美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E01

Part 4 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

被选举成为国会议员。
In 1846, a lawyer from Springfield, Illinois, was
was elected to congress.
他出生于肯塔基，
He was born in Kentucky,
是一名几乎目不识丁的农夫的儿子。
the son of a farmer who could barely sign his name.
他24岁时成为立法委员，
He became a legislator at 24,
一名前途光明的公诉律师，
a prosperous attorney,
在经历一番求婚波折之后，
and after a turbulent courtship,
迎娶了玛丽.托德小姐，
the husband of Miss Mary Todd,
一位肯塔基银行家奴隶主的女儿。
the daughter of a slave-holding Kentucky banker.
对亚伯拉罕.林肯来说，
For Abraham Lincoln,
《独♥立♥宣言》的字面意思就是——
the Declaration of Independence was to be taken literally--
所有人在自己才能所达的范围内，
all men had the right to rise
都有权力提升自己，
as far as talent would take them,
就如他自己一样。
just as he had.
但他当时只呼吁限制蓄奴，
But he called for its restriction,
而不是立即废止。
not immediate abolition.
到19世纪中叶，这个国家已经隔阂深重。
By mid-century, the country was deeply divided.
南方人害怕北方人会禁止奴隶制。
Southerners feared the north might forbid slavery.
北方人则害怕奴隶制向西蔓延。
Northerners feared slavery might move west.
随着联邦成员不断增加，
As each new state was added to the union,
每个新加入州都威胁着这微妙的权力平衡。
it threatened to upset the delicate equilibrium of power.
“很多人严重怀疑国土之广大是否得宜，
"There are grave doubts at the hugeness of the land,
“以及一个政♥府♥是否能够掌控全局。”
"and whether one government can comprehend the whole."
亨利.亚当斯
（历史学家、小说家）
Henry Adams.
现在事态逐渐升级。
Now events accelerated.
1952年，哈丽特.比切.斯托
In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe
出版了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。
published Uncle Tom's Cabin.
这本如实描述了奴隶制残酷性的小说，
Its portrayal of slavery's cruelty
使很多读者受到空前的触动。
moved readers as nothing else had.
连维多利亚女王都潸然泪下。
Queen Victoria wept over it.
仅仅1年间全世界共计出版了150万本。
Within a year, more than 1.5 million copies were in print worldwide.
1854年，
In 1854,
国会允许堪萨斯和内布拉斯加居民
congress allowed settlers in the Kansas and Nebraska territories
自行决定是否准许奴隶制。
to decide for themselves whether or not to permit slavery.
堪萨斯州炸了锅。
Kansas exploded.
5千名支持奴隶制的人侵入这片土地。
5,000 proslavery men invaded the territory.
在随后的3个月中，
In the next 3 months,
200人死在“泣血的堪萨斯”。
200 men died in "Bleeding Kansas".
杀戮在10年时间里持续不断。
The killing would not stop for 10 years.
1857年，最高法♥院♥
In 1857, the Supreme Court
拒绝释放一名叫德雷德.斯科特的奴隶，
refused to free a slave, Dred Scott,
尽管他已经在自♥由♥的土地上生活了很多年。
even though he had lived for many years on free soil.
首席大♥法♥官罗杰.B.坦尼声称，
Chief justice Roger B. Taney said
黑人没有权利得到白人的尊重。
a black man had no rights a white man was bound to respect.
“作为一个国家，我们在建国之初便宣示
"As a nation, we began by declaring
“人人生而平等。
"that all men are created equal.
“而我们现在的解读是——
"We now practically read it--
“除了黑人，人人生而平等。
"All men are created equal, except negroes.
“很快就会变成——
"Soon it will read--
“人人生而平等，
"All men are created equal,
“除了黑人、外来人
"except negroes and foreigners
“和天主教♥徒♥。
"and catholics.
“如果真有这一天，
"When it comes to this,
“那我宁愿移♥民♥到其他国家，
"I should prefer emigrating to some country
“其他不会假装热爱自♥由♥的国家——
"where they make no pretense of loving liberty--
“比如俄♥罗♥斯♥，
"to Russia, for instance,
“奉行纯粹的独♥裁♥主义
"where despotism can be taken pure
“而不掺杂一丝虚伪的掩饰。”
"and without the base alloy of hypocrisy."
亚伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln.
暴♥力♥很快蔓延到美国国会，
Violence reached the floor of the United States Senate,
南卡罗来纳议员普勒斯顿.布鲁克斯
where congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina
用手杖野蛮殴打
savagely beat abolitionist senator
倡导废奴的议员查尔斯.萨姆纳。
Charles Sumner with his cane.
南方支持者还送给布鲁克斯一条新手杖。
Southern sympathizers sent Brooks new canes.
议员们开始携带刀具和手♥枪♥进入议院。
Members began carrying knives and pistols into the chamber.
与此同时，国家的首席执政官
Meanwhile, the nation's chief executive,
詹姆斯.布坎南则无动于衷。
（美国第15任总统）
James Buchanan, did nothing.
“一座裂开的房♥子无法矗立。
"A house divided against itself cannot stand.
“我相信政♥府♥不会长♥期♥处在
"I believe this government cannot endure,
“半奴隶制半自♥由♥的状态下。
"permanently half slave and half free.
“我不希望联邦解体。
"I do not expect the union to be dissolved.
“我不希望房♥子倒塌。
"I do not expect the house to fall.
“但我希望它停止分♥裂♥。
"But I do expect it will cease to be divided.
“它要么全然这样，
"It will become all one thing
“要么全然那样。”
"or all the other."
《流星》
1859年10月16日的晚上，
On sunday evening, October 16, 1859,
激进的废奴主义者约翰.布朗
the radical abolitionist John Brown
带领5个黑人和13个白人，
led 5 blacks and 13 whites
来到弗吉尼亚州的哈珀渡口。
into Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
他还带来了满满一马车的枪♥支♥，
He brought along a wagonload of guns
来武装确信会追随他的奴隶。
to arm the slaves he was sure would rally to him.
一旦得手，他计划带领他们，
Once they had, he planned to lead them southward
沿着阿巴拉契亚山脊一路向南
along the crest of the Appalachians
摧毁奴隶制。
and destroy slavery.
布朗是一个蹩脚的商人，
Brown was an inept businessman
他先后在6个州失败过20次，
who had failed 20 times in 6 states
并且拖欠债务。
and defaulted on his debts.
但他坚信自己是上帝在人间的使者。
Yet he believed himself God's agent on earth.
他和他的儿子
he and his sons
以降服撒旦及其军团的名义，
had hacked 5 proslavery men to death with broadswords,
用大刀砍死5名奴隶制的支持者。
all in the name of defeating Satan and his legions.
他们悄悄抢占兵工厂、军♥火♥库和工具房♥，
Quietly seized the armory, arsenal, and engine house,
并挟持人♥质♥，其中包括华盛顿的曾侄孙。
and took up hostages, including George Washington's great grandnephew.
此后，事态逐渐失控。
After that, nothing went right.
第一个被杀的是镇里的行李员，
The first person killed was the town baggage master,
一位黑人自♥由♥民。
a free black.
奴隶并没有揭竿而起。
The slaves did not rise up;
激愤的镇民却响应了。
angry townspeople did.
布朗追随者中首个倒下的是丹杰菲尔德.纽比。
The first of Brown's followers to fall was Dangerfield Newby.
一位前奴隶。
A former slave.
人群中有人割下他的耳朵作为纪念品。
Someone in the crowd cut off his ears as souvenirs.
到了周二早上，
On Tuesday morning,
由陆军上校罗伯特.E.李
federal troops arrived from Washington,
率领的联邦军队赶来。
led by a U.S. Army Colonel, Robert E. Lee.
李的军队对工具房♥发起猛烈攻击，
Lee's men stormed the engine house,
布朗手下又有9人被杀，
and 9 more of Brown's men were killed,
其中包括他的两个儿子。
including two of his sons.
重伤的布朗被移送弗吉尼亚，
Brown, severely wounded, was turned over to Virginia
并以叛国罪接受审判。
to be tried for treason.
“在激烈的枪战中，
"In firing his gun,
“有人告诉约翰.布朗当时的时间。
"John Brown has merely told what time of day it is.
“现在是正午，感谢上帝。”
"It is high noon, thank God."
威廉.洛伊德.加里森
（著名废奴主义者）
William Lloyd Garrison.
“一个不可分割的南方说，绞死他。”
"An undivided south says,let him hang."
奥尔巴尼《乔治亚爱国者报》
Albany, Georgia patriot.
弗吉尼亚认定布朗有罪，并判处死刑。
Virginia found Brown guilty and sentenced him to death.
绞刑现场的行刑队之中，
Among the troops at the scene of his hanging
有几个来自弗吉尼亚军事学院的士官生，
were cadets from the Virginia Military Institute
带领他们的是一位古怪的教授托马斯.J.杰克逊。
led by an eccentric professor, Thomas J. Jackson.
还有一位里士满南军的列兵，
Also there was a private in the Richmond grays,
一位年轻演员，
a young actor
叫约翰.威尔克斯.布斯。
（1865年刺杀林肯的凶手）
named John Wilkes Booth.
“1♥8♥9♥5年12月2日...
"December 2, 1859...
“老约翰.布朗因叛国罪被处决。
"old John Brown has been executed for treason against a state.
“我们却无法反对，
"We cannot object,
“尽管我们一致同意奴隶制是错误的。
"even though he agreed with us in thinking slavery wrong.
“这不足以成为暴♥乱♥、杀戮和叛国的理由。
"That cannot excuse violence, bloodshed, and treason.
“他自认为正义的事业，对他没有丝毫益处。”
"It could avail him nothing that he might think himself right."