彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

显然他正在崩溃
It was clear that he was falling apart.
在希♥特♥勒♥服药的高峰期
At the height of Hitler's drug consumption,
莫雷尔每天给他服用的药物多达28种
Morell is administering up to 28 different medications a day,
其中包括可♥卡♥因♥
including cocaine,
这使他获得了“帝国注射大♥师♥”的绰号♥
earning him the nickname the Reich Master of Injections.
随着希♥特♥勒♥药物成瘾的增强
As Hitler's drug addiction grows,
对库尔斯克的北翼进攻 已完全陷入停滞
the northern assault on Kursk has spluttered to an all-out standstill.
所有胜利的希望都完全寄托于 南翼的曼施坦因部队
Any hope of victory now rests solely on Manstein's units in the south.
突出部南面的德军取得了更好的进展
On the southern face of the salient, the Germans made better progress.
北翼前进了十公里
Whereas there's a ten-mile advance in the north,
南翼就会前进三倍的距离
it's three times that in the south.
在南翼带领冲锋的是
Leading the advance on the south
赫尔曼·霍特司令麾下 的第4装甲集群
is Commander Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army,
而他的矛头则是臭名昭著的骷髅师
spearheaded by the infamous Death's Head Division.
这是希♥特♥勒♥的精锐部队
So this is Hitler's elite.
只要有武装党卫队出现在战场上
And anytime the Waffen-SS is on a sector of the battlefield,
有一件事你可以确定 他们肯定是满编德军师
one thing you can be sure of, these will be full-strength German divisions.
这在1943年东线的其他地方 是很难见到的
And that's hardly true for anywhere else on the Eastern Front by 1943.
到了7月11日 霍特和曼施坦因的部队 距离库尔斯克仅有80公里
By the 11th of July, Hoth and Manstein's units are just 50 miles from Kursk
他们正在 寂静的普洛霍罗夫卡村庄附近聚集
and are amassing around the sleepy village of Prokhorovka.
与此同时 斯大林的机械化部队 正在赶来防御这个区域
Meanwhile, racing in to defend the area are Stalin's mechanized units,
由帕维尔·罗特米斯特罗夫司令 带领的近卫坦克第5集团军
led by Commander Pavel Rotmistrov of the 5th Guards Tank Army.
普洛霍罗夫卡虽然只是个小镇
Prokhorovka, though it was a small town,
却是个相当重要的小镇
it was a very major town,
因为只要拿下了普洛霍罗夫卡 所有通往库尔斯克的道路就都敞开了
because if you capture Prokhorovka, all roads to Kursk are open.
红军将领们也非常清楚这一点
And for the commanders of the Red Army, it was also clear.
必须不惜一切代价守住普洛霍罗夫卡
You have to defend Prokhorovka at any cost.
7月12日清晨6点半
At 6:30 in the morning on the 12th of July,
第一批坦克开始相互驶向对方
the first tanks start rolling towards each other.
战场上有浓雾
There's a thick fog on the battlefield.
真的就是这样 德军纵队驶向东方
There is quite literally German columns heading east
苏军纵队驶向西方
and Soviet columns heading west,
坦克纵队驶上了同一条路
tank columns on the same road.
在浓雾消散之后
As the fog clears,
钢铁洪流之间的残酷战斗展开了
a brutal battle of steel on steel begins.
在接下来的24小时里
Over the next 24 hours,
上千装甲车辆和反坦克炮
more than 1,000 armored vehicles and antitank guns
被卷入了这场 史上最大规模之一的坦克大战
become embroiled in one of the largest tank battles in history.
普罗霍罗夫卡战役是20世纪中
Prokhorovka is the climax
整个装甲坦克时代的高♥潮♥
of the entire Panzer tank era in the 20th century.
就像是机械版的白刃战
It's the sort of mechanized equivalent of hand-to-hand conflict.
坦克互相冲撞
Tanks driving right into each other.
充满了扭曲金属和燃烧血肉的战场
A battlefield of twisted metal and burning flesh,
这在人类历史上是前所未见的
unlike anything that had ever happened in human history.
随着支援地面部队的空战 在战场上空进行
As ground forces are supported by aerial combat in the skies above…
希♥特♥勒♥大肆吹嘘的虎式坦克
charging across the fields through the smoke and carnage
穿过硝烟与杀戮 在战场上冲锋
are Hitler's much-vaunted Tiger tanks.
普罗霍罗夫卡没有多少虎式坦克
At Prokhorovka, there were very few Tiger tanks,
虽然数量较少
but what they lacked in numbers
但他们凭借力量和勇猛弥补了回来
they made up for with strength and prowess,
特别是在面对陈腐过时的苏军T-34时
especially against the Soviet T-34s, which were tired and outdated.
T-34每分钟只能开炮两次
T-34 could do only two shots per minute,
而虎式每分钟可以开炮六七次
and Tiger could do six, seven shots per minute.
T-34的最大射程
And maximum range of T-34
大约是一公里
was about one kilometer.
而虎式是三公里
And for Tiger, it was three kilometers.
这意味着在苏军坦克移♥动♥时
It means while Russian tanks were moving,
德军有更多的时间瞄准
Germans had more time for targeting.
因此
And as a result,
在同一时间内
one Tiger could destroy several Soviet tanks
一辆虎式就能击毁好几辆苏军坦克
within the same period of time.
指挥其中一个虎式坦克排的
Commanding a Tiger tank platoon
是29岁的坦克王牌 米歇尔·魏特曼
is 29-year-old Panzer ace, Michael Wittmann.
他毕业于军官和坦克学校 在服役十年之后
A graduate of officer and tank school, after ten years of service,
他成为了德军中 最受尊敬的坦克指挥官之一
he is one of the most revered tank commanders in the German Army.
当魏特曼 和其他坦克指挥官冲向战场时
As Wittmann and the other Tiger commanders rush towards the battlefield,
他们面对着一百辆正高速冲过山丘
they are faced with a hundred enemy tanks
径直冲向他们的敌军坦克
speeding over the hills and heading straight for them.
尽管他们在数量上 远远落后于苏军坦克
Despite the fact that they are hugely outnumbered by the Soviet tanks,
魏特曼与他的乘员们依然非常冷静
Wittmann and his crew remain incredibly calm.
等到苏军进入到800米范围
Once the Soviet Army were about half a mile away,
魏特曼和其他虎式坦克指挥官
Wittmann and the other tank commanders of the Tiger tanks
便下令开火
gave the order to open fire,
他们开始一辆接一辆摧毁苏军坦克
and one by one, they began to pick off the Soviet tanks,
有效地破坏了他们的队形
effectively destroying their formation.
迎战他们的近卫坦克第5集团军
The 5th Guards Tank Army, which came at them,
就像是待宰的羔羊
was just like lambs to the slaughter.
这是一次自杀式的攻击
It was a suicidal attack.
这不是好战术 他们遭受了巨大的伤亡
It was not good tactics. And they took mass casualties.
他们身边有燃烧着的T-34坦克残骸
Around them, there were burning wrecks of the T-34 tanks,
有被杀死士兵烧焦的尸体
the charred bodies of those who'd been killed,
还有受伤和濒死士兵在哭嚎
the injured and the dying crying out.
所以在士兵看来 这就是一场血腥混乱
So from the soldiers' point of view, it was really a bloody mess.
这是开战以来第一次
For the first time during the war,
德军使用的坦克
uh, Germans used tanks
从技术上克制了
which superseded, technologically,
著名的苏制T-34坦克
the famous Russian T-34.
而这款坦克就是虎式
And those tanks were Tigers.
德军或许拥有精锐的坦克
The Germans may have the cream of the crop of tanks
以及一支精锐部队
as well as an elite fighting force,
但在普罗霍罗夫卡战役爆发后
but as the Battle of Prokhorovka rages,
希♥特♥勒♥的手下意识到 他们遭遇了一个重大的障碍
Hitler's men realize they are coming up against a major obstacle.
德军坦克指挥官描述说
German tank commanders described seeing
他们看到了数百辆坦克穿过战场
hundreds of tanks crossing the battlefield.
很显然在普罗霍罗夫卡
It was clear at Prokhorovka
斯大林从产量上大大超过了德国
that Stalin had massively outproduced the Germans.
他们打败一支部队 另一支又来了 后面还有一支接一支
They defeated one unit and another came and still another came and another came.
这就是那种感觉 “他们到底有多少材料和坦克”
And this was kind of "How much material and tanks do they have actually?"
显然这支军队
This was clearly a much stronger army
比他们在战争初期 遇到的那一支要强得多
than the one they had encountered earlier in the war.
到了1943年 希♥特♥勒♥的帝国 控制着所有主要陆上通道
By 1943, Hitler's Reich controls all major land routes
并且占领着欧洲大部分地区
and occupies the majority of European territories,
使敌人的军工生产几乎不可能进行
rendering military production by the enemy nigh on impossible.
所以对于普罗霍罗夫卡 既震惊又寡不敌众的德军来说
So to the stunned and outnumbered Germans of Prokhorovka,
依然存在一个问题
a question remains.
他们肯定在想 敌人怎么可能
They must have been thinking, how is it possible
重振军备到了这种程度
to rearm to such an extent?
斯大林充裕资源的来源
The origins of Stalin's abundance of resources
可以追溯到两年之前的
can be traced back to two years earlier
一位意想不到的盟友
and an unexpected alliance.
华盛顿特区 租借法案通过
经过数周的激烈辩论 租借法案终于在参议院获得通过
After weeks of debate, the Lend-Lease Bill passes the Senate.
美国新闻短片
我们将会向你们运送越来越多的
We shall send you, in ever-increasing numbers,
美国总统罗斯福
船只 飞机 坦克 枪炮
ships, planes, tanks, guns.
这就是我们的目的和承诺
That is our purpose and our pledge.
在美国正式参战之前
Before the United States got involved in the war proper,
罗斯福意识到他必须要以某种方式
Roosevelt realized that he would have to somehow support
来支持那些与纳粹战斗的人
those who were fighting the Nazis.
他制定了一个方案
And he came up with a scheme
被称为租借法案
which became nicknamed Lend-Lease.
意味着美国将会提供♥产♥品 货物 石油
And what that meant was that the Americans would supply products, goods, oil,
设备 船只 坦克
equipment, ships, tanks, um,
而接收国不用立即付款
and that the recipient nation wouldn't yet have to pay for them.
苏联也一样迫切需要材料和设备
The Soviet Union desperately needed material and equipment as well.
所以西方就开始向他们提供
And so the West began to supply them.
但要运输百万吨♥级的设备
But transporting millions of tons' worth of equipment
到世界的另一边去
to the other side of the world
这成为了二战中最危险的行动之一
becomes one of the most dangerous operations of the Second World War.
从苏格兰和冰岛出发
Starting in Scotland and Iceland,
英美海军的船只穿越挪威北部