美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E05

Part 7 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

U.S.格兰特的200门联邦大炮从陆上猛轰维克斯堡，
U.S. Grant's 200 Union guns had pounded Vicksburg from land,
同时大卫.波特海军上将的炮艇从河上攻击。
while Admiral David Porter's gunboats battered it from the river.
“他们向城里开火，
"They fire at the city,
“以为他们会拖垮女人、孩子和病人，
"thinking that they will wear out the women and children and sick,
“彭博顿将军会因此被迫献城投降，
"and General Pemberton will be obliged to surrender the place on that account,
但他们一点都不明白维克斯堡妇孺们的勇气。”
but they little know the spirit of the Vicksburg women and children."
居民们在黄土山坡上挖洞，有的带有几个房♥间，
Civilians dug caves in the yellow clay hillsides, some with several rooms
里面配备了地毯、床和椅子，还有奴隶伺候。
fitted out with rugs and beds and chairs and staffed with slaves.
但食品日益短缺。
But food ran low.
城市的守卫者被迫以骡子、马和狗为食。
The city's defenders were reduced to eating mules, horses, and dogs.
《维克斯堡时报》只能印在花纹墙纸的背后。
The Vicksburg Gazette had to be printed on the back of flowered wallpaper.
新闻纸用光了。
There was no more newsprint.
“我们完全与世隔绝，被一圈烈火包围着。
"We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a circle of fire.
“弹雨日夜不停的落下。
"The shower of shells goes on day and night.
“人们什么都不做，除了找到啥吃啥，
"People do nothing but eat what they can get,
能睡就睡，还有躲避炮弹。”
sleep when they can, and dodge the shells."
多拉.米勒
Dora Miller.
一位妇女说，“就象植物的根一样活着。”
It was "living like plant roots," one woman said.
北军开始管维克斯堡叫“土拨鼠之城”。
Union troops began calling Vicksburg "prairie dog town."
最终，经过48天的围困，在7月4日，
Finally, after 48 days of siege, on July 4th,
李将军撤离葛底斯堡的同一天，
the same day that Lee began his retreat from Gettysburg,
3万1千南军投降。
31,000 Confederates surrendered.
南军约翰.C.彭博顿将军说，再让他的部下经受这种
Confederate General John C. Pemberton said it would be an act of "cruel inhumanity"
可怕的折磨，将是一种“惨无人道”的行为。
to subject his men to the terrible ordeal any longer.
此外他补充说，“我是一个北方人。我了解他们。
Besides, he added, "I am a northern man. I know my people.
“我知道，我们能在7月4日这天从他们那里
"I know we can get better terms from them on the fourth of July
得到比一年中其他日子更好的投降条件。”
than on any other day of the year."
星条旗在维克斯堡法♥院♥上升起。
The stars and stripes was raised above the Vicksburg courthouse.
密西西比河上，庆祝活动在波特将军的旗舰上举♥行♥，
At the celebration aboard Admiral Porter's flagship on the Mississippi,
格兰特是唯一一个不碰酒的人，
Grant was the only one who did not touch the wine offered him,
但他抽了支雪茄过了把瘾。
but contented himself with a cigar.
“格兰特现在是当之无愧的英雄，
"Grant is now deservedly the hero,
“1个月前指责他过往种种罪责的人，现在对他大加赞扬，
"belabored with praise by those who accused him a month ago of all the sins in the calendar
“但若是舆♥论♥有点风吹草动，这些人下星期就会转而反对他。
"and who next week will turn against him if so blows the popular breeze.
大众之声，虚伪之声。”
Vox Popular, Vox Humbug."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼
William Tecumseh Sherman.
“现在必须承认，所有关于英国调停的想法都结束了。
"It is now conceded that all idea of British intervention is at an end.
“我想为葛底斯堡战役拥抱波托马克军团，
"I want to hug the army of the Potomac for Gettysburg,
“我想自掏腰包请维克斯堡的整支部队畅饮，
"I want to get the whole army of Vicksburg drunk at my own expense,
我想和某个小矮子作战，痛扁他。”
I want to fight some small man and lick him."
亨利.亚当斯
Henry Adams.
南方邦联被一分为二。
The Confederacy was cut in two.
密西西比河成了联邦的高速路。
The Mississippi had become a Union highway.
“众水之父，”林肯说，“再次静谧的奔流到海。”
"The father of waters," Lincoln said, "again goes unvexed to the sea."
“我们已经失去了密西西比河，
"We have lost the Mississippi,
“我们的国家被分割了，
"and our nation is divided,
没有什么是我们必须为之战斗的了。”
and there's not enough left to fight for."
维克斯堡不再举办7月4日庆祝活动达81年之久。
（指二战结束）
The 4th of July would not be celebrated in Vicksburg again for 81 years.
《门槛上了房♥梁》
“我找了一个20岁上下的荷兰大男孩作为顶替者，
"I found for my substitute a big Dutch boy of 20 or thereabouts
“付出1100美元作为合理的报酬。
"for the moderate consideration of $1,100.
“要是这个替身努力一下，他会成为一个好战士。
"My alter ego could make a good soldier if he tried.
“我给了他我的地址，告诉他写信给我，
"I gave him my address and told him to write to me
“如果他发现自己在医院或有了麻烦，
"if he found himself in the hospital or in trouble
我会尽我所能帮助他。”
and that I would try to do what I properly could to help him."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗
George Templeton Strong
7月林肯发布了第一道联邦征兵令。
In July, Lincoln issued the first Federal draft call.
所有20至45岁的健全男性都被登记在册，
All able-bodied men between 20 and 45 were enrolled,
但法律偏袒富裕的人。
but the law favored the well-to-do.
任何人只要支付300美元的“抵偿费”
Any man willing to pay $300 as a "commutation fee"
或雇佣一个替代他岗位的人，即可豁免。
or hire a substitute to serve in his place was exempt.
“法律就是富人的账单，
"The law is a rich man's bill,
它是为那些无法筹到这笔钱的制订的。”
made for him who cannot raise that sum."
参议员撒迪厄斯.史蒂文斯
Senator Thaddeus Stevens
老罗斯福和小罗斯福的父亲都雇了替身，
The fathers of Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt hired substitutes,
安德鲁.卡内基和J.P.摩根也是如此，
so did Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan
还有2位未来的总统——切斯特.A.阿瑟和格罗弗.克利夫兰。
and two future presidents--Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland.
“赏金仙人跳”成为一种职业。
Bounty jumping became a profession.
只要在某地登记，过段时间后就能领到入伍奖金，
Men signed up from one district long enough to receive a reward for enlisting,
然后开溜，去别处干同样的事。
then deserted to do the same elsewhere.
有人在被抓前曾反复作案32次。
One man repeated the process 32 times before he was caught.
震颤派教♥徒♥老弗雷德里克.埃文斯去见林肯，
（基♥督♥教新教派别）
Shaker elder Frederick Evans came to see Lincoln,
希望他的和平主义团体可以免服兵役。
hoping to have his pacifist community excused from military service.
“我们需要你们这样的人参军，”林肯说，
"We need regiments of such men as you," Lincoln said,
但他同意了老埃文斯的请求。
but granted elder Evans' request.
震颤派教♥徒♥属于最早的良心拒服兵役者之一。
The shakers were among the first conscientious objectors.
在迪尔岛，2位卓越的当地公民开始
On Deer Isle, two prominent local citizens began
挨家挨户派发征兵通知，
going house to house delivering induction notices.
149人响应新的征召入伍，
149 men were called for the new draft,
42人从未露面，
42 never showed up,
33人因体♥检♥不合格被豁免，
33 were exempted for medical reasons,
有2对顶替入伍者，
two paid substitutes,
有一个人卖♥♥掉房♥子使他的妻子和几个孩子无家可归，
and one man sold his house and left his wife and several children homeless
也不愿抛下她们去前线。
rather than desert them for the front.
[谢尔比.富特]
[shelby foote]
纽约城也打算与联邦分离，
New York City contemplated secession from the Union, too,
他们想宣布为一个自♥由♥城市。
and they wanted to be declared an open city.
这里有对黑人涌入的很多不满，
There was a great deal of resentment
以及大量对征兵的抵♥制♥活动。
of the influx of blacks and a lot of resistance to the draft.
因为人们比以前有更多可以获得高薪的工作机会，
because men could get better-paying jobs than they'd ever had,
他们最不想做的事就是去打仗。
and the last thing they wanted was to go to the war.
还有很多的不满在于，
There was a good deal of resentment, too,
如果你能凑足300美元，你就能豁免，
that if you could scrape up $300, you could be exempt,
所有这些怨恨的爆发，演变成人们所说的纽约征兵暴♥动♥。
and all those resentments flared up into what's called the New York draft riots.
没有哪个群体比纽约的爱尔兰移♥民♥更加愤怒，
No group was more outraged than the immigrant Irish of New York,
他们害怕那些来竞争最低报酬工作的黑人，
who feared the blacks who competed for the lowest-paying jobs
他们不愿为这些人的自♥由♥而战。
and for whose freedom they did not wish to fight.
民♥主♥党政客们煽动他们的怒气。
Democratic politicians fanned their anger.
“记住这点，
"Remember this,
“宣称为了公众需求的血腥、叛国和革命的学说，
"that the bloody and treasonable and revolutionary doctrine of public necessity
可以是一个政♥府♥，也可以是一伙暴徒。”
can be proclaimed by a mob as well as by a government."
纽约州长霍雷肖.西摩尔
Governor Horatio Seymour, New York.
7月12日，星期天，
On Sunday, July 12th,
当第一批应征入伍者的名字出现在报纸上，
when the names of the first draftees appeared in the newspapers
旁边就是长长的葛底斯堡阵亡者名单，
alongside long lists of those who had fallen at Gettysburg,
一伙以爱尔兰人为主的暴徒袭击和捣毁了征兵办公室，
a mostly Irish mob attacked and destroyed the draft office,
然后散入全城各处。
then fanned out across the city.
3天时间里，曼哈顿东区被暴徒占领。
For three days, the east side of Manhattan belonged to the mob.
黑人是他们的首要目标。
Blacks were their main targets.
他们焚烧黑人寄宿公♥寓♥，一间黑人教堂，一所黑人孤儿院，
They burned black boarding houses, a black church, a black orphanage,
然后他们私刑处死一名瘸腿的黑人马车夫并焚烧尸体，
then lynched a crippled black coachman and set his corpse on fire
一边高唱“为杰夫.戴维斯欢呼！”
while chanting "hurrah for Jeff Davis!"
[火警铃♥声♥]
[fire bells clanking]
“7月14日，
"July 14th,
“铃♥声♥叮当作响，火警时不时的传来，响了一夜。
"fire bells clanking as they have clanked at intervals throughout the evening.
“昨天野蛮暴行和掠夺行为的许多细节被曝光。
"Many details come in of yesterday's brutal, cowardly ruffianism and plunder.
“卡迈街上的店铺被洗劫，黑人无缘无故被吊死，
"Shops were cleaned out and black men hanged in Carmine Street
只是因为他们的黑人文化认同。”
for no offense but that of negritude."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗
George Templeton Strong.
最终，疲惫不堪的军队从葛底斯堡赶来恢复秩序。
Finally, exhausted troops from Gettysburg arrived to impose order.
100人多人被杀。
More than 100 people had been killed.
随着反战呼声越来越高，血腥的暴♥乱♥在北方各地爆发。
Bloody riots broke out throughout the North as opposition to the war increased.
《华盛顿时报》的编辑写道，“这个国家，
"The nation," wrote the editor of the Washington Times,
“此时正处于一种革命的状态——东南西北都有。”
"is at this time in a state of revolution--north, south, east, and west."
“你们说你们不会为解放黑奴而战。
"You say you will not fight to free negroes.
“他们中一些人似乎愿意为你们而战。
"Some of them seem willing to fight for you.
“当胜利到来时，
"When victory is won,
“会有一些黑人记得他们，那些缄默不语、紧咬牙关、
"There were be some black man who can remember that with silent tongue and clenched teeth
“目光坚定、握定刺刀的人，
"and steady eye and well-poised bayonet,
是他们帮助人类完成了这个伟大的目标。”