彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

1939年9月2日
The 2nd of September, 1939.
英国客轮雅典人号♥
The British passenger liner
从利物浦的码头启航
the SS Athenia departs the docks of Liverpool
开始穿越北大西洋前往加拿大
to journey across the North Atlantic to Canada.
在当时 搭乘客轮
Passenger liners in those days
是去世界各地旅行的主要方式
were the main means of getting about the world.
船上有各种阶层各种国籍的人
You had a mixture of classes and a mixture of nationalities.
在长达12周或是更久的旅程中 船就是你的家
And that was your home for anything up to 12 weeks or more.
在航行的第二天
On the second day of the voyage,
距离这条船最近的陆地 也在320公里以外
the ship is 200 miles from the nearest land,
乘客们正在享用晚餐
and the passengers are enjoying an evening meal.
雅典人号♥正在大洋上穿行
The Athenia is plowing through the ocean.
在夜色之中 晚上七点
Dim light, seven o'clock in the evening.
船上的乘客正在酒吧中喝酒
On board, people are having a drink in the bar,
在各个餐厅中用餐
in one or other of the restaurants having a meal.
突然之间传来一声巨响
And suddenly there is a thud.
灯光熄灭了
The lights go out.
船又被撞击了一次
And the ship's hit a second time.
乘客们开始变得非常惊恐
And then people began to get really scared.
没人知道这是什么情况 或许他们撞到了什么东西
Nobody really knows what it is. Maybe they've hit something.
所有人都还记得泰坦尼克号♥
Everybody remembered the Titanic.
或许他们撞到了冰山
Maybe they'd hit an iceberg.
船开始倾斜
Then the ship began to list.
乘客们很快就明白他们得上救生艇了
It was very quickly evident that they had to get to the lifeboats.
有些人掉进了水里
Some… were in the water
未能登上救生艇
and didn't make it into the lifeboats.
大约有120人丧生
Around about 120 lost their lives.
其中有16名儿童
And among them were 16 children.
他们是第二次世界大战的
These were the... the first victims
第一批受害者
of the Second World War.
彩色二战：胜利之路
第 2 集 大西洋战役
1939年9月3日
On the 3rd of September, 1939,
在希♥特♥勒♥入侵波兰之后 英国首相内维尔·张伯伦对德宣战
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declares war on Germany after Hitler invades Poland.
仅八小时之后
Just eight hours later,
一艘德国潜艇击沉了 英国客轮雅典人号♥
a German submarine sinks British passenger ship the SS Athenia.
船上的受害者包括 逃离欧洲的犹太难民
The victims on board include Jewish refugees fleeing Europe,
撤离英国的儿童
children evacuating Britain,
还有大量美国公民
and a large number of American citizens.
民船不能被攻击
There is a pact and understanding
这是有条约和谅解规定的
that civilian vessels should not be attacked.
但战争才刚刚开始
And yet here, on the opening hours of the war,
一艘U型潜艇就击沉了雅典人号♥
a U-boat is attacking and sinking the SS Athenia.
这次攻击被国际谴责为战争犯罪
The strike is internationally condemned as a war crime.
如果你一直在担心纳粹的野蛮行径
If you'd been worrying about the kind of barbarity of the Nazis
以及他们会变得多么冷酷 那么这就是一个明证
and how ruthless they were going to be, here you've got it handed on a plate
正如你所料
exactly what you can expect.
希♥特♥勒♥的宣传部长 约瑟夫·戈培尔
Hitler's propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels,
宣传英国故意击沉自己的船只
claims Britain sank its own ship deliberately,
并归罪于 英国海军大臣温斯顿·丘吉尔
and blames it on the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill.
德国人直接就说 “不是我们干的”
The Germans simply said, "We didn't do it."
戈培尔发出广播说 “知道是谁干的吗是丘吉尔”
Goebbels sent out a broadcast saying, "You know who did it? Churchill did it."
“他故意这么做就是为了让德国难看”
"He did it on purpose to make Germany look bad."
这是假新闻
"It's fake news."
并没有这样的事情
"It didn't really happen."
不少美国人似乎相信这是真的
Some Americans appeared to believe this.
这并没有持续多久 但也看得出那时宣传战的重要性
It didn't last for long, but it is a measure of how
跟有人死去的真正战争一样重要
this was a propaganda game at this time, as well as a real war in which real people were starting to die.
而实际上发出攻击命令的是 弗里茨-朱利叶斯·莱姆普少尉
In reality, the hit order was issued by Lieutenant Fritz-Julius Lemp,
这位德军潜艇指挥官之后宣称
a German submarine commander who later claimed
他错误地向雅典人号♥开了火
he fired at the Athenia in error.
莱姆普本人并没有 将这次击沉记入日志中
Lemp himself doesn't record the sinking in his logbook,
因为他意识到自己犯了错误 但这已经太晚了
because he realizes the mistake he's made, but, you know, it's too late.
已经无可挽回了
Can't do anything about it.
英国迅速做出反应
Britain is quick to react
对德国实施了海上封锁
and imposes a naval blockade of Germany.
这会切断德国的贸易供给线
This cuts off the country's merchants' supply lines
并阻止纳粹德国海军出动战舰
and stops the German Navy, the Kriegsmarine, from launching its warships.
但德国不会被围困太久
But Germany won't be fenced in for long.
第三帝国有一件强大的武器
The Third Reich has a potent weapon
已经建造多年了
that's been years in the making.
回到1919年
Back in 1919,
德国在输掉第一次世界大战之后
Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
被迫签署凡尔赛条约
after losing the First World War.
这项和平条约规定 德国要为挑起战争负责
The peace treaty held Germany responsible for starting the war
并限制了德国♥军♥队的规模
and restricted the size of its military.
海军被限制不得超过一万五千人
Its Navy was limited to 15,000 men
并且不能拥有潜艇
and could not include submarines.
凡尔赛条约是20世纪
The Versailles Peace Treaty was the greatest political mistake
最大的政♥治♥错误
of the 20th century,
因为条约把愤怒
because it left anger,
以及羞辱都留在了德国一边
humiliation on the German side.
所以当希♥特♥勒♥掌权之后 有很多德国人
And so, when Hitler came to power,
都很欢迎他掌权 因为希♥特♥勒♥被看做是
many Germans greeted his coming to power,
报仇雪恨的正确人选
because Hitler was seen as the right man to avenge this disgrace.
早在1922年
As early as 1922,
德国就规避了限制
Germany circumvents the restrictions
秘密开♥发♥了U型潜艇
by secretly developing their submarines called U-boats.
当希♥特♥勒♥在30年代掌权之后
With Hitler's rise to power in the '30s,
产量还增加了
the production increases.
他们还在荷兰成立了秘密开♥发♥办公室
A secret development office was established in the Netherlands.
在签署了凡尔赛条约之后
So they tried to keep up with the state-of-the-art naval technology
他们依然试图跟上最先进的海军技术
and try to prepare for the time
试图做好准备
after the... the Versailles restrictions.
1935年 英国试图改善与德国的关系
In 1935, Britain attempts to improve relations with Germany
于是与其签署了新的海军条约
by signing a new naval treaty
允许德国再次建造潜艇
that allows Germany to build submarines again.
有趣的是 在签署条约之后仅几周
It is interesting that only a few weeks after signing this treaty,
德国就重新发布了全新的U型潜艇
the Germans re-introduced their new U-boats,
因为他们早在20年代 就已经秘密设计好了
because they had secretly designed it already during the 1920s.
等到第二次世界大战开战
When the Second World War begins,
德国最先进的U型潜艇舰队
Germany's state-of-the-art U-boat fleet is the perfect countermeasure
就成为了应对英国海上封锁的 最佳反制手段
for Britain's naval blockade.
潜艇可以潜入到海上封锁之下
A submarine can get underneath a naval blockade
而水面舰只却很难做到
in a way that a surface vessel will find it much harder to do so,
所以他们打造出一支U型潜艇大军 是非常有道理的
so it makes perfect sense for them to kind of build up a U-boat army.
在雅典人号♥被击沉一个月之后
A month after sinking the Athenia,
德国开始着手证明 他们最先进的U型潜艇
Germany sets out to prove its state-of-the-art U-boats
能够挑战英国皇家海军
can take on the British Royal Navy.
所有德国人都知道皇家海军很庞大 英国是一个海洋国家
Everyone in Germany knows the Royal Navy is huge, knows that this Britain is a maritime power,
所以如果你能超过英国 那就非常好了
so if you can get one over Britain, that looks really good.
德国海军最高统帅部命令 一位叫做京特·普里恩的
The German Navy's high command
大胆的U型潜艇指挥官
order a daring U-boat commander called Günther Prien…
驾驶潜艇潜入斯卡帕湾
to sneak his submarine into Scapa Flow,
那里是苏格兰海岸外的 一个英国海军基地
a British Naval base off the coast of Scotland.
京特·普里恩的任务非常大胆
Günther Prien's mission was quite a bold action.
闯入皇家海军的主要港口之一 是非常危险的
It was quite dangerous to enter one of the main harbors of the Royal Navy.
但是 英国舰队已经出海
However, the home fleet was at sea,
只有陈旧且过时的 皇家橡树号♥战列舰还停泊在港内
and only the old, obsolete battleship Royal Oak was still at anchor,
所以她成为了首要目标
and so she became its prime target.
普里恩趁着皇家橡树号♥还在停泊中
Prien fires several torpedoes at the Royal Oak
向其发射了数枚鱼雷
while she's still at her mooring.
皇家橡树号♥很快就侧翻了
The ship turned over to its side very fast indeed.
几分钟之内 船员就落水了
Within minutes…the crew were into the sea,
试图呼吸
gasping for air.
在几小时之内
And within a matter of hours,
八百三十三名英军官兵就被溺毙
833 serving officers and men had drowned.
失去皇家海军的旗舰沉重打击了英国
The loss of the Royal Navy's flagship hits Britain hard.
这对皇家海军来说是毁灭性的打击
This is a devastating blow for the Royal Navy.
斯卡帕湾是一座堡垒
Scapa Flow is a bastion.
是皇家海军的主要基地之一 被认为是坚不可摧的
That is one of its major, major bases, perceived to be impregnable.