美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E03

Part 7 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

"The sun went down. The thunder died away. The musketry ceased.
营地里篝火闪烁，仿佛一座大城亮起晚灯。”
Bivouac fires gleamed out as if a great city had lighted its lamps."
这是美国历史上最血腥的一天。
It had been the bloodiest day in American history.
北军有2018人战死，
The Union lost 2,108 dead,
另有10293人受伤或失踪——
another 10,293 wounded or missing--
是82年之后D日登陆战的两倍。
double the casualties of D-day 82 years later.
李将军损失稍小，有10318人伤亡——
Lee lost fewer men--10,318 casualties--
但那是他兵力的四分之一。
but that was a quarter of his army.
“为什么我们不进攻，把他们赶进河里？
"Why did we not attack them and drive them into the river?
“我无法理解这一切。
"I do not understand these things.
但话说回来，我只是个孩子。”
But then, I am only a boy."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
麦克莱伦有大量后备部队在夏普斯堡外候命，
McClellan had plenty of reserves waiting outside Sharpsburg,
但他从未使用。
but he never used them.
李将军当前兵力是敌人的3倍，准备抖擞精神，
在第二天发动新的攻击。
Lee, outnumbered 3-to-1, braced for a new attack all the next day.
但攻击并未到来。
It never came.
18日，李和他的部队越过波托马克河，悄悄退了回去。
On the 18th, Lee and his army slipped back across the Potomac.
麦克莱伦可以宣称胜利，但他本可以赢得战争。
McClellan could claim a victory, but he could have won the war.
李将军北伐的脚步停止了，他损失惨重，
Lee's invasion had been halted, he had suffered terrible losses,
但他的部队没有被摧毁。
but his army had not been destroyed.
“战争的起因千差万别，
"The causes of the war were wide apart,
但男子汉气概是一样的。”
but the manhood was the same."
缅因第20步兵团，约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, 20th Maine.
在夏普斯堡城外待命的
Held in reserve outside Sharpsburg,
缅因州第20志愿步兵团里有
农夫、伐木工、水手、店主和猎人。
the 20th Maine included farmers and lumbermen, seamen and shopkeepers and trappers.
他们的上校是约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦，
Its colonel was Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain,
一位33岁的修辞学、雄辩术和现代语言学教授，
a 33-year-old professor of rhetoric, oratory,
来自鲍登学院。
and modern languages at Bowdoin College.
他拒绝了志愿入伍福利假，
Denied a leave of absence to enlist,
申请了教师轮休去欧洲学习，然后回来参军。
he applied for a sabbatical to study in Europe, then volunteered.
理论上说，唯一让他有资格领军的，
On paper, his only qualification for command
就是他是一位德才兼备、
was that he was a gentleman of the highest moral,
学富五车的绅士。
intellectual, and literary worth.
当林肯前来巡视战场时，
Chamberlain was still at Sharpsburg
张伯伦还在夏普斯堡。
when Abraham Lincoln came to see the battlefield.
“我们能看到总统脸上深切的悲哀，
"We could see the deep sadness in the president's face
“感受到他内心的重负，
"and feel the burden on his heart,
“想到他的使命就是拯救这些人♥民♥，
"thinking of his commission to save this people
“他知道他只能一如既往的这么做——
"and knowing he could do this no otherwise than as he had been doing--
依靠这些战士的英雄气概。”
by and through the manliness of these men."
目睹总统检阅他的部队，
Watching the president review his troops,
对约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦来说，
it seemed to Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
似乎那是一种“强有力的神秘纽带”，
that a "mystic bond, wonderful in its intensity,"
把战士们和他们的总司令联结在一起。
joined the men to their commander in chief.
林肯到访的目的是敦促麦克莱伦追击李将军。
The object of Lincoln's visit was to get McClellan to pursue Lee.
“我动身回来时心想他会立即行动。
"I came back thinking he would move at once.
“但当我到家时，他又开始争论为什么他要行动。
"But when I got home he began to argue why he ought not to move.
“我断然命令他前进。
"I peremptorily ordered him to advance.
“19天以前他让人尝试过河，
"It was 19 days before he put a man over the river,
“而9天前他的军队才过了河。
"and nine days longer before he got his army across.
然后他又停了下来。”
and then he stopped again."
林肯终于受够了乔治.麦克莱伦。
Lincoln at last had had enough of George McClellan.
总统永久解除了他的指挥权。
The president relieved him of command permanently.
“他们犯了一个天大的错误。
"They have made a great mistake.
唉，我可怜的国家。”
Alas, for my poor country."
“1862年9月21日。
"September 21, 1862.
“亲爱的小山姆，
"Dear Sam, Jr.,
“许多你的老朋友和同学都死了或者被杀了。
"a great many of your old friends and schoolmates have died or been killed.
“我只提这些名字，莱姆.安伯克罗比，
"I will merely name Lem Ambercrombie,
“杰夫.蒙哥马利，
"Jeff Montgomery,
“约翰.加勒特，
"John Garrett,
“莱姆.海奇，约翰.希尔，
"Lem Hatch, John Hill,
“普罗克特.波特，比尔.休姆斯，
"Proctor Porter, Bill Humes,
“约翰.怀特，沃特.马克西，安格斯.奥尔斯顿。
"John White, Walter Maxey, Angus Alston.
“我们的邻居老托马斯夫人已经失去了5个儿子。
"Old Mrs. Thomas of our neighborhood has lost five sons.
你的妈妈，玛格丽特.休斯敦。”
Your mother, Margaret Houston."
这里有个大问题，就是你的作战单位
You do have a big problem when you have
来自同一个州、县，甚至同一个镇子。
units that are from states and counties and even towns.
其中一个团在某场战役中可能紧密聚集在一个地点，
and one of those regiments can get in a very tight spot in a particular battle,
就象在夏普斯堡的玉米地里一样。
like in the cornfield at Sharpsburg.
那样也许就有消息传来，那个镇再也没有年轻人了。
And the news may be that there are no more young men in that town.
他们都死光了。
They're all dead.
1862年10月，马修.布雷迪在他的纽约画廊里
In October of 1862, at his New York gallery,
举办了一个名为“安提坦的死难者”的照片展。
Mathew Brady opened an exhibition of photographs entitled "the dead of Antietam."
美国人此前从未见过这样的画面。
Nothing like them had ever been seen in America before.
“我们很少接触到战场上的死难者，即便是在梦里。
"The dead of the battlefield come up to us very rarely, even in dreams.
“我们早餐时在报纸上看到死亡名单，
"We see the lists in the morning paper at breakfast,
但用咖啡来消除这些记忆。
but dismiss its recollection with the coffee.
“马修.布雷迪先生所做的，让我们了解到可怕的现实
"Mr. Mathew Brady has done something to bring to us the terrible reality
以及战争的残酷性。
and earnestness of the war.
“就象他把那些尸体背回来放在我们院子里，
"If he has not brought bodies and laid them in our dooryards,
这就是他所做的事情。”
He has done something very like it."
《更高的目标》
林肯力排众议，
Against the advice of his advisers,
让U.S.格兰特官复原职，担任战地指挥。
Lincoln reinstated U.S. Grant to field command.
“我不能浪费这个人才，”林肯说，“他能打。”
"I can't spare this man," Lincoln said. "he fights."
向西1千英里的维克斯堡，
1,000 miles to the west, Vicksburg,
高踞于俯瞰密西西比河的峭壁上，仍在南方手中。
high on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, remained Confederate.
杰弗逊.戴维斯说，“维克斯堡，
"Vicksburg," Jefferson Davis said,
是把南方的两半边铆在一起的钉子。”
is the nail that holds the South's two halves together."
当年秋天，格兰特准备拿下这个重兵布防的城市。
That Fall, Grant tried to take the heavily fortified city.
他失败了。
He failed.
南军在超过1千英里的战线上发起进攻。
The Confederacy was on the offensive over a 1,000-mile front.
格莱斯顿先生，一位英国内阁的实权派，
Mr. Gladstone, a power in the English cabinet,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
格莱斯顿先生，一位英国内阁的实权派，
Mr. Gladstone, a power in the English cabinet,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他说，“杰弗逊.戴维斯建立了一支海军。
is saying, "Jeff Davis made a navy.
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他建立了一支军队，”更重要的是，
He's made an army," and, what's more important,
埃德.比尔斯战史专家
他建立了一支军队，”更重要的是，
He's made an army," and, what's more important,
这表明他建立了一个国家。
intimating he's made a nation.
但入侵马里兰州失败了。
But, the invasion of Maryland fails.
李将军战败退却。
Lee is defeated, falls back.
他们在肯塔基州的佩里维尔吃了败仗。
They lose at Perryville in Kentucky.
他们在密西西比州的尤卡和科林斯落败，
甚至在密苏里州的牛顿也是。
They lose at Iuka and Corinth in Mississippi, even Newtonia in Missouri.
邦联的势头回落。
And the Confederate tide rolls back.
由于安提坦战役的结果，
Lincoln, as a result of Antietam,
林肯把战争转入一个更高层面，
再次表现出政♥治♥家的老练。
converted the war to a higher plane, again the master politician.
他提出了初步的解放奴隶宣言。
He announces a preliminary emancipation proclamation.
它没有从暴♥动♥中解放任何一个奴隶，
It doesn't free a single slave in revolt,
解放只是作为一种战争手段，
Frees is only as a war measure and only frees slaves in states
并且只解放南方控制州的奴隶，
where the Confederacy is in control,
宣言将在1月的第1天生效。
and it takes effect on the first day of January.
“1月的第1天，
"On the first day of January,
“公元1863年，
"in the year of our lord 1863,
“凡在反叛合众国的任何一州之内
"all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state,
或一州的指定地区之内，被人占有作为奴隶的人，
"the people where of shall then be in rebellion against the United States,
都应在那时及以后永远获得自♥由♥。”
shall be then, thenceforth, and forever free."
亚伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln.
9月22日，
On September 22nd,
安提坦战役后仅5天，
just five days after the battle of Antietam,
总统发表了他的解放奴隶宣言。
the President issued his emancipation proclamation.
“如果我的名字能载入史册，”林肯说，
"If my name ever goes into history," Lincoln said,
“那一定是因为这个行动。”
"it will be for this act."
南方被激怒了。
The South was outraged.
杰弗逊.戴维斯称之为
Jefferson Davis called it the "most execrable measure
“人类罪行史上最卑劣的手段。”
recorded in the history of guilty man."
在一次华盛顿晚宴上，23岁的总统秘书约翰.海伊
At a Washington dinner, John Hay, the President's 23-year-old secretary,
指出“每个人似乎都感到一种令人振奋的新生活的来临。