波士顿市政厅（2020）

财政预算是一系列财政文件
The Budget is a set of financial documents.
是关于我们如何花钱 筹资
It's how we spend money, how we raise money,
发工资的计划
how we decide how to pay everyone's salary.
但同时 也是一份优先申明
But it's also a statement of priorities.
这座城市在一年中 停下脚步
It's one annual time a year that the city can take a pause
对过往进行评估
and take stock of what's going on,
做过的决策
what are the decisions we've made,
需要做的决定
the decisions we need to make,
城市在发生怎样的变化
how is the city changing
我们又如何投资 做出改变
and how do we make investments to do that.
财政预算指的是
The budget refers to
包含日常运营方面的内容
both the day to day operational side of things,
大家的薪水
so that's everyone's salaries,
水电暖气的费用
that's what you pay for utilities, that's what you pay for heat.
包括 未来五年的资本计划
It also means the capital plan which is what we do for five years,
大项目 比如修路 建桥 开学校
big projects, like roads and bridges and schools
所有其他重大事项
and all the big stuff that you see.
波士顿预算参数 意思是
Boston's Budget Parameters. By that we mean,
我们无法满足
we cant do everything that everybody wants
所有人的需求
all at the same time.
我们正处于
The reason that is, is because we live in
财政并不宽裕的情况
a really kind of constrained fiscally tight structure.
我们不能像
What I mean by that is
联邦政♥府♥一样财政赤字
we can't run a deficit like the Federal government.
州法要求我们 每年都必须收支平衡
The State law requires us to have a balanced budget every year
我们自己收入的增幅是受限的
and we are capped in what we can raise in our own revenues.
我们的收入 被2.5%的房♥产税限制
We're capped by our property tax at 2.5 %,
无法像全国或州里其他城市那样
we also don't have the ability to say raise an income tax
提高收入税
like other cities across the country or the State.
所以 我们的财政状况非常严峻
So we're living within a pretty tight fiscally constrained world.
因此 我们必须进行战略投资
Which means we have to make strategic investments.
分清轻重缓急
We have to make priorities,
权衡利弊
to make trade-offs between what those things are.
预算收紧 也并非全无益处
The reason that that is a good thing at the end of the day
因为当经济
is because when there is an economic downturn
像2010年一样不景气的时候
like there was in 2010,
我们比其他州应对得更好
we do a lot better than the State,
比本国其他城市乡镇都要好得多
a lot better than other cities and towns across the country.
许多资历丰富的城镇 在2010年大幅裁员
A lot of other seasoned towns had massive layoffs in 2010
当时的经济衰退
when the economy tanked.
州政♥府♥有10亿美元的预算赤字
The State obviously ran a billion dollar budget deficit.
而本市因为独有的运行模式
This city, because of the way it's run
过去的金融管理方式已经改变
and because of the way the history of financial management has gone,
所以我们毫发无伤地逃过一劫
actually came out on the other side pretty unscathed.
我们避开了很多坑
And frankly we avoided a lot of the pitfalls
也避开了很多
and a lot of the negative consequences
2010年经济衰退 带来的负面影响
that came with the economic recession in 2010.
最后我们的财政收入是多少呢
What do we have for revenue at the end of the day?
我们从各种项目筹集资金
We collect money in different buckets as you can see right here.
19年联邦财政预算大约33亿美元
The FY19 budget is about 3.3 billion.
70%来自房♥产税
70 % of that comes from property taxes.
政♥府♥补助占13%
State aide makes up of about 13 %
然后有其它收入 消费税 当地许可证
and then we have other revenue, excises, local permits,
还有现存的其他类型的收入
all these other types of things that are out there in the world.
房♥产税很关键
Property tax is vital.
我们每年都会收 现存房♥产的2.5%
Property tax is not only 2.5 % we grow every year on our existing property,
还有一些新的增长
but also what we call new growth
包括新增写♥字♥楼♥ 住♥宅♥
which is the new buildings, new residential
每年新增的所有建筑
all the new construction that comes into the city every year,
这很难预测
which is a little bit harder to predict
但最终
but at the end of the day
这些收入 占我们运营开销的大部分
is a lot of what we build our bread and butter on.
在过去几年 才能开展战略投资
That's how we've been able to make strategic investments over the last few years
继续推动城市发展
and continue to kind of push the city forward.
政♥府♥补助占了13%
State aid is on there at 13 %.
10年前 政♥府♥补助占20%
Ten years ago, that used to be about 20 %.
20年前 是30%
And 20 years ago, it used to be 30 %.
如今政♥府♥补助
So that means that the State used to
占预算比例变小了
represent a much bigger portion of our budget:
政♥府♥补助也确实在下调
that's both a decrease in what we call State aid at the end of the day,
过去几年 房♥产税占比很重
and property taxes has been so strong in the last few years.
这实际上 也增加了我们对它的依赖
That actually helped increase our reliance as well.
总的来说 我们在成长
So overall we're in a growing environment.
每年增长大概4%到5%
We grow about 4 or 5 % every year.
这些增长来自于 房♥产税
That's both from the property tax
以及 我们去年推出的
and other strategic revenue initiatives
其它战略性收入举措
that we push forward in the last year.
接下来是 33亿美元的预算开支情况
Moving onto how we spend the $3.3 billion dollars.
现在主要是五大内容
It's in basically 5 big buckets right now.
很显然 每一项都很复杂
There's obviously a lot of complexity that goes into each of those.
第一个 大家应该都很熟悉
The first one should be familiar for everyone.
教育花费了预算的40%
Education represents about 40 % of the budget.
包括波士顿公立学校 和特许学校
That's both BPS and Charter Schools.
很显然市长上任后
Obviously both of those have been increasing
这两项都在增加
since the Mayor's been in office.
每年最后2亿多美元 被用于公立学校
$200 million more per year for BPS as a part of the last budget
而我们的特许学校
and our charter assessment
那时候预算额外高达1亿美元
is up another $100 million dollars in that time.
所以 市长上任后
So since the Mayor's been in office,
教育花费就增长至大约3亿美元
education spending has increased by about $300 million
我们应该自豪
which is something to be proud of.
公共安全 包括警♥察♥和火警
Public safety, that's Police and Fire.
预算高达20%
They make up about 20 % of the budget.
有关部门 比如像街道 医疗诊所 公园
City departments. That's things like streets, PHC, Parks
在这里的每个人
and everyone in this room.
我们是预算中最小的一部分
We make up the smallest portion of this budget
但是重要的一部分
but it's an important part of it.
其实这是我们想加大预算的地方
And frankly, it's something that we tried to grow a lot more
但预算的不同部分
but there are a lot of demands
都存在需求
on many different parts of the City budget.
比如养老金 和州债票息之类的固定费用
Fixed costs like pensions and debt service
还有医保
and then finally Healthcare
支撑着 所有其他有关部门
that support all the other city departments
33亿美元的大头基本都花在了
are basically how we spend the majority of that 3.3 billion
经营预算的这些固定费用上
on the operating budget side.
另一个财政预算的大头是
The other big piece of the budget that we have
资本计划
is the capital plan.
这里的这个图示
Right here is a map of what we have
从上到下列出了
from a top down view of all the different types
各种项目
of projects that we have out there.
这项规划 预算为24亿美元
It's a 2.4 billion dollar plan
覆盖5年内用于投资建设 马路 桥 学校 图书馆等等
over 5 years to invest in roads and bridges
重大基础设施
and schools and libraries and all the great things that you have out there.
很多人 尤其是评级机构
A lot of folks, especially in the rating agency world
还有买♥♥了州债的人
and people who buy our debt at the end of the day want to see
都希望我们 正常开展投资
that we're making investments in places that we planned for.
因此市长承诺
That's why the Mayor committed
10%的新进资金 用于应对气候变化
10 % of all new capital funding towards climate resiliency.
10亿美元用于 公立学校建设
We have the billion dollar build BPS plan
以及其它在投资项目
and a whole host of other things that we're investing in.
每年资金计划 都长达5年
The annual capital plan is over a 5 year period
这些项目的规模比较大
because these projects are typically bigger in scope.
我们为此借款
We borrow money for them
也用经营预算 支付债券票息
and we pay for it on the operating budget side for debt service.
州债与经营预算不可分割
So they're companion piece to the operating budget,
也与经营预算
but something that goes through the very similar process to
运用过程相似
what we do on the operating side.
我们来此参加 贝卡和茉莉的婚礼
We have come to join Becka and Molly in marriage,
婚礼是欢愉的庆典
a wedding is a joyful celebration
庆贺你们今日的诺言
of the promises you make today.