美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E03

Part 2 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

Confederate gospel held that Britain and France
英国和法国无法存活。
could not survive without southern cotton.
要不了多久，它们中间至少有一个肯定会
Before long, one or both would surely intervene
代表南方进行干预，来结束北方的封锁。
on behalf of the Confederacy to end the Union blockade.
为了给欧洲施加更多压力，南方削减了90%的棉花产量。
To put more pressure on Europe, the Confederates cut cotton production 90%.
250万包棉花被焚毁，或者任其在南方码头上腐烂，
2.5 million bales were burned or left to rot on Confederate wharves
只为不让它落到英国人手里。
to keep it out of English hands.
现在除了在国内指挥一场战争，
Now, in addition to directing a war at home,
林肯还要设法阻止欧洲人从南方那边进来。
Lincoln had to find a way to keep Europe from coming in on the side of the South.
在北方，废奴的压力越来越大，
And increasingly, in the North, there was pressure for emancipation,
而且压力来自意想不到的地方的人们。
and it came from unlikely people in unlikely places.
《野兽》
1862年5月1日，
On May 1, 1862,
林肯任命本杰明.F.巴特勒将军
为攻占下来的新奥尔良的军事长官。
Lincoln named General Benjamin F. Butler military governor of occupied new Orleans.
巴特勒立即投入工作。
Butler went right to work.
他绞死了一个涉嫌亵渎美国国旗的人。
He hanged a man suspected of having desecrated the American flag.
他关闭了一家鼓吹分离主义的报纸，
He closed a secessionist newspaper,
没收那些拒绝宣誓效忠联邦的公民的财产，
confiscated the property of citizens who refused to swear allegiance to the Union,
并获得一个轻蔑的绰号♥“勺子”，
因为据说他把银器揣进自己腰包。
and was given the scornful nickname "spoons" for allegedly pocketing silverware.
新奥尔良的妇女常常羞辱他的军队。
New Orleans women routinely insulted his troops.
某次一个法国区的妇人从窗户里探出身，
When a woman in the French quarter lean from a window
将她的便盆倾倒在海军司令法拉格特的头上，
to dumped her chamber pot on the head of Admiral Farragut,
于是巴特勒签发了第28号♥将军令。
Butler issued General order Number 28.
“鉴于联邦官兵
"As the officers and soldiers of the United States
“屡屡遭受那些
"have been subject to repeated insults
“自称为新奥尔良娘们的妇女的侮辱，
"from the women calling themselves ladies of New Orleans,
“兹命令，从今以后，
"It is ordered that, hereafter,
“任何女性如有用语言、手势或动作，
"When any female shall, by word, gesture, or movement,
“侮辱或蔑视联邦官兵的行为，
"insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States,
“应被视为从事风月职业的本地妇女，
"She shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town,
并有权加以处罚。”
plying her avocation."
本杰明.巴特勒将军
General Benjamin Butler.
南方人愤愤不平，把巴特勒叫作“野兽”。
Southerners were outraged and called Butler "the beast."
一个新奥尔良商人售卖♥♥一种便盆，盆里绘有
A New Orleans entrepreneur sold chamber pots featuring Butler's portrait
巴特勒的肖像。
inside the bowl.
在南加利福尼亚的查尔斯顿，一位普通公民悬赏1万美金
In Charleston, South Carolina, a private citizen offered a $10,000 reward
来抓获“野兽”本.巴特勒，不论死活。
for the capture of "beast" Ben Butler--dead or alive.
但对他部下的骚扰行为停止了。
But the harassment of his men stopped.
随着北军大兵压境，路易斯安那种植园的动♥乱♥不断加剧。
With the Union army so near, unrest on Louisiana plantations increased.
当绝望的奴隶主开始对叛逆的黑奴发牢骚，
When desperate slave owners began complaining of rebellious blacks,
巴特勒宣称这些种植园主对联邦不忠，
Butler declared the planters disloyal to the Union,
然后带走他们的奴隶。
then took away their slaves.
“去找那些北方佬，”一位奴隶主告诉他的奴隶们说。
"Go to the Yankees," one slave-holder told his slaves.
“现在他们称王称霸了。”
"They are kings here now."
“我一直在读关于北方佬的书，我渴望见到他们。
"I have been reading so much about the Yankees, I was very anxious to see them.
“白人会告诉有色人种不要去找北方佬，
"The Whites would tell their colored people not to go to the Yankees,
“因为北方佬会把他们套上马车，代替马匹去拉车。
"for they would harness them to carts make them to put the carts on in place of horses.
“我有天问祖母这是不是真的。
"I asked grandmother one day if this was true.
“她回答说，当然不是真的，
"She replied, certainly not,
“那是因为白人不想让奴隶们到北方佬那里去，
"that the white people did not want slaves to go over to the yankees
“所以说这些来吓唬他们。
"and told them these things to frighten them.
“我如此期待见到那些了不起的北方佬，
"I wanted to see those wonderful Yankees so much,
因为我听到父母说，北方佬们要解放所有的奴隶。”
as I heard my parents say that the Yankees was going to set all the slaves free."
苏珊.金.泰勒
Susan King Taylor.
奴隶们在还没开打之前就明白，这场战争事关奴隶制。
The slaves understood that that war was about slavery before it was a war.
他们缠住军队不放，
They made a nuisance for the army
他们也向军队提出不得不处理的要求。
and they also made an issue the army had to deal with.
如果军队不得不处理，战争部门就不得不处理。
And if the army had to deal with it, the war department had to deal with it.
如果战争部门不得不处理，国会就不得不处理。
If the war department had to deal with it, Congress had to deal with it.
这意味着，每个逃奴只要能让自己
That means that every fugitive slave who made a nuisance of himself
缠住当地的指挥官，
to the local commander,
最后就会在联邦国会制♥造♥自己的形象。
eventually made a figure of himself to the Congress of the United States.
共和党控制的国会，
Congress, controlled by republicans,
现在禁止军队将奴隶归还他们的主人。
now forbade the army to return slaves to their masters.
6月，国会宣布准州地区的奴隶制为非法，
And in June, it outlawed slavery in the territories,
最终推♥翻♥了老德雷德.斯科特案的判决。
finally reversing the old Dred Scott decision.
“一年以前，只有最异想天开的废奴主义者才
做过这样的梦。
"Only the damnedest of damned abolitionists dreamed of such things a year ago.
“约翰.布朗的灵魂在前进，
"John Brown's soul is marching on,
还有那些追随者。”
with the people after it."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗
George Templeton Strong.
“奴隶制问题一如既往的困扰着总统，
"The slavery question perplexes the president almost as much as ever,
“但我认为他即将从迷茫中摆脱出来
"and yet I think he is about to emerge from the obscurities
“摸索着找到更清晰的方向。
"where he has been groping into somewhat clearer light.
所以，你瞧，这个人行动起来了。”
So, you see, the man moves."
萨蒙.P.蔡斯
Salmon P. Chase
“1862年7月4日。
"July 4, 1862.
“我差点会这么做，
"I would do it
“如果不是担心有一半的指挥官会放下武器，
"if I were not afraid that half the officers would fling down their arms
起码3个州会起义的话。”
and three more states would rise."
林肯继续支持一项计划，付给每个被解放的奴隶400美元，
Lincoln continued to back a plan to pay $400 for every slave freed
然后资助这些人乘船前往非洲或中美洲的殖民地。
and then encourage the freed men to sail off to a colony in Africa or central America.
废奴主义者温德尔.菲利浦斯称林肯为
The abolitionist Wendell Phillips called Abraham Lincoln
“一流的二等公民”。
a first-rate second-rate man.
我对这样的论点失去耐心，即由于某人所处的时代，
I lose patience with the argument that because of someone's time,
他的局限性因而是可以原谅的，甚至是值得称道的。
his limitations are therefore excusable or even praiseworthy.
在那个时代和地方，并非不可能看得更远一些。
It is not true that it was impossible in that time and place to look any higher.
想想温德尔·菲利浦斯，
Think of Wendell Phillips, who,
他在评论林肯提议把黑人殖民到国外时，
commenting on Abraham Lincoln's proposal to colonize black people out of the country,
非常尖刻。他说，“殖民黑人？
was sarcastic. he said, "Colonize the blacks?
“一个人还不如殖民他的双手。
"A man might as well colonize his own hands.
或者当强盗进屋时，殖民他的左轮手♥枪♥。”
or when the robber is in his house, he might as well colonize his revolver."
“解放奴隶是文明的要求。
"Emancipation is the demand of civilization.
“那是一个原则。
"That is a principle.
其他的都是阴谋诡计。”
All else is intrigue."
拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生
（美国思想家、作家）
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
《七天战役》
弗吉尼亚半岛的雨季来临，淹没了低洼的土地。
On the Virginia Peninsula, the rains came, inundating the bottomlands.
沿着里士满城外的道路，
Along the roads outside Richmond,
乔治.麦克莱伦的部队被泛滥的奇克哈默尼河一分为二。
George McClellan's force was divided in two by the flooded Chickahominy River.
叛军看到了机会，在5月31日袭击了小股北军。
The rebels saw their chance and attacked the smaller force on May 31st.
猛攻接踵而至，
In the fierce fighting that followed,
南军在一个叫“七松”的交叉路口附近表现优异。
The Confederates did best near a crossroads called Seven Pines.
北军士兵则在费尔奥克斯最为成功。
The Union soldiers were most successful at Fair Oaks.
费尔奥克斯之役结束时，北军损失5千人，
When the battle of Fair Oaks was over, the North had lost 5,000 men,
南军损失6千人，
The South, 6,000,
战局并没有什么改变。
and it hadn't changed a thing.
南军总司令约瑟夫.姜斯顿，
Joseph Johnston, the overall Confederate commander,
他本人身负重伤，从战场上被抬了下来。
was himself severely wounded and carried from the field.
“打中我的，对南方邦联来说是最好的一枪，
"The shot that struck me down was the best ever fired for the Confederacy,
“因为我丝毫没有获得邦联政♥府♥的信任，
"for I possessed in no degree the confidence of the government,
现在一个全情投入的人将接替我，
完成我永远办不到的事情。”
and now a man who does enjoy it will succeed me and accomplish what I never could."
“他的名字也许叫胆大妄为。
"His name might be audacity.
“他会抓住更多机会，用兵更迅速，
"He will take more chances, and take them quicker,
“远胜这个国家的任何将军，无论南方还是北方。”
"than any other general in this country, North or South."
现在，战争中第一次
Now for the first time in the war,
由罗伯特.E.李担任一支主力部队的司令。
Robert E. Lee was placed at the head of a major army.
“和姜斯顿相比，我更喜欢李。
"I prefer Lee to Johnston.
“李在沉重的责任下过于谨慎和软弱。
"Lee is too cautious and weak under grave responsibility.
“匹夫之勇，且过分精力充沛，
"Personally brave and energetic to a fault,
“在责任重压之下他尚不具备道德上的坚定性。”
"He is yet wanting in moral firmness when pressed by heavy responsibility."
乔治.麦克莱伦
George McClellan.
麦克莱伦完全误判了这位新的南军将领。
McClellan completely misjudged the new Confederate commander.
罗伯特.E.李是个斗士。
Robert E. Lee was a fighter.
李想要对付胆敢侵入他国家的联邦军队，
Wanting to get at the Union men who had dared invade his state,
他给自己在北弗吉尼亚的部队重新命名，
Lee renamed his force the army of northern Virginia,
握住主动权，而且绝不放手。
seized the initiative, and never let it go.
首先，李派出他的骑兵队长杰布.斯图亚特
去侦察麦克莱伦的部队。
First, Lee sent his cavalry chief, Jeb Stuart, to reconnoiter McClellan's forces.
斯图亚特率1200名骑兵，
Stuart now led 1,200 troopers
围着麦克莱伦的大军，展开一场为期3天、