美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E05

Part 8 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:20 p.m.

they have helped mankind on to this great consummation."
亚伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln.
“黑人是目前局势的关键所在，
"The negro is the key to the situation,
“是全面扭转叛乱的支点。
"The pivot upon which the whole rebellion turns.
“这场战争，他们或许想掩盖真♥相♥，
"This war, disguise it as they may,
“但这实际上是不折不扣的
"is virtually nothing more or less
“普遍自♥由♥与永久奴役的对抗，
"than perpetual slavery against universal freedom,
有鉴于此，各州的废奴亟待完成。”
and to this end the free states will have to come."
弗雷德里克.道格拉斯
Frederick Douglass.
“奴隶会参战吗？
"Will the slave fight?
“如果有人问你，告诉他不，
"If any man asks you, tell him no,
“但如果有人问你黑人会参战吗，
"but if anyone asks you will a negro fight,
告诉他是的。”
tell him yes."
温德尔.菲利浦斯
（著名废奴主义者）
Wendell Phillips.
从战争打响第一枪之始，
Since the first shots were fired,
废奴主义者就向政♥府♥施压，要求将黑人投入战斗。
abolitionists had been pressing the government to put blacks into battle.
国会在1862年批准了有色人种的部队，
Congress authorized colored troops in 1862,
但过了一年后，才有第一批黑人穿上蓝制♥服♥
but a year went by before the first black men put on blue coats
到白人长官手下服役。
to serve under white officers.
“对黑人的解放运动，
"This, with the emancipation of the negro,
给予南部邦联最沉重的打击。
"is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy.
“通过武装黑人，
"By arming the negro,
“我们增加了一个强大的盟友。
"We have added a powerful ally.
他们会成为优秀的战士。”
They will make good soldiers."
尤利西斯.S.格兰特
Ulysses S. Grant.
♪♪你认为我是否会成为一名基♥督♥徒战士？♪♪
♪♪ do you think I'll make a Christian soldier?♪♪
黑人列兵每月支饷10美元，比白人少3美元。
Black privates were paid $10 a month, $3.00 less than whites.
有些团实行无偿服役，不愿屈从于这种不平等。
Several regiments served without pay rather than submit to that inequality.
黑人很少获得晋升。
Blacks were rarely promoted.
♪♪成为十字架的战士？♪♪
♪♪ make a soldier of the cross? ♪♪
许多北军士兵一开始
Many of the Union soldiers who began with
就对黑人抱有先入为主的成见，认定他们不能战斗，
stereotypical assumptions about black men, who assumed that they couldn't fight,
认为他们会把武器交给敌人，他们会逃跑之类，
that they would hand their weapons over to the enemy, that they would run and so on,
但在最恶劣的环境下，他们改变了想法。
had their minds changed in the grimmest circumstances.
某些记叙人们的想法
And some of the documents that tell the story
芭芭拉.菲尔茨历史学家
某些记叙人们的想法
And some of the documents that tell the story
芭芭拉.菲尔茨历史学家
是如何发生转变的文献，
of how people's ideas were transformed
芭芭拉.菲尔茨历史学家
芭芭拉.菲尔茨历史学家
不是那种你乐意去读的文献，
are not the sort of documents that you enjoy reading
芭芭拉.菲尔茨历史学家
不是那种你乐意去读的文献，
are not the sort of documents that you enjoy reading
因为里面说的是人们如何在死亡中结为伙伴，
because they speak of how people became companions in death,
说的是白人士兵如何看到黑人战友
of how white soldiers learned to respect their black comrades
面对身边的人被屠戮时
when they watched how they reacted
作出怎样的反应，从而学会尊重他们。
as people all around were being killed, being butchered.
[击鼓声]
[drums beating]
7月18日，征兵暴♥动♥结束后仅3天，
On July 18th, just three days after the draft riots ended,
由全部650名黑人组成的马萨诸塞第54步兵团，
650 men of the all-black 54th Massachusetts regiment
袭击了位于南加州瓦格纳炮台的一个南军阵地。
assaulted a Confederate position at Battery Wagner, South Carolina.
他们的指挥官是一位波士顿废奴主义者的儿子，
Their commander was a Boston abolitionist's son,
罗伯特.古尔德.肖恩上校
Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.
“不用说，如果这支马萨诸塞第54步兵团
面对考验时畏缩不前，
"It is not too much to say that if this Massachusetts 54th had faltered when its trial came,
“那么用他们打先锋的20万大军就永远不会投入战场，
"200,000 troops for whom it was a pioneer would never have been put into the field,
“但这个团没有畏缩。
"but it did not falter.
“它使瓦格纳要塞成为一个对黑人来说如此响亮的名字，
"It made Fort Wagner such a name for the colored race
“正如邦克山与白种北方人的关联已有90年。”
"as Bunker Hill has been for 90 years to the white Yankees."
这个团40%的人都没回来，包括肖恩上校。
40% of the regiment did not return, including Colonel Shaw.
肖恩率领他们进攻瓦格纳炮台。
Shaw led their attack on battery Wagner.
他们溃不成军。他们根本不该发动那样的冲锋。
They were cut to pieces. They never should have made that charge either.
当战斗结束时，南军控制了局面。
And when it was over, the Confederates were in control.
他们对黑人军团里的白人长官非常痛恨。
And there was very hard feeling against the white officers in black regiments.
肖恩和他的士兵被扔进一个坑里活埋了事。
Shaw was simply thrown in a burial pit with his soldiers.
肖恩的父亲后来说，他为儿子以这种方式被埋葬感到自豪。
Shaw's father later said he was proud to have him buried that way.
当旗手倒下，撤退的命令下达后，
When the flag bearer fell and the order to withdraw was given,
威廉.卡尼中士抓起旗帜，使它重新在阵地上飘扬，
Sergeant William Carney seized the colors and made it back to his lines,
尽管他的头、胸、右臂和腿都已中弹。
despite bullets in the head, chest, right arm, and leg.
他是最早一批获得荣誉勋章的23位黑人之一，
He was the first of 23 blacks awarded the medal of honor,
虽然他不得不等待了37年才能获得它。
though he had to wait 37 years to get it.
“瓦格纳要塞。
"Fort Wagner.
“我亲爱的艾米莉亚，
"My Dear Amelia,
“我已经参加了2场战斗，没有负伤。
"I have been in two fights and am unhurt.
“我认为今晚，我大概要参加另一场。
"I am about to go in another, I believe, tonight.
“我们部队那两场仗都打得很好。
"Our men fought well on both occasions.
“我不清楚如何在我是战斗中活下来的，
但现在我还活着。
"How I got out of that fight alive I cannot tell, but I am here.
“亲爱的，我希望再次见到你。
"My dear girl, I hope again to see you.
“我必须向你道别了。如果我战死，
"I must bid you farewell. Should I be killed,
“记住，如果我死了，我是为一个美好事业而死。
"Remember, if I die, I die in a good cause.
“我希望我们有一支10万人的黑人部队。
"I wish we had 100,000 colored troops.
我们将会结束这场战争。”
We would put an end to this war."
刘易斯.道格拉斯中士
Sergeant Lewis Douglass.
♪♪你是否♪♪
♪♪ do you ♪♪
♪♪想要你们的自♥由♥...♪♪
♪♪ want your freedom... ♪♪
他们只占北方人口的1%还不到，
They constituted less than 1% of the North's population,
然而战争结束时，他们构成了北军总人数的近1/10，
yet by the war's end, they would make up nearly 1/10 of the Northern army,
大多数都是被解放的黑人和逃奴。
most of them freed blacks and runaway slaves.
♪♪你是否想要你们的自♥由♥？♪♪
♪♪ do you want your freedom? ♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士♪♪
♪♪ soldiers of the cross ♪♪
85%的合格黑人男性都参加了入伍登记。
85% of the eligible black male population had signed on.
18万人参加了解放黑人的战斗。
180,000 fought to free their people.
“一旦让黑人在自己身上配上U.S.的黄铜字母，
"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters--U.S.,
“让他的纽扣上有只鹰，
" let him get an eagle on his buttons
“让他的肩头有支步♥枪♥，子弹装在他的口袋里，
"and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets,
“那么世界上就没有任何力量
"and there's no power on earth
可以否认他们从联邦那里获得的公民权利。”
which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States."
“联邦的所有军队都不会允许南方恢复奴隶制。
"The whole army of the United States could not restore the institution of slavery in the South.
“他们再也不能找回他们的奴隶，
正如无法找回他们死去的祖父。
"They can't get back their slaves any more than they can get back their dead grandfathers.
奴隶制已死。”
It is dead."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼
William Tecumseh Sherman.
有一次，一个黑人认出了南军战俘队伍中他的前主人，
Once a black Union soldier spotted his former owner among a group of Confederate prisoners.
“你好，主人，”他说，“这次门槛上了房♥梁。”
"Hello, Massa," he said, "bottom rail on top this time."
“人们都在谈论战争行将结束，
"Folks talk about the fighting being nearly over,
“但我相信还有很多苦战会接踵而至。
"but I believe there's a heap yet to come.
“让黑人们接受总统和内阁的提议——
"Let the colored men accept the offer of the president and cabinet--
“拿起武器，加入军队——
"take arms, join the army--
“那么我们会痛击叛军，
"then we'll whip the rebels,
就算‘长街’和南方所有的街都集中在查塔努加。”
（朗斯特里特将军名字意为“长街”）
even if Longstreet and all the streets of the South concentrate at Chattanooga."
杰里.沙利文
Jerry Sullivan.
《死亡之河》
紧靠田纳西河，位于2条战略上极其重要的铁路交汇点的
Hard against the Tennessee River at the meeting point of two strategically crucial railroads,
查塔努加城扼守着通往南方邦联东部
the city of Chattanooga guarded the gateway to the eastern Confederacy
和叛军在乔治亚州的军事工业区的大门。
and the rebel war industries in Georgia.
5个月来，
For five months,
北军的威廉.罗斯克兰斯将军不愿执行林肯的急令，
Union General William Rosecrans resisted Lincoln's urgent calls
把布拉克斯顿.布雷格的南军赶出田纳西，并夺取查塔努加。
to drive Braxton Bragg's Confederates out of Tennessee and seize Chattanooga.
夏天到来时，林肯要求采取更果断的行动，
When summer came, Lincoln demanded more decisive action,
罗斯克兰斯好不容易才出动，
and at long last Rosecrans moved,
展开一系列漂亮和兵不血刃的侧翼机动。
launching a series of brilliant and almost bloodless flanking maneuvers.
10天时间，他在田纳西连日暴雨中将布雷格驱赶了80英里。
In 10 days, he drove Bragg 80 miles through a relentless Tennessee rain.
“不是长老会式的零星小雨，”一位士兵回忆说，
“而是浸礼会式的倾盆大雨。”
"No Presbyterian rain, either," a soldier remembered, "but a genuine Baptist downpour."
9月，布雷格放弃了查塔努加，一路后退到
In September, Bragg abandoned Chattanooga and kept backing away
刚过田纳西州界的乔治亚境内，
until just over the Tennessee line in Georgia,
在那里他沿着一条
where he gathered his forces
名叫奇克莫加的蜿蜒小河集结兵力，
--now bolstered by Longstreet's Virginia veterans--
现在他得到了朗斯特里特的弗吉尼亚老兵支援。
along a meandering creek called Chickamauga.
奇克莫加，正如所有印第安词语，翻译过来就是“死亡之河”。
Chickamauga is, like all Indian words, interpreted to mean "the river of death".
上帝知道这到底代表什么。
God knows what it really means.
奇克莫加是一场极其恐怖的战役，
Chickamauga was a horrendous battle,
太多的突破战，太多的白刃战，