彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

到了1942年 大西洋中的护航舰只 甚至比美国参战之前更少
in 1942 there are fewer escorts in the Atlantic than before the US entered the war.
正当盟军的情况已经糟糕透顶时
Just when things couldn't get worse for the Allies,
邓尼茨正确地猜测到 敌人已经能够了解U型潜艇的通讯了
Dönitz correctly suspects the enemy can understand U-boat communication.
邓尼茨刚刚开始感觉有可疑
Dönitz just starts to smell a rat.
他依然觉得恩尼格玛密♥码♥
I mean, he doesn't think it can be possible
是不可能被破解的
that the Enigma codes have been cracked.
他觉得他们中间有叛徒在泄密
He thinks it's a... a traitor in his midst that's spilling the beans,
而不是布莱切利园的密♥码♥专家
rather than the fact that crypt-analysts at Bletchley Park
艰苦努力的结果
have actually been doing the hard yards.
邓尼茨坚持在恩尼格玛密♥码♥机上 加上了第四个转盘
Dönitz insists a fourth wheel is added to the Enigma device,
将可用的设置数增加了26倍
multiplying the possible settings by 26 times.
这让布莱切利 所有人的工作变得更加艰难
This made it much more difficult for everybody at Bletchley,
因为他们刚刚破解了密♥码♥ 以为一切都很好
because they just cracked the code, think everything's fine,
但接下来就眼前一抹黑 全部失效了
and then they turn around, and it was a blackout. It didn't work anymore.
盟军意识到 想要有机会赢得大西洋海战
The Allies realize to have a chance of victor y in the Atlantic,
就必须采用更有进攻性的手段 来猎杀U型潜艇
they must take on a more aggressive approach to killing U-boats.
英国在利物浦成立了 西部方法战术单位
The British set up the Western Approaches Tactical Unit in Liverpool
进行反潜策略的开♥发♥
to develop their anti-submarine strategy.
单位成员来自于皇家海军女子勤务队
It's staffed by the Women's Royal Naval Service,
简称女子勤务队
also known as the Wrens.
实际上交给女子勤务队的任务
The Wrens were given the task, effectively,
是进行一些战争游戏
to play kind of war games
试图搞清楚如果你是船队或是一艘船
to try and figure out,
在被攻击时应该要怎么做
what do you do if you're a convoy or if your a vessel that's being attacked?
女子勤务队在油毡地板上 玩起了巨型战舰游戏
The Wrens play giant games of battleships on a linoleum floor
并将之前护航舰只 与U型潜艇的海战重新复盘
and re-stage previous ocean battles between escorts and U-boats.
其中一个游戏叫做树莓行动
One of these games was called Operation Raspberry,
实际就像是向希♥特♥勒♥吹树莓
like blowing a raspberry to Hitler, actually.
通过推演所有这些不同的排列
By going through all of these different permutations
你会如何反应的排列
as to how you react,
我们找出了保护商船队的最佳方法
we're able to figure out how to best protect the merchant marine.
她们在研究模式 研究U型潜艇是如何部署的
What they're doing is looking at patterns and seeing how U-boats are deploying,
使用从被拦截的船队
using the data that has been accrued from intercepted convoys
以及U型潜艇攻击中积累的数据
and from attacks by U-boats,
试图找出并改善护航舰只保护船队
and trying to work out and improve how the escorts can better protect their convoys
以及猎杀U型潜艇的更好方法
and better kill U-boats.
女子勤务队做出了巨大的战术突破
The Wrens make huge tactical breakthroughs
并且向成千上万海军军官 传授了反击方法
and teach counterattacks to thousands of naval officers.
军官们回到自己的船上后
Officers would go back to their ships,
当他们被攻击时 就会将这些战争游戏的成果付诸实施
and when they were attacked, they'd put these war games into effect practically.
这些战术非常成功
These tactics were very successful.
女子勤务队因出色的工作受到了赞扬
The Wrens were applauded for their... for their tremendous work.
多亏了树莓 船队的全套技术都被改变了
The whole techniques of the convoys was changed thanks to Raspberry.
而将这些新战术 进行了示范性使用的就是
These new tactics are put into exemplary use
强尼·沃克上校
by Captain Johnnie Walker,
一位U型潜艇传奇杀手
a legendary U-boat killer.
沃克指挥着 由五百人组成的庞大护航团队
Walker commands a huge escort group of 500 men
他们航行在船队的前方 猎杀U型潜艇
who travel ahead of convoys and hunt down U-boats.
你创造了一项纪录
You have created a record
你击沉了
in having sunk,
千真万确的
well and truly,
毫无疑问的
no doubt about them,
六艘德国U型潜艇
six German U-boats.
德国U型潜艇
The German U-boats,
自1939年以来
who have been the hunters
一直都是猎手
since 1939,
现在变成了猎物
now became the hunted.
盟军指挥官请求丘吉尔派出远程飞机
Allied commanders ask Churchill for long-range aircraft
帮助沃克的护航团队 扫荡位于大西洋中部 47万平方公里的空隙
to help Walker's escort groups reach a 180,000-square-mile gap in the middle of the Atlantic,
U型潜艇就躲藏在这里
where the U-boats hide.
所谓的大西洋空隙 一个黑洞
The so-called Atlantic Gap, the black hole…
U型潜艇可以在那里集结
that's where the U-boats could congregate
在那里无法有效地攻击U型潜艇
and where it was impossible to attack the U-boats effectively,
因为那里距离陆地太远了
because it was so far from land.
大多数飞机无法到达那里
Most aircraft couldn't reach.
沃克想要远程轰炸机 来帮助缩小大西洋中部航♥空♥空隙
Walker wants long-range bombers to help close the Mid-Atlantic Air Gap.
但这些飞机都被分配给了 轰炸机司令部的司令
But they've all been allocated to the head of Bomber Command,
亚瑟·哈里斯
Arthur Harris.
哈里斯 绰号♥“轰炸机”哈里斯
Harris, whose nickname was "Bomber" Harris,
他想要用他能弄到手的所有飞机
wanted to use every available airplane
去轰炸德国城市
he could get his hands on to bomb German cities.
他相信如果你在足够的德国城市 投下足够的炸♥弹♥
He was convinced that if you put enough bombs on enough German cities,
就能削弱士气 就能颠覆希♥特♥勒♥
it would undermine morale, it would overthrow Hitler,
不用入侵德国就能结束战争
it could end the war without an invasion.
那种战略轰炸就能赢得战争
That strategic bombing could win the war.
当风暴席卷德国时 他们会回想起
When the storm bursts over Germany,
在吕贝克 罗斯托克和科隆的日子
they will look back to the days of Lübeck and Rostock and Cologne
就像被飓风席卷的人
as a man caught in the blasts of a hurricane
会想起去年夏天的温柔和风
will look back to the gentle zephyrs of last summer.
我认为丘吉尔的看法♥正♥确
Churchill, I think he thought, rightly,
他觉得“轰炸机”哈里斯 是个很粗鲁的角色
that "Bomber" Harris was a pretty crude character.
但他挺喜欢 哈里斯咄咄逼人和浮夸的感觉
But he quite liked his aggressive, bombastic sense
“能做到” “会做到” “我们会从空中摧毁他们”
of "can do," "will do," "we'll destroy them from the air."
丘吉尔把远程轰炸机交给了哈里斯
Churchill gives the long-range bombers to Harris
并没有派他们去保护英国海军
instead of sending them out to protect the British Navy.
大西洋中部空隙依然是个安全港
The Mid-Atlantic Gap remains a safe haven for the U-boats to hide
U型潜艇可以躲藏在其中 并且威胁英国的生命线
and threaten Britain's lifeline.
到了1943年1月
By January 1943,
战争浪潮在希♥特♥勒♥的 所有前线上都发生了转向
the tides of war are turning for Hitler on all fronts,
海军最高统帅部之内也出了麻烦
and there's trouble within the Naval High Command.
雷德尔上将刚刚在巴伦支海海战中
Admiral Raeder has just suffered a humiliating defeat
遭受了耻辱的失败
in the Battle of the Barents Sea.
这是他第二次遭受重大损失
It's his second big loss
上一次是英国海军集结了 大批飞机和战舰
after the British Navy assembled a large force of aircraft and warships
追击并击沉了希♥特♥勒♥挚爱的俾斯麦号♥
to hunt down and sink Hitler's beloved Bismarck.
俾斯麦号♥的沉没是一次沉重的打击
The sinking of the Bismarck was a heavy blow.
俾斯麦号♥代表着德军战斗舰队
She represented one-quarter of the strength
四分之一的战斗力
of the German battle fleet.
这实际代表着 雷德尔水面舰艇战略的终结
This was actually the end of Raeder's surface strategy.
他所支持的巨舰
The big ships he was in favor of
在对抗船队时并不十分成功
hadn't proven very successful against the convoys.
希♥特♥勒♥很愤怒 他说
Hitler was enraged, and he said,
“雷德尔 你总是很支持这些巨大的战舰
"Raeder, you always were in favor of these big battleships,
你向我保证过会成功”
and you promised me success."
希♥特♥勒♥将雷德尔解职
Hitler dismisses Raeder
并迅速提升邓尼茨担任纳粹德国海军
and swiftly promotes Dönitz to be the new commander in chief
新的总司令
of the Kriegsmarine.
邓尼茨终于拿到了海战金冠
Dönitz finally has the naval crown
还有他一直想要的三百艘U型潜艇
and the 300 U-boats he's always wanted.
但是否为时已晚
But has it all come too late?
大西洋上的力量平衡又改变了
The power balance in the Atlantic has changed again.
盟军现在凭借刺猬炮 和雷达探测系统这样的新武器
The Allies now have the technological edge
获得了技术优势
with new weapons like the Hedgehog and radar detection systems.
德军规定要在夜晚浮出水面攻击
The German protocol of attacking on the surface
这样就不会被潜艇探测器发现
at night so that ASDIC didn't affect them
而这一招现在已经没用了
was now neutralized by virtue of the fact
因为盟军有雷达
that the Allies had radar
在黑暗中也看得到他们
and could see them in the dark.
这就极大地改变了势态
That changed the dynamic dramatically.
到了1943年 英国海军终于获得了
When the British Navy finally gets support
远程飞机的支持
from long-range aircraft in 1943,
盟军消除掉了大西洋中部空隙
the Allies close the Mid-Atlantic Gap.
在他们差不多覆盖掉了整个大西洋时
The moment that they close the net on pretty much the entire Atlantic,
对U型潜艇来说 算是游戏结束了
it's sort of game over for the U-boats.
这些B-24解放者轰炸机
These Liberators, these B-24 Liberators,
武装到了牙齿
are armed to the hilt
配备有火箭 有大炮
with rockets, with cannons,
有鱼雷 有炸♥弹♥ 什么都有
with torpedoes, with bombs, absolutely everything.
当他们发现了一艘U型潜艇
And when they see a U-boat,
就会直接发起进攻
they just go straight in for it.