彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

当然也有丘吉尔这种死硬派
And there were also diehards, of course, like Churchill,
他们觉得必须要战斗到最后
who feel we've got to keep fighting till the end, and if we don't, uh,
否则我们最后的结果 会比我们继续战斗更糟糕
what we'll get out of this will be worse than if we keep going.
5月25日 在没有获得 战时内阁授权的情况下
On the 25th of May, with no authorization from the War Cabinet,
哈利法克斯在外♥交♥部♥ 与意大利大使会面
Halifax meets the Italian Ambassador at the Foreign Office
并询问意大利是否能斡旋 与德国的停火协议
and asks whether Italy might mediate a ceasefire with Germany.
哈利法克斯并不是唯一认为 这是最佳行动方案的人
Halifax is not alone in thinking this is the best course of action.
肯尼迪总统的父亲 老约瑟夫·肯尼迪
Joseph Kennedy, JFK's father,
当时美国驻英大使
is US Ambassador to Britain.
他也相信英国已经失败
He, too, believes that Britain is finished,
并且试图试探德国大使 关于和谈的意向
and has tried to sound out the German Ambassador about peace talks.
如同哈利法克斯一样 肯尼迪也没有获得政♥府♥的授权
Like Halifax, Kennedy has no government authorization to do this.
很难相信丘吉尔 当时需要对抗这些对手
It's hard to believe what Churchill was up against at this time.
他面对着德军试图歼灭远征军的挑战
Not only does he have the challenge from the Germans trying to destroy the BEF,
还有内部的敌人试图鼓动他进行和谈
he also has the enemy within trying to encourage him to negotiate peace.
大约在哈利法克斯和肯尼迪探讨
Around the same time that Halifax and Kennedy are exploring
私下和谈的同时
illegitimate peace talks,
丘吉尔决定 不能再让英军士兵在法国战斗了
Churchill decides that British soldiers can no longer fight on in France.
他们必须要被撤回
They must be evacuated.
英军当时并没有什么选择
The British haven't really got any choice.
如果不能 把他们安全撤过海峡回到英国
It's either throw themselves back across the Channel back to Britain in safety,
他们就只有举起双手成为战俘
or put their hands up in the air and become prisoners of war.
如果英国远征军无法被撤回
If the British Expeditionary Force were not brought back,
他们要么被俘 要么被屠♥杀♥
they would either be captured or slaughtered,
丘吉尔明白 绝对不能
and, uh, Churchill understood that you simply couldn't allow
让二十五万人落入德军手中
a quarter of a million men to fall into German hands.
那样本质上战争就结束了
That would essentially be the end of the war.
德军近在咫尺
With the Germans dangerously close
准备围困英国远征军
to trapping the British Expeditionary Force,
丘吉尔召来了一名可信的盟友 监督救援行动
Churchill calls upon a trusted ally to oversee the rescue operation,
伯特伦·拉姆齐海军中将
Vice Admiral Bertram Ramsay.
丘吉尔知道拉姆齐 是一位极其冷静的指挥官
Churchill knew Ramsay to be an extremely calm commander,
当然 在这次行动中 这将是非常重要的
which, of course, was going to be tremendously important in this operation.
他知道他能够完成这次任务
He knew that he was going to be able to get the job done.
在深埋于多佛尔城♥堡♥下 隧♥道♥中的办公室里
From offices situated deep in the tunnels beneath Dover Castle,
拉姆齐和他的团队开始计划撤退
Ramsay and his team begin planning the evacuation,
代号♥发电机行动
code-named Operation Dynamo.
当拉姆齐开始策划 如何撤走英国远征军时
When Ramsay is looking at how to get the British Expeditionary Force away,
他能用到三个大港口
well, initially, he can see these three large ports,
布洛涅 加来 敦刻尔克 就只能用这三个地方
Boulogne, Calais, Dunkirk, so that's how it's going to be done.
几天之内 德国空军就摧毁了
Within days,
布洛涅和加来的港口
the German Air Force annihilate the ports of Boulogne and Calais.
在歼灭的过程中 布洛涅和加来都被摧毁了
Through a process of elimination, Boulogne, Calais lost,
只剩下了敦刻尔克
it becomes only Dunkirk that can be used,
所以在港口方面已经别无选择了
so there really was no choice in the matter.
请记住 敦刻尔克是一个巨大的…
And bear in mind that Dunkirk was a big,
一个非常繁忙的港口
uh, a... a very busy port.
从一个如此活跃的港口
So, you know, there... there was a lot of scope
撤走英国远征军
for evacuating the British Expeditionary Force
是有很大余地的
from such an active port.
港口靠近法国和比利时的边境
Situated near the border of France and Belgium,
距离英国海岸6♥4♥公里
and 40 miles from the English coast,
拉姆齐命令一支庞大的皇家海军舰队
Ramsay instructs a large fleet of Royal Navy ships,
包括了从驱逐舰到炮艇等各种舰只
ranging from destroyers to gunboats,
准备前往敦刻尔克
to prepare to head for Dunkirk.
到现在有超过三十万名盟军士兵
By now, over 300,000 Allied soldiers
正在逃往海滩 希望能被救援
are fleeing towards the beach, hoping to be rescued.
但随着德军快速逼近 时间已经不多
But with the Germans quickly closing in, the clock is ticking.
当时的预期是 在被德军完全切断之前
I mean, the expectation is that they've probably got 48 hours at most
他们可能最多只有48小时
before the Germans completely cut them off.
而在48小时之内 如果走运的话
And in 48 hours, the expectation is
预期他们能够撤走四万五千人
if they're lucky, they'll manage to get 45,000 men away.
所以这已经是最理想的情况了
So, these were best-case scenarios.
这是到当时为止
This is the largest, uh, coastal evacuation, uh,
史上最大规模的海岸撤离行动
you know, in history, up to this point.
坦白说 他们看起来几乎不可能成功
It must've looked almost impossible that they were gonna pull it off.
仅剩下48小时 皇家海军的舰只直接开始了工作
With just 48 hours to go, the Royal Navy ships get straight to work.
但在当晚
But by the following evening,
仅有七千五百人获救
only seven and a half thousand men have been rescued.
过程很缓慢 因为你得要撤走
It's very slow, because you've got to decamp the soldiers
在海滩上耐心列队等待的士兵
who were waiting patiently on the beach in lines.
不能有慌乱 他们不能全都冲向船只
There can't be panic. They can't all rush the boat.
当有十几万人拥挤在海滩上时
Well, when you have some few hundred thousand people
会乱成一团
crowding on to the beach, it's a scramble.
光是要走到水边都会极端困难
It's incredibly difficult just simply physically getting toward the water,
更别说要登船了
let alone getting onto a boat.
他们都在坐以待毙 那肯定相当可怕
And they are sitting ducks. It must've been utterly terrifying.
希♥特♥勒♥的装甲部队 距离敦刻尔克仅有数公里了
Hitler's Panzers are now within a matter of miles of Dunkirk,
这时他们却收到了 德军最高统帅部的离奇消息
when they receive extraordinary news from German High Command.
有人下令装甲部队停止前进
An order goes out to halt the Panzers.
前线德军绝对都震惊了
And at the front, they're all absolutely spitting about this.
“我们才跨过了运河 你现在不能让我们停下”
Like, "We're just crossing the canal. You can't make us halt now."
首先收到消息的人之一
One of the first to receive the news
是海因茨·古德里安
is Heinz Guderian.
古德里安正在向海峡冲刺
Guderian was rushing towards the Channel.
他接到命令要让装甲部队停止进攻 他真的很愤怒
And then he gets an order to say the Panzer attack has to stop, and he's really furious.
当你在向前进攻 眼看着敌人正在逃离
When you're going forward attacking and you see the enemy's fleeing,
然后你又爆发出了激♥情♥
then you get some... some rush of enthusiasm.
当你收到要你停止的命令时
And when an... an order, uh, arrives that you should stop,
你不明白为什么
you don't understand why.
发出停止命令的原因之一
One of the reasons the halt order is put in place
是要让被装甲部队抛下的步兵跟上来
is to allow the infantry who've been lagging behind the armor to catch up.
他们认为我们还有一场仗要打
They were thinking, we've got another battle to fight
还要进攻剩下的法军
against the re... remaining French armies,
我们需要尽量保持 我们的装甲部队完好无损
and we need to keep as many of our Panzers intact as possible.
但有一个人在停止命令中 看到了黄金机会
But one man sees a golden opportunity in the halt order.
前一战王牌飞行员
Former World War One fighter ace
纳粹德国空军总司令 赫尔曼·戈林
and Luftwaffe commander in chief, Hermann Göring.
戈林或许是最显赫的纳粹领袖
Göring was maybe the most illustrious of the Nazi leaders.
希♥特♥勒♥完全信任他
I mean, Hitler completely trusted him.
他们是党内亲密的老同志
They were close, old party comrades.
戈林浮夸 愉悦且残忍♥
Göring was pompous, jovial, cruel.
他显然很爱吃 所有人都看得出
He very clearly loved to eat, everybody could tell that.
戈林的放纵并不限于食物
Göring's indulgences do not stop with food.
1923年 在纳粹党的一次失败政♥变♥中
In 1923, after receiving a bullet wound to the leg
他的腿受了枪伤
during a failed coup by the Nazis,
之后戈林就开始对吗♥啡♥上瘾
Göring became increasingly addicted to morphine.
以致于这位希♥特♥勒♥的左膀右臂
So much so that Hitler's right-hand man
曾两次住进精神病院
has twice been admitted to a psychiatric hospital.
他的吗♥啡♥成瘾
And his, um, addictions, uh,
无疑让他越来越倾向于
definitely made him more and more prone
高估德国空军的能力
to overestimate the abilities of the German Air Force
并且许下了他无法兑现的
and to make, uh, grandiose, uh, promises
浮夸承诺
that he could not keep.
当停止命令下达之后 他去了希♥特♥勒♥的总部
So when this halt order comes up, he goes to Hitler's headquarters.
他说 “别担心 我的纳粹空军将会摧毁英军”
He goes, "Don't need to worry about that. My Luftwaffe will destroy the British."
戈林还说 “听我说 元首 我们可以轰炸海滩
And Göring says, "Look, Führer, we can bomb the beaches,
我们可以轰炸 英国派来撤军的任何船只”
we can bomb any ships the British send over to evacuate."
“我能处理好”
"I can handle this."
正当成千上万的英法士兵
As thousands of British and French soldiers
试图逃过海峡时
are trying to escape across the Channel,
戈林的纳粹空军开始摧毁港口
Göring's Luftwaffe start to obliterate the port.
敦刻尔克完全陷入了混乱
Dunkirk was absolutely in disarray.
敦刻尔克遭到了狂轰滥炸 港口着火 并被炸毁
I mean, it'd been bombed heavily, port was on fire and destroyed,
街头还有死去的平民
some dead civilians in the street,
没有电 也没有自来水
electricity's down, running water's down.
完全是一幅杀戮场景
You know, it's a scene of absolute carnage.
随着一波又一波的德军飞机 用恐惧支配着地面的部队
As wave after wave of German planes reign terror down on the troops,
一个呼声出现了
a cry goes up.
他们不断在问 “皇家空军在哪里”
"Where was the RAF?" They were constantly saying, "Where's the RAF?"