彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

and help them switch sides,
“这样我们转眼间 就能杀到阿尔卑斯山了”
and then we'll be all the way up in the Alps before you know it."
让意大利成为同盟国 在1943年和44年的主要目标
Make Italy the... the primary of Allied effort in 1943 and '44.
所以你不用去法国 你可以顺着意大利海岸
So you don't do France, you go along the Italian coast
直达德国本土
and up into Germany proper.
西西里战役的成功 似乎证明了丘吉尔战略的正确性
The success of the Sicily campaign seems to justify Churchill's strategy.
措手不及的罗斯福总统 觉得自己别无选择
Ambushed, President Roosevelt feels he has little choice
只能再次接受首相的计划
but to yet again accept the prime minister's plan
并同意入侵意大利
and agree to invade Italy.
丘吉尔非常聪明和狡猾
Churchill is very clever and wily,
他说 “意大利将会非常好拿下”
and he says, "Italy will be so easy to take."
“德军正在逃跑”
"You know, the Germans are running away."
“那里已经没剩下什么了”
"There's really nothing much there."
“这会是一场超级容易的胜利 都用不了太多盟军部队”
"This is gonna be a super easy victory that's not gonna take many Allied troops."
所以他们再次成功说服了美国人
And so again, they managed to convince the Americans.
美国人带着沉重的心情
So the decision to go into Italy is taken, you know,
决定进入意大利
with sort of a heavy heart by the Americans.
但丘吉尔再次成功了
But again, Churchill has gotten his way.
情况变化起来真是很惊人
It's amazing how that changes.
从入侵西西里 到意大利大乱 再到“好吧 你可以入侵意大利”
Just invaded Sicily, to Italian chaos, to "Okay, you can invade Italy,"
因为他们认为意大利会换边
because they think Italy is going to switch.
他们能相对很快地 接管大部分的意大利
And they will be able to take over much of Italy relatively quickly.
但正当同盟国起草 进攻意大利的入侵计划时
But as the Allies draw up invasion plans to attack Italy,
他们的准备工作 却被一桩丑闻破坏掉了
their preparations are derailed by a scandal.
美国最有效率的将军似乎失去了头绪
America's most effective general seems to have lost the plot.
很不幸 巴顿在西西里战役中 最著名的时刻
Patton's most famous moment in the Sicilian campaign, unfortunately,
跟打击德军没有任何关系
has nothing to do with beating the Germans.
而是他在医院里揍了几个自己的士兵
It has to do with beating a couple of his own soldiers in the hospital.
巴顿去医院巡视 他对一个士兵说 “你在这里做什么”
Patton is touring a hospital and says to one, "What are you doing here?"
那个年轻人的回答基本上是 “我再也受不了 长官”
The young man gives the equivalent of, "I just can't take it anymore, sir."
他在枪林弹雨中待太久了
He'd been under fire too long.
当然 巴顿的回应是扇了他巴掌
And of course, Patton's response is to slap him.
要让他“长点志气”
To put some backbone into him.
但是美国♥军♥官 我可能还得加上英国♥军♥官
But American officers, and, I might also add, British officers,
是不能对自己的士兵动手的
don't lay hands on their men.
巴顿在西西里时精神状态并不好
Patton's mental state is not good on Sicily.
随着争议的引发 巴顿从前线任务中被撤出
As the controversy swirls, Patton is withdrawn from frontline duty,
一名菜鸟将军 马克·克拉克
and a rookie general, Mark Clark,
被派来指挥前往意大利的美军
is put in charge of the U.S. troops destined for Italy.
克拉克是一个追求荣耀的人
Clark is a glory hound, a glory seeker.
他的确在二战中飞速崛起
He had a really meteoric rise in World War II.
克拉克一直在气恼 “我需要一支军队”
Clark is just chafing, "I need an army. I need an army."
而现在克拉克的统帅能力 要接受第一次真正的考验了
And so for the first time, Clark is gonna be really tested with the command.
在一个以高傲自负著称的职业里
In a profession known for towering egos,
马克·克拉克或许就是最高傲的那个
Mark Clark might have had the most towering of all.
他坚持如果他没有被拍出最佳效果
He insisted that... that photographs be reshot
那么照片就得重拍
if it... if he wasn't shot to his best advantage.
很不幸 克拉克把傲慢自大
Clark, unfortunately, mixed arrogance
跟对自己能力的 严重高估混合在了一起
with a vast overestimation of his own abilities.
我不是很确定 他为何被贬低地这么厉害
I'm not really quite sure why he's being so vilified.
所有美军指挥官都有很多东西要学
I mean, all American commanders have got a lot to learn.
我认为马克·克拉克绝对属于这一类
And I think Mark Clark definitely falls into that category.
1943年9月 盟军入侵意大利的 两栖行动开始进行
In September 1943, the Allies' amphibious invasion of Italy gets underway.
马克·克拉克将他的美军部队派往
Mark Clark sends his U.S. forces towards Salerno,
意大利西南海岸的萨莱诺
on the southwest coast of the country.
但在途中有消息传来
But as they travel, news filters through to the men
意大利即将投降了
that Italy is on the brink of surrender.
船上几乎就要有庆祝的气氛了
The atmosphere on board is almost celebratory.
克拉克和他的手下预期只会遇到
Clark and his men are expecting only weak resistance
萨莱诺意大利部队的微弱抵抗
from Italian troops in Salerno.
马克·克拉克基本认为 他们可以在毫无抵抗的情况下登陆
Mark Clark basically thinks they're gonna land unopposed,
所以他决定不进行炮火准备 就派出部队
so he decides to send the troops in without any preparatory bombardment,
基本上就是毫无戒备地派出他们
basically, to send them in open.
这是美军在二战中
It's the most dangerous landing
进行的最危险的一次登陆
the Americans ever undertake in the Second World War.
他们并不知道
And what they did not comprehend
那里有德军 而且是大规模的德军
is the Germans were there, and were there in force.
从西西里逃走的德军师就在萨莱诺
The German divisions that escaped from Sicily are in Salerno.
在德军看来 西西里行动是一次成功的 争取时间的防御行动
From a German perspective, Sicily was a successful defense operation to buy time.
德军必须向全世界展示
German Army must demonstrate to the world
我们要把他们赶回海里
that we are going to push them into the sea.
在政♥治♥上 我们必须展示出德军的能力
Politically, we must demonstrate the capabilities of the German Army,
从而在意大利建立起适当的防御
to build up a proper defense in Italy.
在盟军计划入侵时
While the Allies planned their invasion,
纳粹却在控制意大利
the Nazis were taking control of Italy.
九月中的一个清新早晨
On a crisp, mid-September morning,
滑翔机降落在 墨索里尼的意大利监狱窗外
gliders land outside Mussolini's Italian prison window.
德国突击队前来救他出狱
German Commandos have come to bust him out.
这是一个讲给德国听众的完美故事
It is a perfect story to tell to the German audience,
这些德军超级士兵 这是一次很酷的行动
oh, these super German soldiers, and it's a cool operation.
墨索里尼被救出 一切都没事了
Mussolini was rescued, and everything is okay.
墨索里尼被飞机送去与希♥特♥勒♥重聚
Mussolini is flown to be reunited with Hitler,
并被告知纳粹有计划 让他重新掌管意大利
and told the Nazis have a plan to put him back in charge of Italy.
被德国人“营救”出的墨索里尼
The picture of Mussolini being, quote-unquote, "rescued" by the Germans
看起来并没有 因为被带离了山顶而大喜过望
is not the picture of a man overjoyed to be brought off the mountaintop.
看起来反而有些疲倦
It's a man who looks rather tired…
还有一点害怕 因为他现在又回到油锅里了
and slightly scared… because he's now back on the frying pan,
我觉得他也在怀疑 德国人会对他做什么
and he, I think, has a suspicion about what the Germans will do with him.
他在那里是为了执行德国人的愿望
He is there to enforce German wishes.
在这个时刻 德国人说
At this very moment, the Germans say, "Okay,
“好了 现在我们准备要占领意大利
now we are preparing to... to occupy Italy,
因为很显然 如果意大利人想除掉墨索里尼
because obviously, if the Italians want to get rid of Mussolini,
那他们也想除掉德国人”
they want to get rid of the Germans as well."
“意大利可能会退出战争 可能会向同盟国投降
"Italy might leave the war, might surrender to the Allies,
而我们显然不能允许”
and this is…" "We can't allow that, obviously."
对他们来说 “意大利人都是懦夫 软弱的意大利人”
For them, it was, "The Italians are cowards, they're the weak Italians,"
德国人的反应非常严酷
and... and there was a very harsh German reaction.
德军从北方涌入意大利
German forces have poured into Italy
带着准备占领这个国家的命令
from the north, with orders to be ready to occupy the country.
与此同时 巴多格里奥元帅领导的 意大利临时政♥府♥
Meanwhile, the Italian interim government under Marshal Badoglio
与同盟国签署了停火协议
signs an armistice with the Allies
并在9月8日投降
and surrenders on the 8th of September,
但他们却没有通知他们的部队
but they neglect to tell their troops.
正当意大利士兵
While the Italian soldiers were wildly confused
对自己遇到的新情况非常迷惑时
about the new situation in which they found themselves,
德国部队已经准备好
the German troops were actually very much ready
对意大利人下手
to move against the Italians.
这些德军部队接近了他们
And so, these German groups approach them,
意军还以为他们是同僚 是战友
and they think they're colleagues, they're comrades-in-arms,
结果一些人被枪击 一些人被殴打
and some of them are shot, some of them are... are beaten up.
而意大利人感觉很震惊
And the Italians are just in shock.
数万人在德军的囚禁中消失或死亡
Tens of thousands perished and died in German captivity.
德军占领意大利北部之后
Once the Germans occupied Northern Italy,
便对意大利人发起了
it was a very brutal and criminal warfare
非常残忍♥和罪恶的战争
against the Italian, uh, population.
他们连妇孺都杀 造成了很多屠♥杀♥
They also killed women and children, and you have a lot of massacres,
特别是1944年时的前线部队
especially in 1944, by frontline troops.
意大利已被占领 墨索里尼也被扶植成傀儡领袖
With Italy occupied and Mussolini installed as a puppet leader,
老练的纳粹将军阿尔贝特·凯塞林
Veteran Nazi General Albert Kesselring assumes control
接管了军事部署
of the military arrangements.
“微笑的阿尔贝特”承诺
"Smiling Albert" has auditioned for the job
他将为这个国家每一寸土地而战 从而获得了这个职位
by promising he will fight for every yard of the country.
有无数张他在微笑 大笑 开玩笑的照片
There are numerous pictures of him smiling, laughing, sharing a joke.
但话虽如此 他将意大利视为
But having said that, he treats Italy
唯一的斗争
as if it were the only struggle,
和唯一的战役
the only campaign being fought.
他不在乎意大利是否会全部化为焦土
He doesn't care if every single inch of Italy is destroyed.
这又不是他的国家
It's not his country.
回到萨莱诺 美军入侵意大利的两栖行动
Back at Salerno,
登陆已经四天了
the Americans' amphibious invasion of Italy is still stuck near the beachhead
却依然被困在滩头附近