彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

这道防波堤的用途是保护海港
It's really to protect a harbor.
并不应该用于登船
You're not supposed to use it as a means of getting on ships.
但在敦刻尔克 这当然是必须要做的事
But, of course, it's needs must at Dunkirk.
所以他想 “我们尝试把它当码头用吧”
So he thinks, "All right, let's try and use it as a jetty."
结果成功了
And it worked.
这就改变了局势 因为如果你能让大船靠上来
And the reason it's a game changer is because if you can get a big ship
驱逐舰 明轮船这一类的大船
coming alongside a mole, a destroyer, paddle steamer, or something of that type,
你就能相对快速地装载大量士兵
you can load an awful lot of soldiers onto it relatively quickly.
通过防波堤逃脱的人 远比从海滩逃脱的人多
And far more people escaped from the mole then they did from the beaches.
田纳特的防波堤发现
Tennant's discovery of the mole isn't the only example
并不是敦刻尔克行动中 灵活巧思的唯一体现
of ingenuity in action at Dunkirk.
对于士兵们来说 尽快达到海滩才是最重要的
The race to get to the beach is paramount for the soldiers.
但他们被沉重的枪♥械♥和火炮所拖累
And they're encumbered with heavy guns, artillery.
有些人还有卡车 甚至是坦克 以及各种其他装备
Some of them have trucks, even tanks, and all sorts of other equipment,
各种战争碎片
the detritus of war.
他们意识到他们将无法带上这些东西
And they realize that they're not gonna be able to bring this with them.
逃向海岸的部队总共抛下了
Approximately 85,000 vehicles are left behind
大约八万五千辆车辆
by men fleeing for the coast.
但在等待救援的同时
But whilst waiting to be rescued,
一群皇家工兵想出了一个巧妙的办法
a group of Royal Engineers come up with a cunning idea.
人们可以看到 海滩一侧有巨大的防波堤
People could see the big mole at one end,
其他人都只能在海滩上排队
and otherwise, people were just having to queue along the beaches.
他们觉得 “我们可以建自己的码头 用卡车来建”
And they thought, "We could build our own jetties and do it using lorries."
在把轮胎扎破之后 他们把卡车推进海里排成一线
Once they burst the tires, they would push them out, uh, in a line.
他们把卡车相互连接起来
They would attach them to each other.
然后在车顶放上沙袋
They would put sandbags along the top,
之后又在沙袋上铺好木板
and then wooden planking on top of that.
然后他们就建好了自己的码头
And then they had made themselves a pier.
这一类的灵活巧思
And... And so this type of…ingenuity
就是人们在敦刻尔克求生的方法之一
was one of the ways that people got by at Dunkirk,
是他们让自己 稍微好过一些的方式之一
and one of the ways that they made things just slightly easier for themselves.
目前已从敦刻尔克撤走的人数
The number of men evacuated from Dunkirk
已经翻倍到超过两万五千人
has now more than doubled to over 25,000.
这可是十六公里长的海滩 成千上万的人
We're talking about ten miles of beaches, hundreds of thousands of people.
在那片海滩上真的什么人都有
So every kind of human life was on those beaches.
很多不同的人 在敦刻尔克有不同的体验
Lots of different people have different experiences of Dunkirk.
对于一些来说 完全是一场大混乱
For some, it's just one of absolute chaos.
一些人低着头想要睡觉 他们已经筋疲力尽了
Some people are getting their head down to get some sleep, they're so exhausted.
还有一些人洗劫了酒吧和咖啡店 想要喝点东西
Other people are raiding the bars and cafés and trying to get some drink.
很多时候水已经被关掉了
And very often the water's already been turned off.
敦刻尔克的主水管爆裂了 所以没有自来水了
The mains has been burst in Dunkirk, so there's no running water.
所以他们都有点喝醉了酒 但那至少也是液体
So they're kind of getting drunk on wine, but at least it's fluid.
有人在海滩上玩板球
People playing cricket on the beach.
有个马戏团演员 骑在他找到的马背上做表演
You had a circus performer who was doing tricks on the back of a horse that he'd found.
有个曾经跟我聊过的人很爱摩托车 他在那里找到了一辆摩托车
Um, one man I spoke to who loved motorcycles found a motorcycle,
他在海滩上骑上骑下 开心得不得了
and he was going up and down the beach, just having the time of his life.
有人过得很开心 有人过得很糟糕
People were having fun, people were having a terrible time,
有人在打架 有人有秩序 有人没秩序
people were fighting, people were being orderly, people were being disorderly.
人就是人
People were being people.
那时海滩上就是这样
That's what you had on the beaches.
在撤离人员等待撤离的同时
As the evacuees wait to be rescued,
围绕港口的城镇中激战正酣
in the towns surrounding the port, a battle is raging.
成千上万的人在防守敦刻尔克的外♥围♥
Thousands of men are defending the perimeter around Dunkirk.
40公里长 13公里宽
Twenty-five miles in length and eight miles deep,
其间是由运河与水道构成的网络
it's made up of a system of canals and waterways,
法军防守西部 英军防守东部
with the French defending the west and the British in the east.
下达给这些殿后部队的命令很简单
The order to these rearguard units is simple,
血战到底
fight to the last man.
我觉得在敦刻尔克撤退中
I think one of the most heroic
最英勇却通常不为人知的故事之一
and often unrecognized stories of the Dunkirk evacuation
就是这些发生在
is these last-ditch stands that are happening
围绕敦刻尔克的防线上的 无路可退的抵抗
all over, uh, the defensive perimeter, uh, around Dunkirk.
我们会想到船 会想到海军的英勇行为
Um, we think of the ships, we think of the heroism of the Navy,
但我们经常忘记 还有很多士兵牺牲了自己
and we often forget that a lot of soldiers sacrificed themselves
就为了让同袍能够逃离
so that their fellows could get away.
他们被告知要防守这条防线
They were told they were going to be defending this perimeter.
他们说一波又一波的士兵穿过了他们
They said that... that wave after wave after wave of soldiers came past them,
情况就是那样
but that that was how it was going to be.
有必要的话 他们得要牺牲掉自己
They were going to have to sacrifice themselves if it was necessary.
所以这是一项极端无私
So it was an enormously selfless, um,
而且极其危险的任务
and incredibly dangerous job.
回到伦敦 丘吉尔在观察和等待
Back in London, Churchill is watching and waiting
看有多少英国远征军
to see how many men of the British Expeditionary Force
能够被救回
can be saved.
与此同时 他的外♥交♥部♥长 哈利法克斯勋爵
Meanwhile, his foreign secretary, Lord Halifax,
依然想要跟希♥特♥勒♥达成和平协议
is still intent on reaching a peace agreement with Hitler.
丘吉尔意识到 他必须制止哈利法克斯的坚持
Realizing he needs to put a stop to Halifax's persistence,
于是他召集了一次内阁全体会议
Churchill calls for a full cabinet meeting
包括了所有党派的部长
involving ministers from across all parties.
他把法国正在发生的事情
What he tells the full cabinet
毫无掩饰地告诉了内阁全体
is an unvarnished account of what's happening in France.
他对他们陷入的困境毫不隐瞒
He makes no bones about the difficulty they're in.
但他也说了 “如果我们现在放弃会有什么后果”
But what he also says is, "What will be the consequences if we give in now?"
英国将会沦为一个奴隶国家
And that will be Britain is reduced to a slave state.
这场演讲中最具戏剧性的部分在最后
And I suppose the most dramatic, uh, part of this speech is the final bit where he says,
“如果我们的岛国故事要就此结束
"If our island story is to end here,
那么故事的结局得要是 我们每个人都躺在地上
let it only end when each one of us
窒息在自己的鲜血中”
is choking in his own blood, lying on the ground."
按照丘吉尔的说法 这场会议引起的反响
The response to this meeting, according to Churchill,
是从其他内阁成员中 爆发出了巨大的欢呼声
was a huge outbreak of cheering from the other members of the cabinet,
很明显 从这一刻起
and it was quite clear from this point onwards
他们想要继续战斗了
that they wanted to continue the fight.
哈利法克斯很清楚
It's clear to Halifax
不能再秘密商讨与希♥特♥勒♥和谈了
there can be no more secret talks regarding peace with Hitler.
相反 英国需要一个奇迹
Instead, Britain needs a miracle.
现在已经有超过四万人获救
Over 40,000 men have now been rescued,
天气在其中起的作用不小
thanks in no small part to the weather.
天气在敦刻尔克撤退中 扮演了关键角色
The weather plays a key role in the Dunkirk evacuation.
一开始 天气就有利于盟军
And at first, it's on the side of the Allies.
有很厚的云层覆盖
So you get a lot of cloud cover, a lot of, uh, difficulty
纳粹德国空军很难观察到地面的情况
for the, uh, German Luftwaffe to observe what's going on on the ground.
在这种情况下 有很多士兵得以逃脱
And while this is happening, an awful lot of soldiers are able to get away.
人们很容易认为是凭借了灵活巧思
I mean, it's tempting to think that it was all ingenuity
和想出的各种办法才让英军得以回国
and people working out how to do things that got the British home,
但实际上也有很大的运气成分
but actually, there was quite a lot of chance involved as well.
但到了下午 天空开始放晴
But during the afternoon, the skies begin to clear.
皇家空军全力以赴防守这片区域
The RAF defend the area in full force.
但戈林的纳粹空军抓住放晴的机会
But seizing the opportunity of clear skies,
展开了自撤退开始以来
Göring's Luftwaffe begin their most brutal bombing raid
最凶残的轰炸攻击
since the start of the evacuation.
天气放晴之后 英军的情况变得更加可悲
So the situation for the British becomes much more dire when the weather clears,
因为现在纳粹空军基本毫无限制地
because now you've got the Luftwaffe flying, you know,
在海滩上空飞行 肆意扫射和轰炸
pretty much unchecked over the beaches, and strafing and bombing at will.
纳粹空军非常年轻 非常敏锐 国家社♥会♥主♥义♥精神强烈
The Luftwaffe's very young, very keen, and very national socialists spirit,
他们想击沉船只
and they want to sink ships,
他们想尽快击败敌人
and they want to defeat the enemy as fast as possible.
他们并没有真的去考虑 当他们击中海滩时
And they don't really think so much about suffering of the troops
地面的部队遭受的苦难
when they hit the beach.
泰晤士河明轮船凤头鹰号♥ 正在从防波堤解缆启航
Casting off from the mole is a Thames paddle steamer named the Crested Eagle.
在和平时期 这条船被用于运送游客
In peacetime, she was used by day-trippers
前往英国沿岸的海滨度假地 进行一日游
visiting seaside resorts along the English coast.
在战争开始时又被用于撤离儿童
Then, at the start of the war, to evacuate children.
在敦刻尔克 这条船装载着 六百名士兵准备返回英国
At Dunkirk, she is carrying 600 troops back to Britain
在准备启航时 被纳粹空军的斯图卡轰炸机发现
when the Luftwaffe Stukas spot her preparing to leave.
斯图卡的本质 就是通过俯冲尽可能靠近目标
The very nature of Stukas is that you dive down as close as you can
然后才投弹
before you drop your ordnance
这样才能更精确 这才是关键
so you make yourself more accurate, that's the whole point.
他们会以几乎垂直的角度俯冲
They would dive very nearly vertically,
在大约460米的高度从俯冲改出
and they would come out of their dive at something like 1,500 feet.
他们携带有一颗大炸♥弹♥ 两侧机翼上还各有一颗小的
And they carried one large bomb and two smaller bombs on each wing.