美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E03

Part 4 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

Deer Isle had lost its first soldier.
装有查尔斯.格雷私人物品的包裹
A parcel containing Charles Gray's personal effects
寄到了邮局——
arrived in the mail--
装有查尔斯.格雷私人物品的包裹
A parcel containing Charles Gray's personal effects
装有查尔斯.格雷私人物品的包裹
A parcel containing Charles Gray's personal effects
他的帽子，证明他英勇的晋升文书，
his hat, promotion papers attesting to his valor,
以及一个子弹盒，有人把打死他的残缺子弹放在里面。
and a cartridge box in which someone had placed the mangled bullet that killed him.
他母亲拒绝查看。
His mother refused to look at it.
数量锐减的渔船上的男人们艰难的出海捕捞，
The men of the reduced fishing fleet struggled to harvest a catch.
妻子们照料自家菜园，打磨制♥作♥军用绷带的亚麻布，
Wives tended kitchen gardens and scraped linen for the lint
做成软麻布。
from which army bandages were made.
又有坏消息传来。
More bad news arrived.
列兵阿莱士.亨德森在路易斯安那州杰克逊堡病逝，
Private Alex Henderson had died of disease at Fort Jackson, Louisiana,
留下一个寡妇和几个孩子。
leaving a widow and several children.
在田纳西州克拉克斯维尔，
At Clarksville, Tennessee,
市民和联邦占领军之间的紧张关系不断加剧。
tensions between the town and the occupying Union army ran high.
联邦军队肆意破坏斯图尔特学院，
Federal troops vandalized Stewart college,
捣毁实验室，盗窃书籍，然后在那里设立了指挥部。
wrecking laboratories and stealing books, then set up headquarters there.
士兵们在一个教堂举♥行♥仪式时突然冲进来，
Soldiers burst in on a church service,
逮捕了牧师，强征马匹，
arrested the preacher, commandeered horses,
并强迫不情愿的教民宣誓效忠。
and forced reluctant parishioners to take a loyalty oath.
居民们尽可能都待在家里。
As much as possible, the residents stayed at home.
如果一个北方人问一个南方人“你为什么要打仗？”
The answer that southerner would give you asked "why are you fighting?" if a northerner,
他会说“我打仗是因为你在这里”；
he would say, "I am fighting 'cause you're down here."
他正遭到侵略，他打仗是想保卫家园。
He was being invaded, and he fought as he thought to defend his home.
对林肯来说更难，他要把人派去
Lincoln had a more difficult job of sending men out
破坏别人的家园。
to shoot up somebody else's home.
而且他必须在做到这点之前，把他们团结起来。
And he had to unite them before he could do that.
他想出两个办法。
and his way of doing it was double.
一是说必须保留合众国，不能一分为二。
One was to say that the republic must be preserved, not split in two.
此外就是给他们一个理由——奴隶们的自♥由♥。
and the other one he gave them as a cause--the freeing of the slaves.
1862年7月22日上午，总统召集了一次内阁会议。
On the morning of July 22, 1862, the president called a cabinet meeting.
他说的话让所有人♥大♥吃一惊。
What he said took everyone by surprise.
思考很久之后，他告诉他们，
After long thought, he told them,
他决定解放奴隶。
he had decided to emancipate the slaves.
那是一个无比震撼的时刻。
It was a stunning moment.
这与林肯向所有共和党人和整个国家的
It was against everything Lincoln had promised
作出过的承诺背道而驰——
all the republicans and indeed the country--
威廉.萨菲尔记者
作出过的承诺背道而驰——
all the republicans and indeed the country--
威廉.萨菲尔记者
他说过，他不会成为一个废奴主义者，
that he would not become an abolitionist,
威廉.萨菲尔记者
他说过，他不会成为一个废奴主义者，
that he would not become an abolitionist,
他不会打击现存的奴隶制。
he would not strike at slavery where it existed.
突然，他转换了战争角色。
Here, suddenly, he was changing the character of the war.
但苏华德国务卿担心，除非北军赢得一场真正的胜利，
But secretary of state Seward worried that until the army had won a real victory,
解放奴隶看起来就像末路哀嚎。
emancipation would seem like the last shriek on the retreat.
林肯同意等待一场胜利。
Lincoln agreed to wait for a victory.
很难将两个问题分割开来，很显然，
林肯必须赢得战争。
It's hard to separate one issue from another. obviously, Lincoln had to win the war.
他必须保持自己的体面，
He had to keep his respectability
作为一国总统，他绝不允许自己
as president of a country that would not allow itself to be defeated
被一帮叛军打败。
by a group of rebels.
因此这一直是个问题，尤其在1862年。
So that was always an issue, and it was especially an issue in 1862.
他不能因为坚持这些无法在战场上证明的原则，
He could not let himself be made a fool and the Union be made a fool
而让自己和联邦被人笑话。
by standing up for principles that could not be vindicated on the battlefield.
《拯救联邦》
♪♪我读过炽热的福音圣书♪♪
♪♪ I have read a fiery gospel ♪♪
《拯救联邦》
♪♪我读过炽热的福音圣书♪♪
♪♪ I have read a fiery gospel ♪♪
♪♪在闪亮的刀剑丛林♪♪
♪♪ writ in burnished rows of steel ♪♪
♪♪汝等讨♥伐♥藐视我的人♪♪
♪♪ As ye deal with my contemners ♪♪
♪♪则我赋予你恩宠♪♪
♪♪ so with you my grace shall deal ♪♪
♪♪愿人世间英雄♪♪
♪♪ Let the hero born of woman ♪♪
♪♪以脚跟踩死那毒蛇♪♪
♪♪ crush the serpent with his heel ♪♪
♪♪因为上帝恩领迈进♪♪♪♪
♪♪ Since God is marching on ♪♪♪♪
极度渴望胜利的林肯调离了麦克莱伦，
Desperate for a victory, Lincoln removed McClellan
让身材高大、夸夸其谈的约翰.波普领军。
and put tall, bombastic John Pope in command.
波普经常自诩他的指挥部就在马鞍上，
Pope so often bragged that his headquarters were in the saddle,
人们于是说他的指挥部
people began to say he had his headquarters
应该在他的后臀所在的地方。
where his hindquarters should have been.
林肯一开始就被警告说，
Lincoln was warned at the start that
不要相信波普会说实话。
Pope couldn't be trusted with telling the truth.
林肯却说，“我在伊利诺伊和波普一家早就认识。
And Lincoln said, "I've known the Popes back in Illinois.
“他们家我都认识，他们都是撒谎和吹牛的人，
"I known all of them, they're all liars and braggarts,
“但我确实不明白，为什么一个说谎者和大话王
"but I don't know the particular reason why a liar and a braggart
就不能成为一个好的将军。”
shouldn't make a good general."
波普争分夺秒的挺进北弗吉尼亚追击叛军，
Pope wasted no time charging into Northern Virginia after the rebel armies,
但从一开始他就陷入了麻烦。
but he was in trouble from the start.
首先，“石墙”杰克逊在雪松山和他形成对峙阵势。
First, Stonewall Jackson fought him to a stand-off at Cedar Mountain.
接着杰布.斯图尔特袭击了他，
Jeb Stuart hit him next,
闯入他的司令部，抢走3万5千美元现金，
raiding his headquarters and getting away with $35,000 in cash
以及联邦总司令制♥服♥。
and the Union commander's dress coat.
然后叛军就消失了。
Then the rebels simply disappeared.
波普花了两天时间寻找他们，
It took Pope two days to find them,
沿着一条废弃的铁路挖战壕，
远处就是昔日的布尔溪战场。
dug in along an abandoned railroad overlooking the old Bull Run battlefield.
8月29日波普发动进攻，想要把敌人“包饺子”。
On August 29th, Pope attacked, promising to "bag the whole crowd."
但南军坚持住了，
But the Confederates held,
杰克逊的部队在弹♥药♥耗尽时猛扔石头。
Jackson's men hurling rocks when ammunition ran low.
次日下午2时，南军的詹姆斯.朗斯特里特将军
At 2:00 the next afternoon, Confederate general James Longstreet
派出5个师向北军侧翼猛攻。
sent five divisions storming into the Union flank.
这是又一次北军的灾难。
It was another Union disaster.
2万5千人在第二次布尔溪战役中死伤或失踪，
25,000 men were killed, wounded, or missing at Second Bull Run,
这个数字5倍于曾震惊全国的
Five times the figure that had so horrified the country
南北双方首次在此交战时的伤亡。
the first time North and South fought there.
林肯派波普西征明尼苏达，
Lincoln sent Pope west to Minnesota
对付印第安苏族人的暴♥动♥，
to deal with an uprising among the Sioux
又不情愿的让乔治.麦克莱伦重新领军。
and reluctantly put George McClellan back in command.
“我们只能使用手头的工具，”林肯说。
"We must use the tools we have," Lincoln said.
麦克莱伦告诉他的妻子，他被再次征召拯救国家。
McClellan told his wife he had been called upon to save the country once again.
“我们会问北卡罗莱纳人他们有没有柏油，
"We would ask the North Carolinians that if they had any tar
“把他们称为‘柏油脚跟’。
"and call them Tar Heels.
“他们会回答说刚用完，
"And they would replied they were just out,
“因为他们把柏油都给了我们弗吉尼亚人，
把我们牢牢粘在最后决战中，
"as they'd let us Virginians have it all to make us stick in the last fight
“并把我们叫作‘背痛者’，
"and call us sore backs,
“因为他们踩着我们进入战斗，
把我们背上的皮都踏破了。
"as they'd knocked the skin off our backs running over us to get into battle.
会有这样的事，但大家都心情舒畅，
明白各自都尽了职责。”
And so it would go, but all in the best humor, knowing all did their duty."
约翰.卡斯勒，弗吉尼亚步兵团石墙旅33团。
John Casler, 33rd regiment, Virginia infantry, Stonewall's brigade.
你必须记住他们都来自同一个州。
You must remember they were all from the same state.
他们追随同一面旗帜。
They had followed the same flag.
他们打过的那些战役的名字被缝在旗子上。
The battles they had fought in, the names were stitched on that flag.
那会带来巨大的集体自豪感。
And there was a great deal of unit pride.
我相信还有对他们所遭受损失的巨大悲痛。
I'm sure there was a great deal of sadness over the losses they suffered.
但在这些人中间却存在着一种亲密，
But there was a closeness among those men
多年来这场我所知最可怕战争的
历史资料揭示了这一点。
that came from years of being exposure to the most horrendous warfare I know of.
“亲爱的爸爸，第二天早上，我们打了第二仗。
"Dear father, the next morning, We had our second battle.
“我听到圆弹在距头顶1英寸处发出的尖叫声，
那是相当奇怪的声音。
"It was rather strange music to hear the balls scream within an inch of my head.
“我正准备开火时，一颗子弹击中了我的头顶。
"I had a bullet struck me on top of the head just as I was going to fire.
“一块弹片击中了我的脚，一颗圆弹击中我的手指，
另一颗击中了拇指。
"A piece of shell struck my foot, a ball hit my finger, another hit my thumb.
“射击声增大了10倍，听起来像雷声滚滚，
"The firing increased tenfold, then it sounded like the rolls of thunder,
“每个人一直在尽力大喊。
"and all the time every man shouting as loud as he could.
我受惊过度，再也不想经历第二次。”
I got rather more excited than I wish to again."
“今早我看到前些天战死的一个人的尸体，
"I saw the body of a man killed the previous day this morning,
“真是恐怖的景象。
"and a horrible sight it was.
“这样的景象对我的影响已不如从前。
"Such sights don't affect me as they once did.
“我无法描述这种转变，也不知道何时发生，
"I cannot describe the change, nor do I know when it took place,
“我只是知道我变了，
"Yet I know there is a change,
因为现在我看到一具人类尸体的感觉，几乎类似于
for I look on the carcass of a man now with pretty much the same feeling
以前对死马和死猪的不安。”
I were do worried a horse or a hog."