彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

随着行动的进行 只会变得越来越沉重
uh, and it's gonna get heavier and heavier as this campaign goes on.
对于正在旁观的海军部长 詹姆斯·福里斯特尔来说
For the watching Navy secretary, James Forrestal,
一场公♥关♥灾难正在逼近
a PR disaster is looming.
那时也很难将硫磺岛的悲剧保密
And it was hard to keep the tragedy of Iwo Jima a secret at the time.
岛上有大约75位战地记者
I mean, there were about 75 war correspondents on the island.
对于这样一个 相对无关紧要的地方来说
These were losses that were so heavy and so unexpected
损失真是非常惨重 非常出乎意料
for such a relatively insignificant place
以致于罗斯福听说之后都留下了眼泪
that Roosevelt in the White House, when he heard of it, he wept.
白宫知道时机真是再糟糕不过了
The White House knows the timing couldn't be worse.
公众对战争的渴望持续降低
The public's war hunger is continuing to wane,
完全赶不上
no longer anywhere near its level
日军偷袭珍珠港时的水平
after the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor.
珍珠港事件被美国公民广泛视为是
Pearl Harbor was widely seen as a stab in the back
从背后捅刀子
by the American citizenry.
事实上 在战争期间
In fact, one of the most common visual motifs
在本土最常见的视觉形象
that you see during the war on the home front
就是一个拿着滴血匕♥首♥的日本人形象
is a Japanese figure holding a bloody dagger.
大量反♥日♥宣传也助长了对战争的热情
War fervor was fueled by a torrent of anti-Japanese propaganda.
太平洋战争在很大程度上 就是一场种族主义战争
The Pacific War was very much a racist war.
二战期间的普通美国人
The average American during World War II
从未见过日本人
had never met a Japanese person,
所以他们很容易受到宣传的影响
so they were very susceptible to propaganda
而这种宣传将日本敌人描绘成
that depicted the Japanese enemy
各种蟑螂或是害虫
as various sorts of cockroaches or like vermin.
支持战争对美国政♥府♥来说很关键
Support for the war is crucial for the U.S. government,
因为通过销♥售♥战争债券 士气能够转变成现金
as morale translates into cash through the sale of war bonds.
税收只能负担41%的战争总费用
Taxation only covered about 41% of the total cost of the war.
资金的大部分 大约59% 都是借贷来的
The major part of the financing, uh, about 59%, came from borrowing,
很大一部分借贷都是通过 美国个人购买♥♥战争债券获得的
and a lot of that borrowing was by individual Americans buying war bonds.
战争债券的销♥售♥情况 被视为是可靠的士气晴雨表
War bond sales are seen as a reliable barometer of morale.
当陆战队在硫磺岛激战时
And as the Marines battle on Iwo,
债券销量下跌了
bond sales are falling.
同盟国几乎在每条战线上都在前进
The Allies are advancing on just about every front,
而轴心国则在后退
and the Axis is in retreat,
而在太平洋战场上 你能看到美国新闻界
and in the Pacific you see this sort of breathless coverage
对跳岛攻势进行的扣人心弦的报道
in the American press of the island-hopping campaign,
陆战队每次拿下一个岛屿
which features flag-raising after flag-raising
都会进行一次又一次的升旗
each time the Marines take over an island.
看到这种报道的美国民众
American civilians who are watching this coverage,
会觉得胜利已经近在眼前了
there's this sense that victory is just around the corner.
而在硫磺岛上 当陆战队试图夺取折钵山时
On Iwo Jima, as the Marines tried to take Mount Suribachi,
上演的却是截然不同的故事
a very different story is unfolding.
美军面对着真正的问题
The Americans are faced with a real problem.
承受着来自于围绕硫磺岛的高地上 隐蔽位置的炮火
Taking fire from all these concealed positions in the heights around Iwo Jima.
环绕折钵山的整个山脚
Suribachi is surrounded around its entire base
全是山洞和地堡 必须全部处理掉
with caves and other bunkers that all have to be reduced
你才有机会上山
before you can even set foot on the hill itself.
陆战队开始一点一点地前进
The Marines start moving up it bit by bit,
一边攀登 一边炸掉山洞 一路到山顶
blasting out the caves as they go up all the way up to the top.
在他们攀登时 我们的大炮也停火了
Our guns are quiet as they make the climb.
我们等待着夺下折钵山的信♥号♥♥
We wait for a sign that Suribachi is ours.
2月23日 开战5天之后
On the 23rd of February, just five days into the battle,
硫磺岛上终于飘扬起了星条旗
Old Glory is flying over Iwo Jima.
山上消耗了太多人命的重炮
The mountain's heavy guns that had cost so many lives
终于安静了
are finally silenced.
现在有值得欢呼的事情了吧 老天啊 我们做到了
Now you have something to cheer over, right? Holy cow, we did it.
我们夺下了折钵山 这山归我们了
We... We took Mount Suribachi. It's ours.
海军部长詹姆斯·福里斯特尔 没有放过这个公♥关♥机会
The PR potential isn't lost on Navy secretary James Forrestal.
出于公♥关♥的目的
For the purposes of public relations,
我们想要一面更大的旗帜
we wanna have a much larger flag,
于是 在那之后 为了能拍出更好的照片
and as a result, there's a second flag-raising
又进行了第二次升旗
that occurs after that, uh, that makes for a better photo op.
摄影记者乔·罗森塔尔 拍下了陆战队庆祝的瞬间
Press photographer Joe Rosenthal snaps away as the Marines celebrate.
两天之后 他这张升旗的照片
Two days later, his photo of the flag-raising
登上了全美几乎所有报纸的头版
adorns the front page of almost every newspaper in America.
这是那些灿烂的瞬间之一
It's just one of those… brilliant moments
仅用一张照片 就将构图和情感结合在一起
when composition and emotion all come together to tell a story
讲述了一个故事 这是一个灿烂的画面
just in one single photograph. It's a brilliant image.
但这张胜利的照片 却掩盖了地面上的实情
But the triumphant photograph is masking the reality on the ground.
越来越多的伤员
The wounded are ferried back to waiting hospital ships
被送到待命的医疗船上
in increasing numbers.
牺牲者被葬在了临时墓地
Temporary cemeteries house the fallen.
伤亡的消息让美国公众舆♥论♥感到震惊
News of the casualties horrifies American public opinion.
媒体上发表了很多来自母亲
There had been a lot of disclaimers in the media,
和来自公众的否定言论
from moms and from the public saying,
“我们为什么要在这个被上帝遗弃的 小岛上牺牲这么多人”
"Why are we losing all these people on this godforsaken island?"
“为什么这些陆战队员都战死了”
"You know, why are all these Marines dying?"
“看在上帝的份上 请别再送我们最棒的年轻人"
For God's sake, please stop sending our best young people,
去硫磺岛这样的地方送死了”
to a place like Iwo Jima to die."
福里斯特尔给一位极度痛苦母亲的 回答依然是毫无悔悟的
James Forrestal's response to one anguished mother is unrepentant.
“1941年12月7日 轴心国给了我们一个简单的选择
"On 7th December, 1941, the Axis confronted us with a simple choice,
战斗还是被蹂躏”
fight or be overrun."
“过去和现在都没有其他可能”
"There was then, and is now, no other possibility."
日本人相信他们可以 利用国内的分歧来寻求和平
The Japanese believe they can exploit the domestic discord to sue for peace.
部分日本领导层的基本信念是
The fundamental belief on the part of the Japanese leadership
美国人很软弱
is that the American people are weak.
虽然从物质的角度来看 美国的军事实力很强大
Although the American military power is enormous from a material standpoint,
但美国的士气很脆弱
American morale is brittle.
美国人根本无法承受
The Americans are simply not gonna be able to handle the mental stress
巨大的伤亡名单传回国时 带来的精神压力
of a large casualty roll coming back into the country.
这就是他们押上全部筹码的地方
That is what they are betting all of their chips on.
美国海军陆战队
战斗开始一周后
A week into the battle, the Marines prepare to push north
陆战队准备向北推进 完成攻占全岛的任务
in their mission to secure the island.
但敌人的具体♥位♥置依然是个谜
But precisely where the enemy is remains a mystery.
日本人不出来打仗 所以陆战队不得不去把他们找出来
The Japanese aren't coming out to play, so the Marines have to go and find them.
这绝对是一种恐怖的感觉
It's an absolutely terrifying feeling,
你推进到了敌军区域
as you were pushing forward into enemy territory,
但却不知道敌人什么时候会对你开火
not knowing when the enemy is gonna open up on you.
陆战队冒着再犯一次相同错误的风险
The Marines risk making the same mistake twice.
栗林忠道说 “我会守在岛的北端
Kuribayashi says, "I will make my stand up in the northern end of the island
那里是高地 让敌人来找我们”
where there's high ground, and make them come to us."
陆战队在挺进时遭到了 来自于成千上万的强化地堡
As they advance, the Marines are hit by machine-gun fire and heavy artillery
碉堡和山洞里的机♥枪♥和重炮的攻击
from thousands of fortified bunkers, pillboxes, and caves.
接近任何一个地堡
It's impossible to approach any one bunker
都必须要冒着来自于
without coming under the fire
其他侧翼防御工事的火力
from several other flanking fortifications as well.
用火炮 火箭筒 和火焰喷射器攻击他们
Hit them with artillery, with bazookas, and with flamethrowers.
但炮击未能压制住敌人的火力
But the bombardment fails to suppress enemy fire.
陆战队在试图清除 这些重型防御工事时
The Marines have become very dependent on tanks supporting them
变得非常依赖于前来支援他们的坦克
in trying to take out these very heavy defenses.
而日军也预料到了这一点
The Japanese have exactly anticipated this.
他们有反坦克炮来攻击这些坦克
They have anti-tank guns sighted to blast these tanks,
陆战队的坦克遭受了重大的损失
and there's very heavy losses of Marine tanks.
他们必须循序渐进 费力清除 遭遇到的每个工事中的守军
They've gotta go step-by-step, winkling out the defenders
因为这些工事中大部分都在地下
from each, uh, position as they come to it, because most of these positions are underground.
这是一个可怕缓慢的过程
It is a dreadful slow by slow process
在过程中也会消耗 大量陆战队员的生命
that of course is gonna cost a lot of Marine lives while they're at it.
栗林忠道的士兵们 对于自己所背负的期望
Kuribayashi's soldiers are under no Illusions
没有任何幻想
as to what's expected of them.
1941年发布给军队的野战守则规定
The field service code issued to the military in 1941 said,
“在任何情况下都不可以投降”
"Under no circumstances will you surrender."
不要承受
Do not take the shame
被俘的耻辱
of being, uh, captured.
你真的必须要在阵地上战斗至死
You literally have to fight to the death in your position.
在杀死十个美军之前 你不准死掉 这是命令
You're not allowed to die till you've killed, uh, ten Americans. It's an order.
他们的目标是牺牲自己的生命
Their objective was to sell their lives dearly,
让美军在夺取硫磺岛时
to make the Americans pay
用血和时间付出尽可能大的代价
as much as possible in blood and time to take Iwo Jima.
日军明白 他们把硫磺岛坚守得越久
The Japanese know that the longer they can hold on to Iwo Jima,
就能争取越多时间给日本本土