fury and shouting and laughing hysterically,
我们面前的战场上，到处都是朝树林里逃生的叛军。”
and the whole field before us is covered with rebels fleeing for life into the woods."
胡克的部队正接近浸礼会教堂。
Hooker's men were closing in the Dunkard Church.