美国内战（1990）

The Civil War S01E02

Part 1 Jan. 16, 2022, 8:19 p.m.

在华盛顿特区的威拉德旅馆，
At the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C.,
诗人茱莉亚.沃德.豪从一个气势恢宏的梦中醒来。
the poet Julia Ward Howe awoke from a spectacular dream.
那天，她听见一个新英格兰军团列队歌♥唱，
That day, she had heard a New England regiment singing on parade
脑中回荡着歌♥曲《约翰.布朗之躯》睡去。
and had fallen asleep with the song John Brown's body ringing in her head.
现在在黑暗中，她起身并用一支
铅笔头匆匆写下诗句。
Now in the dark, she got up and scribbled out the words with a pencil stub.
她把她的诗以4美元的价格卖♥♥给了《大西洋月刊》。
She sold her poem to The Atlantic Monthly for $4.00.
那成了联邦的国歌♥。
It became the anthem of the Union.
♪ 我的双眼已看到♪
♪ mine eyes have seen the glory ♪
♪ 我主降临的荣耀♪
♪of the coming of the lord ♪
♪ 他正践踏着美酒之地♪
♪ he is trampling out the vintage ♪
♪ 那里愤怒的葡萄经年累积♪
♪ where the grapes of wrath are stored ♪
♪ 他已释出命运的雷电♪
♪ he hath loosed the fateful lightning ♪
♪ 以他迅捷的夺命之剑♪
♪ of his terrible swift sword♪
♪ 他的真理正前行♪
♪ his truth is marching on ♪
《美国内战》
第2集
1862年，俄♥国♥废除了农奴制。
By 1862, Russia had emancipated the Serfs.
在法国，维克多.雨果出版了《悲惨世界》。
In France, Victor Hugo published les Miserables,
莱昂.傅科测量了光速。
and Jean Bernard Foucault measured the speed of light.
在美国，联邦通过了第一个
国税法案来支付战争开销。
In America, The United States passed the first national income tax to pay for war.
加特林机♥枪♥被发明出来，这改变了战争本身。
The gatling gun was invented, and war itself was changing.
布尔溪和威尔逊河令人震惊的伤亡数字，
The shocking casualties of Bull Run and Wilson's Creek
在一场接一场的战役之后显得相形见绌。
were dwarfed by battle after battle.
现在新的问题是——
and now there were new questions--
北方的力量会被领导不力
和士气低迷所抵消吗？
Would the North's strength be offset by incompetence and low morale?
英格兰会站在南方和棉花一边吗？
Would England side with cotton and the South?
谁能控制密西西比河？
Who would control the Mississippi?
一年来，这个国家，现在是
两个国家分崩离析。
For a year, the nation, now two nations, had torn itself apart.
从查尔斯顿海湾一个人工岛上
一场不流血的争斗开始，
From a bloodless duel over a man-made island in Charleston Harbor,
战争沿着一千英里的战线展开，
the war had spread along a thousand-mile line
从弗吉尼亚州的马纳萨斯，
到密苏里州的上海，以及更多地方。
from Manassas, Virginia, to Shanghai, Missouri, and beyond.
1862年开始时，超过一百万人
集结起来准备开仗。
As 1862 began, over a million men were massing for war.
在田纳西的激烈争夺中，
来自坎伯兰郡克拉克斯维尔的人们
In a fierce struggle for Tennessee, the people of Clarksville 0n the Cumberland
发现他们在自己家中成为囚徒。
found themselves prisoners in their own homes.
更远的北方战斗中，缅因州迪尔岛的
人们也经历过这样的遭遇——
Far north of any fighting, the people of Deer Isle, Maine, suffered, too--
不幸的消息从那些他们大多
没听说过名字的地方传来。
with sad news from places most of them had never heard of.
战争结束时，弗吉尼亚温切斯特的小镇
By the end of the war, the little town of Winchester, Virginia,
已经易手72次。
had changed hands 72 times.
萨姆.沃特金斯，一名邦联列兵，
会看到他的第一次大战役
Sam Watkins, a Confederate private, would see his first big battle
在四月的田纳西河畔。
in April on the banks of the Tennessee.
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯，一名来自罗德岛的
普罗维登斯的小职员，
Elisha Hunt Rhodes, a clerk from providence, Rhode Island,
将会在一个联邦的营地庆祝他的20岁生日。
would celebrate his 20th birthday in a Union camp.
联邦将军乔治.麦克莱伦，他军队的偶像，
Union General George McClellan, the idol of his troops,
将塑造一支强大的军队并领军南下里士满，
would fashion a mighty army and lead it south towards Richmond,
在那里罗伯特.李正在等着他。
where Robert E. Lee was waiting.
“今天的斗争”，林肯告诉国会，
“不全部是为了今天，
"The struggle of today," Lincoln told congress, "is not altogether for today.
也是为了更远的未来。”
it is for a vast future also."
现在，在这第二个年头，
Now, in this, its second year,
战争演变成一场关于自♥由♥的未来的斗争。
the war was becoming a struggle over the future of freedom.
“这确实是，嗯...
"it really is one of those, um...
谢尔比.富特作家
“这确实是，嗯...
"it really is one of those, um...
谢尔比.富特作家
具有转折性意义的事件之一。
one of those watershed things. it was a huge chasm
谢尔比.富特作家
具有转折性意义的事件之一。
one of those watershed things. it was a huge chasm
战争的开始与结束之间，
是一个巨大的深渊。
between the beginning and the end of the war.
国家正直面一个可怕的悲剧，
The nation had come face-to-face with a dreadful tragedy,
而面对悲剧，我们作出的反应
正如一个家庭会做的那样。
and we reacted the way a family would do with a dreadful tragedy.
那是无法想象的，任何
可怕的事情都可能发生。
it was almost inconceivable that anything that horrendous could happen.
你必须记住南北战争的伤亡人数
You must remember that casualties in civil war battles
远比我们所能想象的要高得多得多。
were so far beyond anything we can imagine now.
如果今天我们一场战役有10%伤亡率，
那就会被看作一场大屠♥杀♥。
if we had 10% casualties in a battle today, it would be looked on as a blood bath.
他们在一些战役中有30%伤亡率，
而且一场接一场。
they had 30% in several battles, and one after another, you see.
《1862 腥风血雨》
“今天下午，看到将军独自在办公室，
"This afternoon, seeing the General alone in the office,
“我走上前说，将军，我想回家。
"I stepped up to him and said, "General, I want to go home.
“今天下午，看到将军独自在办公室，
"This afternoon, seeing the General alone in the office,
“我走上前说，将军，我想回家。
"I stepped up to him and said, "General, I want to go home.
“回家，为什么？他回应道。
"Want to go home, and for what? he replied.
“因为我找不到一个借口，
我脱口而出，我想见我妈妈。
"as I could not think of an excuse, I blurted out, I want to see my mother.
“她病了吗？他问。
"Is she sick? he asked.
“没有，我回答，但愿没有。
"no,I I replied, I hope not.
“他接着问我离家多久了，
"he then asked me how long since I left home and
“是否我以前离开过这么久。
"if I was ever away for so long a time before.
“我告诉他我已服役7个月
"I told him that I had been in the service 7 months
“而且从未独自离家这么久。
"and never been away from home alone before.
“好吧，将军说，你已经是一个好孩子，
"well, said the General, you have been a good boy,
给你10天假期。”
and you shall have a furlough for 10 days."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯
Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
“我总是朝列兵射击。
"I always shot at privates.
“因为是他们在开枪或杀人，
"it was they that did the shooting and killing,
“而如果我能打死或打伤一个敌方列兵，
"and if I could kill or wound a private,
“为什么，因为那样我的生存机会就会增大。
"why, my chances were so much the better.
我总是把那些军官看作无害的人物。”
I always looked on officers as harmless personages."
山姆.沃特金斯
Sam Watkins.
山姆.沃特金斯所在H连的指挥官是威廉.H.约翰斯顿上尉。
The commander of Sam Watkins' company H was Captain William R. Johnston.
他的直接上司是田纳西第1志愿步兵团的乔治.梅尼上校。
His immediate superior was Colonel George Maney of the 1st Tennessee.
从那里，邦联的指挥链上达
from there, the Confederate chain of command ascended through
第2旅的威廉.斯蒂芬斯上校
Colonel William H. Stephens of the 2nd Brigade
上到第2师团师长本杰明.奇塔姆将军，
to General Benjamin Cheatham, commander of the 2nd Division
隶属于李欧尼达斯.波克将军的第1集团军，
of General Leonidas Polk's 1st army corps,
再上到密西西比军团司令
then to General Albert Sidney Johnston,
爱尔伯.西德尼.姜斯顿将军，
commander of the army of the Mississippi,
再往上，到达战争部长乔治.伦道夫...
above that, to war secretary George W. Randolph...
最后，到杰佛逊.戴维斯，
Finally, to Jefferson Davis,
美♥利♥坚♥联盟国的总统。
President of the Confederate States of America.
对于一名联邦士兵来说，
指挥链自林肯总统而下，
For one Union soldier, the chain of command descended from President Lincoln,
到战争部长西蒙.卡梅伦，
secretary of war Simon Cameron,
以及波托马克军团司令麦克莱伦，
and General McClellan, commander of the army of the Potomac,
到联邦第4军团司令伊拉斯谟.凯斯将军，
to General Erasmus Keyes, commander of the Union 4th Corps,
“柯奇旅”的达利斯.柯奇将军，
General Darius N. Couch of "Couch's Brigade"
到罗得岛州第2志愿步兵团司令弗兰克.惠顿上校，
to Colonel Frank Wheaton, commander of the 2nd Rhode Island volunteers,
最后到列兵以利沙.亨特.罗德斯。
and finally, to Private Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
“1862年1月31日。
"January 31, 1862.
“烂泥，烂泥，烂泥。
"mud, mud, mud.
“我正在考虑在我们办公室到国会大厦间的
"I'm thinking of starting a steamboat line to run on
“宾夕法尼亚大道上开通一条轮船航线。
"Pennsylvania Avenue between our office and the Capitol.
难道烂泥永远都不会干，
好让部队能够行动吗？”
Will the mud never dry so the army can move?"
“在所有令人厌恶的地方之中，
华盛顿排第一。
"Of all detestable places, Washington is the first.
“拥挤，炎热，糟糕的街区，
糟糕的食物，糟糕的气味，
"crowd, heat, bad quarters, bad fare, bad smells,
“蚊虫，
"mosquitoes,
“苍蝇带来的瘟疫真是骇人听闻。
"and a plague of flies transcending everything within my experience.
“想必魔鬼主宰着这里，
"Beelzebub surely reigns here,
威拉德旅馆就是他的宫殿。”
and Willard's hotel is his Temple."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗
George Templeton Strong.
自从林肯当上总统
——对大多数总统来说都是如此——
Throughout Lincoln's presidency--and this is true of most Presidents--
他就快要被跑官要官的人逼疯了，
he was fairly run crazy by office seekers,
尤其他的竞选经理曾对很多人许诺过官职，
especially at the start when his campaign managers had promised jobs
而现在这些人上门要官来了。
to a great many people who came to collect them.
一天，某人去见他，他看起来格外忧郁。