彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

four days after landing.
凯塞林和他的德军部队
Kesselring and his German forces
包围了登陆点 并且对其狂轰滥炸
have surrounded and rained hell on the landing site.
近三千美军阵亡或受伤
Nearly 3,000 U.S. servicemen are killed or injured,
菜鸟将军马克·克拉克开始变得慌张
and rookie General Mark Clark starts to lose his nerve.
萨莱诺是对克拉克的严峻考验 是他第一次真正担任统帅
Salerno is Clark's baptism of fire, right?
而克拉克的表现不太好
His first real experience of command. And Clark doesn't do particularly well.
他在德军反击时惊慌失措
He panics when the Germans counterattack,
他对负责搭载的海军上将说
and he talks to the admiral in charge of the embarkation and says,
“我们能撤退吗我们能退回 然后换个地方登陆吗”
"Can we withdraw? Can we pull back and land somewhere else?"
德军开始用扩音器对他们喊
The Germans started using loudspeakers to say to them,
“你们最好投降 不然就会死” 而很多人的确死了
"You better surrender or you're gonna die," and many of them do die.
萨莱诺
而在克拉克挣扎时
With Clark floundering, the word goes out to Montgomery
在南面登陆的蒙哥马利和英军
and the British landing in the south
得知了需要他们进行支援的消息
that their support is needed.
蒙哥马利出发进行协助
Montgomery moves to help,
但他并不着急
although he takes his time.
在大规模海军炮击的协助下
And with the aid of a massive naval bombardment,
德军被迫从萨莱诺后退
the Germans are pushed back from Salerno.
但这整件事让马克·克拉克感觉受辱
But the whole incident leaves Mark Clark feeling humiliated,
并对英军充满不断加深的怨恨
and with a festering resentment towards the British,
他决心在未来展现出
he's determined to show that in the future
他要以他的方式作战并取胜
he will fight his way and win.
在萨莱诺 英军几乎让他处于了
The Salerno bridge almost puts him in the position of being a beggar,
要乞求上级提供增援的境地
in treating his superior for reinforcement.
我认为这让克拉克产生了一种
And I think Clark developed an almost
近乎病态 近乎偏执的怀疑
pathological, almost paranoid suspicion,
怀疑英军想在意大利战役中
that the British were maneuvering to get more than their fair share
谋取超过他们应得份额的荣耀
of the glory in the Italian campaign.
但在意大利的真正问题是 你有一个非常精明的对手
But the real problem in Italy is that you have a very savvy opponent
在地球上最险恶的地形中掘壕固守
dug into some of the most forbidding terrain on planet Earth.
当马克·克拉克和他的美军部队 离开萨莱诺并向北进发时
As Mark Clark and his U.S. troops move out of Salerno and head north,
他们遭到了 凯塞林后撤部队持续的无情重击
they're relentlessly bludgeoned by Kesselring's retreating forces.
意大利独特的狭窄多山的地形
Italy's unique, narrow, mountainous terrain is perfect
极其适合伏击和破坏
for ambushes and sabotage.
在意大利进行防御很容易
It's very, very easy to defend in Italy.
有很多高山和狭窄的山口
You know, you've got sort of lots of mountains, narrow passes.
你在撤退时会炸掉桥梁
When you retreat, you kind of blow out the bridges,
到处布置土制炸♥弹♥
IEDs all over the place.
是一个可怕的战斗场所
It's an awful place in which to fight.
在严冬中
In the midst of a harsh winter,
克拉克的部队 沿着意大利西翼缓慢向北前进
Clark's forces crawl up the western flank of Italy,
遭受了数万伤亡
taking tens of thousands of casualties.
1944年1月 他们沿半岛向北前进了160公里
In January 1944, they reached the town of Monte Cassino,
到达了卡西诺山小镇
one hundred miles up the peninsula,
这时他们才意识到 德军在南部的防守根本不值一提
and realize that the German defenses in the south were nothing.
赫然出现在他们面前的是 德军的古斯塔夫防线
Looming in front of them is the Germans' Gustav Line.
防线核心是一个巨大的山峰
With a huge peak at its heart,
防线上交织着湍急的河流
it's intersected by fast-flowing rivers
构筑有炮位和机♥枪♥巢
and fortified with artillery positions and machine gun nests,
遍布了整个山脉
dug in right across the mountain range.
古斯塔夫防线从西面的第勒尼安海
The Gustav Line ranged from the west Tyrrhenian Sea
一直延伸到东面的亚得里亚海
to the eastern Adriatic Sea,
防线被非常高的山峰所覆盖
which were surmounted by very high peaks
而山峰上的德军防御 严密到了不可思议
which were incredibly well defended by the German Army.
意大利是个天然的堡垒
Italy is a natural fortress,
尤其是对于德军 这样巧妙的防守者来说
particularly for artful defenders like the Germans,
他们在每个山头 每条道路和每个峡谷中
who carve every hilltop, and every road, and every canyon
都开凿了防御工事 从侧面防守盟军所有的前进道路
into these fortified positions to flank every Allied access of advance,
工事被德军工兵改造成了杀戮地带
positions that have been kind of graft into killing fields by German engineers.
克拉克没有被吓住 他派出部下去突破古斯塔夫防线
Undeterred, Clark sends his men forward to breach the Gustav Line.
这就是一次自杀任务
And it's just a suicide mission.
36师的指挥官告诉克拉克
And the commander of the 36th Division says to Clark,
“这是不可能的 我会损失掉所有人”
"This is impossible. I'm going to lose every guy."
“别逼我这么做 没有希望的”
"Don't make me do this. There's just no hope."
而克拉克说 “你必须去做”
And Clark says, "You gotta do it, you gotta do it."
这完全就是在浪费生命
And it's just, you know... it's just absolutely a waste of life.
36师在多次试图渡河的过程中 被完全摧毁
The 36th Division is annihilated trying to cross this river multiple times.
战斗从一个山丘延续到一个山沟
Fighting from one hill, to the ravine,
再到山上 到下一条河 到下一座山
to the mountain, to the next river, to the next mountain…
永远都打不完
This is gonna go on forever,
总有一天 会轮到你战死
and one of these days, your number's going to be up.
一次又一次对古斯塔夫防线的进攻
Assault after assault on the Gustav Line
都以血腥失败而告终
ends in bloody failure,
克拉克终于被迫取消进攻
and Clark is eventually forced to call off the attack.
盟军在意大利撞上了一堵墙
The Allies have literally hit a wall in Italy.
突然间 发动意大利战役的整个前提
And so, suddenly, the whole, kind of, premise on which the Italian campaign has been launched
都陷入了混乱
has been thrown into, kind of, you know, disarray.
问题是丘吉尔 将自己的声誉押注在这上面
The problem is... is that Churchill has staked his reputation on this,
而你们却被困住了
and you've got yourself stuck,
看起来似乎也没有解决办法
and there's no way of kind of seemingly getting through it.
但狡猾的丘吉尔不会放弃他的计划
But wily Churchill won't give up on his plan.
他相信他能向美军展示 如何在意大利打胜仗
He believes he can show the Americans how to win in Italy.
1944年1月
In January 1944,
他劝说美军在古斯塔夫防线之后
he persuades the U.S. Army to launch an amphibious attack
发起两栖登陆 从而将德军引走
behind the Gustav Line to draw the German forces away.
部队在意大利西海岸 罗马以南的安济奥登陆
The force lands at Anzio on the west coast, just south of Rome.
但他们直接走进了陷阱
But they're walking straight into a trap.
只要凯塞林认为这可以妨碍盟军前进
Kesselring can destroy every inch of Italy
他可以摧毁意大利每一寸土地
if he thinks it will impede the Allied advance.
他真的不在乎
He literally does not care.
墨索里尼做过一件事
One of the things Mussolini had done
他追随着古罗马皇帝的脚步 排干了罗马南部的庞廷沼泽
was to walk in the footsteps of the old Roman emperors, and drain the Pontine Marshes south of Rome.
这是一种让你知道 皇帝在关心你的方式
It's just a way you knew that the emperor cared for you,
他承担下了这项公共工程
is he undertook this public works project.
安装水力泵 创造出一个更富裕的环境
Installation of hydraulic pumps created a wealthier environment
让来自于意大利东北部的 贫困农民家庭安居
for poor peasant families from northeastern Italy to settle in.
但随着盟军的前进
But with the Allies advancing,
在圣诞节之前 德军接管了水泵
just before Christmas, the German Army take control of the pumps.
意大利人实际恳求过德军 “请不要摧毁这些反向泵”
The Italians actually begged the Germans, "Please, don't destroy the reverse pumps."
但他们还是下手了
And they did anyway.
他们的农场现在被冲走了 他们没有地方生活了
Their farms have now been washed away. There's no place to live.
但接下来还有更灾难性的发展
There is an even more sinister development to come.
纳粹知道不流动的咸水
The Nazis know that stagnant, salty water
将会滋生疟蚊
will breed malarial mosquitoes,
而在安济奥周围发生了 疟疾疫情的恶性爆发
and there is a vicious outbreak of malaria all around Anzio.
德军充分利用了意大利的疟疾疫情
The Germans took full advantage of the prevalence of malaria in Italy,
针对进攻的盟军发动了一种生物战
and launched a kind of biological warfare against the attacking Allies.
有时他们还反转水泵把海水抽进沼泽
In some cases, they reversed the pumps to pull seawater into the marshes,
因为引起疟疾的那种蚊子
because the brand of mosquito that caused malaria
在咸水中繁殖得最好
thrived best in brackish water,
这样才能感染盟军 但同样会感染意大利人
to infect the Allied forces, but also to infect the Italians.
因为周围区域都被水淹成了疟疾沼泽
With the surrounding area flooded with malarial marshland,
安济奥滩头的美军几乎没有出路
the U.S. forces on the Anzio beachhead have little way out.
他们在陷入泥潭的同时 阵地也被包围了
Bogged down, their position is surrounded,
然后还遭到了德军巨型列车炮的轰击
and then pummeled by the Germans with a giant railroad mounted gun.
士兵都是粗鲁的人 所以滩头变成了一个怨声载道的地方
And, you know, soldiers are crude people, and so it wasn't the beachhead, it was the bitch-head.
那是一个悲惨的地方
It was a miserable place to be.
天气 德军的监视
The weather, the German observation,
那种被钳制住 无法行动的感觉
the sense of being cramped, of not being able to maneuver.
这是美国人最后一次
It's the last time the Americans will want to listen
愿意听从丘吉尔的计划
to one of Churchill's plans.
与此同时 意大利的傀儡统治者墨索里尼
Meanwhile, Italy's puppet ruler Mussolini
无动于衷地看着
stands idly by
纳粹继续给他的人♥民♥ 施加越来越多的痛苦
as the Nazis continue to inflict more and more pain on his own people.
这同时结合了非常糟糕 和非常无助两种感觉
It's a combination of being pretty terrible and pretty helpless at the same time.
所以他做了一些事 例如处决了他的女婿
So he does things, like he has his son-in-law executed
因为德国人想处决他
'cause the Germans want him executed.
他变成了一个可悲无助
He becomes this sort of pathetic, helpless,
但同时又残酷的人物
and yet at the same time, cruel figure.