彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

但这还不是全部
But that's not all.
他们还拿到了虎式坦克的规格
They got specifications about the Tiger tank,
这就意味着苏联能够生产 可以打击虎式坦克的炮弹
which meant the Soviets could produce shells that could attack the Tiger tank.
他们还掌握了德军坦克和部队
They got specific positions of where the Germans were going to go
即将前往的具体♥位♥置
with their tanks and their armies and so on.
所以苏军或多或少知道
So the Soviets more or less knew
即将发生战斗的地点
where the battle was going to take place.
而关于波内里战场的情报
Nowhere is this intelligence more apparent
是最为明显的
than on the battlefields of Ponyri,
这个位于库尔斯克以北72公里处的 村庄里有一个关键的火车站
a village with a key railway station just 45 miles north of Kursk.
尽管面对着浩大的攻势 莫德尔依然相信
Despite facing vast offenses, Model is convinced
如果他的第9集团军能够突破波内里
that if his 9th Army can break through at Ponyri,
库尔斯克就能成为他们的囊中之物
Kursk will be theirs for the taking.
莫德尔的部队正在艰难前进
As Model's forces grind their way forward
速度非常慢 每周只有19公里
very, very slowly at 12 miles in a week,
战斗的焦点是通往库尔斯克的道路
the focus of the battle is the road that leads down to Kursk.
我是说 那就是莫德尔运行的主干线
I mean, that's the main artery in which Model is operating.
苏联的这个不起眼的小地方 成为双方角力的焦点
And this obscure little place in the Soviet Union becomes the focus
莫德尔向南进攻
of Model's drive to the south and also Soviet determination,
而苏军决心阻止德军前往库尔斯克
uh, to... to keep the Germans from Kursk.
铁路一直都非常重要
Railway lines are always very important.
波内里火车站是个非常关键的地点
And the Ponyri station was a very crucial point,
苏军特地在这里做了充分的准备
and the Soviets had especially well prepared in this area.
7月6日 德军与红军正面交锋
On the 6th of July, the Germans and the Red Army go head-to-head
这场战斗成为了 东线最血腥的战斗之一
in what becomes one of the bloodiest battles on the Eastern Front.
波内里成为了最尖锐的
Here at Ponyri is the sort of cutting-edge,
最炽热的斗争支点
red-hot fulcrum of the struggle.
你们必须战斗至死 你对苏军士兵 下这种命令 他们也会服从
You gotta fight to the death. And when you told Russian soldiers that, they did.
参加过库尔斯克会战的 德军二等兵沃尔特·沃尔夫
German private Walter Wulff, who fought at Kursk,
记得德军最高统帅部
recalls an equally ominous order
也下达过同样不祥的命令
sent down from the German High Command.
我们的命令是 “不要俘虏
Our orders were "No prisoners taken,
君特·沃尔夫
第3装甲掷弹兵师
把最后一颗子弹留给你自己”
and save the last bullet for yourself."
“你不会进战俘营”
"You will not go in a prisoner of war camp."
“如果你能避免 就不会被俘”
"You will not be taken prisoner if you can avoid it. "
苏军的命令也一样 他们也不要俘虏
The Russians had the same. They didn't take any prisoners.
我是说 只要你是个士兵
Well, I mean, when you're a soldier,
你就得做你该做的事情
you do what you're paid to do
你就得做服从命令
and what you're ordered to do.
东线的战争跟西线的战争不是一回事
The war in the east is of a different type than the war in the west.
东线的战争事关存亡
It is existential.
所有人都意识到了这是一场生死之战
Everybody realizes that it is war to the death.
伤亡人数大增
Uh, the numbers of casualties go way up.
这的确是一种更加恶意的战争
Um, it's a truly much more vicious kind of warfare.
在库尔斯克首次亮相的 还有另一件希♥特♥勒♥的奇迹武器
Making its debut at Kursk is another one of Hitler's Wonder Weapons,
斐迪南坦克歼击车
the Ferdinand tank destroyer,
得名于其设计师
named after its designer,
著名汽车企业家斐迪南·保时捷博士
the famous automotive entrepreneur, Dr. Ferdinand Porsche.
斐迪南歼击车没有炮塔 但却装备了一门巨大的88毫米火炮
The Ferdinand was turretless, but it had a huge 88-millimeter gun,
可以在24公里外击毁敌军坦克
which had a range of about a mile and a half for destroying enemy tanks.
但斐迪南歼击车 却有一项致命的设计缺陷
But the Ferdinand has a fatal design flaw,
使其完全不适合
making it wholly unsuited for the close-combat fighting
波内里之战中的贴身近战
that befalls the Battle of Ponyri.
斐迪南歼击车有很厉害的火炮 但却没有配备机♥枪♥
The Ferdinand has an awesome gun, but it doesn't have a machine gun.
这就意味着近距离的苏军步兵
That means Soviet infantry in the vicinity are a real threat,
对这辆车来说是非常大的威胁
are a real threat to this vehicle.
在莫德尔的第9集团军 从北面进攻库尔斯克的行动中
During the northern assault on Kursk for Model's 9th Army,
这种缺乏副武器的情况 造成了严重的问题
this lack of secondary armament was a real problem,
因为当敌军逼近时 这辆车并没有自卫的手段
because when the enemy closed in on it, it had no means of defending itself.
共90辆斐迪南歼击车被派往库尔斯克 仅有一半逃脱了毁灭
Of the 90 Ferdinands sent to Kursk, only half escape annihilation.
另一件未能达到预期的武器
Also failing to live up to expectations
是豹式坦克
is the Panther.
豹式坦克遇到了一些初期阶段的问题
The Panther suffered teething problems.
很多豹式坦克被苏军的雷场毁坏
Many of the Panthers were damaged in Soviet minefields.
有一些被苏军反坦克炮从侧面击毁
Others were knocked out by Soviet antitank guns from the sides.
有一些遇到了机械故障
Others had suffered mechanical breakdowns.
几天下来 豹式坦克就没剩多少了
After just a couple of days, there were just a handful of Panthers left.
所以对乘员来说 豹式坦克更像是一种失望
So the Panther was more like a disappointment to the crews.
到了7月11日 在恶战了五天之后
By the 11th of July, after five days of savage fighting,
双方有成千上万的士兵
thousands of soldiers from both sides
都死在了波内里周围的战场上
lie dead in the fields around Ponyri.
莫德尔手下有超过一万人伤亡
For Model, with more than 10,000 of his men either killed or wounded
还有两百多辆坦克被摧毁
and over 200 tanks destroyed,
显然元首的消防员
it's clear that Hitler's fireman has come up against a fire
遭遇到了连他也无法扑灭的大火
even he can't put out.
莫德尔的北翼攻势被阻拦住了
Model's drive from the north has come to a halt.
他们无法再前进一步 他们距离库尔斯克也还很远
They're not driving any further, and they're coming nowhere near Kursk.
这当然就
And that, of course,
破坏了整个行动的设想
unhinges the entire operational conception.
随着堡垒行动的崩溃 希♥特♥勒♥也随之崩溃
As Operation Citadel falls apart, so too does Hitler.
希♥特♥勒♥本来对胜利 和他的新武器都充满了信心
Having been so confident of victory and of his new weapons,
当他听到北翼战败的消息时
when he heard the news of the defeat in the north,
他肯定感觉沮丧 衰弱和失望
Hitler must have felt dejected and broken and disappointed.
他不明白到底发生了什么
He can't understand what's happening.
他开始变得非常担忧 并开始自我反省
Uh, he starts to get very worried and starts to turn in on himself.
他不仅在心理上开始变化
Not only does he start to change psychologically,
身体情况也开始恶化
but he also starts to physically deteriorate,
一些之前不存在的征兆也开始显现
and one starts to see hints of things that hadn't existed before.
他的手开始发抖
He had got a shake in his hand.
他的专注维持不了以前那么久
He wasn't concentrating as long as he was able to.
他变虚弱了 气色也差
He's weaker. He's more sallow.
脚步也没那么灵便了
Uh, he's not as quick on his feet.
他开始孤立自己 不但躲开了最高统帅部
And he starts to isolate himself, both from the High Command
也躲开了代表他的德国人♥民♥和士兵
and from the people of Germany and the soldiers that represent him.
由于他的身体和精神状况
As a result of his physical and mental state,
希♥特♥勒♥最信任的医生西奥多·莫雷尔
Hitler comes under the constant medical care
一直在对他进行治疗
of his most trusted physician, Dr. Theodor Morell.
莫雷尔医生的胃口很大 所以也就有了个大肚子
Dr. Morell had a big appetite with a big belly to go with it,
他被其他人描述成一个相当怪诞的人
and was described by others as being quite a grotesque individual.
他超重且傲慢
He was overweight, overbearing,
有口臭
had bad breath.
他非常爱出汗 办公室就像是猪圈
Uh, he sweated profusely, and his office was like a pigsty.
他在1936年成功治好了 希♥特♥勒♥的胃痉挛
After successfully treating Hitler for stomach cramps in 1936,
之后便被希♥特♥勒♥聘为全职私人医生
Hitler hires Morell to be his full-time personal physician,
他在这个职位上做了九年
a position he maintains for the next nine years.
希♥特♥勒♥是个长♥期♥疑病患者
Hitler was a chronic hypochondriac,
他宣称自己患有各种疾病
and he claimed to have all sorts of ailments
包括视力不佳
from bad eyesight
他宣称这是一战时被毒气攻击的结果
that he claimed was a result of a gas attack in the First World War,
还有慢性胃痛 腹泻 胀气和湿疹
chronic stomach pains, diarrhea, gas, and eczema.
早年时 莫雷尔医生为希♥特♥勒♥规定了 健康的饮食起居制度
In the early years, Dr. Morell prescribed a healthy regime for Hitler,
给他吃维生素和葡萄糖
giving him vitamins and glucose
试图使他尽可能健康
in an attempt to keep his health as good as it could be.
但莫雷尔医生的治疗 很快就出现了奇怪的转变
But Morell's treatments soon take a strange turn.
莫雷尔让希♥特♥勒♥吃各种药片
Morell had Hitler taking all sorts of pills.
其中一种还含有老鼠药或士的宁成分
One of them had an ingredient of rat poison, or strychnine,
这是为了治疗他的胃病
to help with his gastric problems,
而另一种则含有枪♥械♥清洁剂
and another contained a gun cleaner.
他还开始给希♥特♥勒♥注射各种针剂
He also started to give Hitler a series of injections,
其中一些含有牛的精♥液♥
some of them containing bull semen.
这是为了提升他的男子气和性♥欲♥
And this was to help his virility and his libido.
这些奇异的疗法 可以让我们对医生和病人
These bizarre treatments give us a great insight
都有深刻的了解
into both doctor and patient.
医生的手段几乎是江湖医术
The doctor verging on quackery,
而元首也愿意尝试这些疗法
and the Führer's willingness to try these remedies.
到了1943年 战争的走势变得不利于希♥特♥勒♥
By 1943, as the tide of war turns against Hitler,
他的精神和身体状况开始持续恶化
his mental and physical well-being begins to spiral.
希♥特♥勒♥变得越来越古怪
Hitler became more and more erratic.
他的情绪非常低落
His moods were very low.