彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

德军必须要快速入侵库尔斯克突出部
the German invasion of the Kursk salient needs to be quick.
希♥特♥勒♥选择了闪电战背后的策划者
Hitler chooses the mastermind behind the blitzkrieg, or lightning war technique,
埃里希·冯·曼施坦因 来领导这次进攻
to lead the offensive, Erich von Manstein.
冯·曼施坦因 是一位典型的贵族普鲁士军官
Von Manstein was a classic aristocratic Prussian officer.
曼施坦因家庭双方的家族都从过军
Manstein's whole family on both sides of his family had been soldiers.
所以他从骨子里就带有军事精神
So he had the military ethos in his bones.
当然 小资产阶级出身的希♥特♥勒♥
Of course, Hitler, of petit bourgeois origins,
则是从底层辛苦爬上来的
had worked himself up by, really, the scruff of his neck.
他在1912年时还是无家可归的流浪汉
He'd been a homeless vagabond in 1912
通过加入德军才出人头地
before joining the German Army and making something of himself,
最终进入了政界
and eventually entering politics.
在个性方面 曼施坦因和希♥特♥勒♥ 可以说是天差地别
In terms of personality, Manstein and Hitler could not be more different.
埃里希·冯·曼施坦因 严格地控制着自己的情绪
Erich von Manstein was somebody who kept his emotions strictly under control,
曼施坦因对希♥特♥勒♥ 还有一定程度的势利蔑视
and Manstein also had a certain degree
不过这完全是出于社会背景
of snobbish disdain for Hitler, based entirely on social grounds.
但他们都明白 他们在一定程度上相互需要
But they see that they need each other at some point,
因为我们必须展现出 德国能够赢得这场战争
because we must show that Germany could win this war.
我们毕竟是无敌的
And we are invincible, after all.
在希♥特♥勒♥和曼施坦因 筹划库尔斯克战役时
As Hitler and Manstein plan for the Battle of Kursk…
在莫斯科 希♥特♥勒♥的死敌约瑟夫·斯大林
…in Moscow, Hitler's nemesis Joseph Stalin
在赢得了斯大林格勒战役后 充满了胜利感
is feeling victorious after winning the Battle of Stalingrad,
这是战争爆发以来 他的首次重大胜利
his first major win since the outbreak of war.
这场战役虽然赢了 但东线的战争还远未结束
The battle may be won, but the war in the east is far from over.
俄♥国♥西南部大部分地区 依然被德军占领
With large parts of southwest Russia still under German occupation…
斯大林决心要夺回曾经属于他的东西
Stalin is determined to take back what was once his.
但想要有任何成功的希望
But to achieve any hope of success,
他必须要先面对他的军队的致命弱点
he must confront his military's fatal weaknesses.
在战争的初期阶段 俄♥国♥缺乏准备
During the earlier stages of war, Russia was underprepared.
没有足够的部队或是装备
They didn't have enough troops or equipment.
他们没有做好动员的准备
They weren't prepared for mobilization,
而这最终导致了他们的失败
and this ultimately resulted in their defeat.
斯大林知道他需要重振军备
Stalin knows that he needs to rearm.
在军事装备方面 他想要在产量上超过德国
In terms of military equipment, he was intent on outproducing Germany.
这将会成为二战的决定性因素
And that was to be the decisive thing about World War II.
斯大林说 这将会是机械的战争
Stalin said this is gonna be a battle of machines.
生产出最多机械的人将会获胜
The person who produces the most machines is gonna win.
到了1943年4月 希♥特♥勒♥ 为库尔斯克战役制定的计划开始执行
By April 1943, Hitler's plan for the Battle of Kursk is underway.
代号♥堡垒行动
Code-named Operation Citadel,
希♥特♥勒♥准备从南北两个方向 发动钳形攻势 将敌军困住
Hitler intends to launch a pincer movement in the north and south and trap the enemy.
堡垒行动的目的是俘获庞大的苏军
The aim of Operation Citadel was really to capture the great Russian armies
从而重振整个东线的战事
and to reinvigorate the whole war effort in the east.
与斯大林一样 他也需要提升武器产能
Much like Stalin, who needs to ramp up his armament production,
希♥特♥勒♥在东线决定性攻势的核心
at the heart of Hitler's decisive offensive in the east
是他所谓的奇迹武器
are what he calls his Wonder Weapons or Wunderwaffe .
希♥特♥勒♥相信在进攻库尔斯克的行动中
Hitler believes that he has an ace up his sleeve
他手里是有王牌的
in the operation against Kursk,
而王牌就是这些全新的坦克
and the ace are these brand-new models of tanks.
领头冲锋的就是虎1坦克
Leading the charge is the formidable Tiger 1,
德军坦克中的明珠
the crown jewel of German tanks.
虎式坦克已经作为史上最好的坦克 而被载入史册
The Tiger tank has gone down in history as being the best tank that was ever invented:
无敌 强大
invincible, powerful,
是战场的象征
the symbol of the battlefield.
但在1943年初 虎式坦克基本上还是未经测试的
But in early 1943, the Tiger tank was pretty much untested.
只在北非和列♥宁♥格勒 参加过有限的行动
It had seen limited action in North Africa and at Leningrad,
但参战并不多
but not very much at all.
库尔斯克将会是一次大考验
Kursk was gonna be the big test.
虎式坦克重达60吨♥ 装甲厚达100毫米
Weighing up to 60 tons and with armor 100 millimeters thick,
炮塔上还装备有88毫米火炮
the Tiger tank has an 88-millimeter gun in the turrets
能够在16公里之外击毁敌军坦克
and can destroy an enemy tank from over a mile away.
它不但能击穿任何坦克 还能打飞任何坦克的炮塔
It can not only blast through any tank, it can blast the turret off any tank.
这些都是极端强大的武器系统
So these are extremely powerful weapon systems.
投入生产的还有另一种全新的
Also being rolled into production is a tank so new,
还未上过战场的坦克 豹式坦克
it's never seen action: the Panther.
希♥特♥勒♥的目标是用一台
Hitler's goal, to flood the battlefield with a killing machine
比红军声名狼藉 但却已过时的T-34坦克
that is bigger, faster,
更大更快更精准的杀人机器
and has better precision than the Red Army's infamous,
来充斥整个战场
yet dated, T-34.
坦白说 T-34在1941和1942年
And, frankly, the T-34 might have been the greatest tank
可能是战争中最伟大的坦克
of the war in 1941 and 1942,
但它已经开始显露出老态
but it's beginning to show its age,
任何设计好的武器系统 随着时间流逝都会如此
as any designed weapon system does over time.
而德国人在设计豹式坦克时 就部分针对着T-34
The Germans have designed the Panther partially as an answer to the T-34.
在堡垒行动的准备期间
During the build-up to Operation Citadel,
希♥特♥勒♥加大了对武器生产的介入
Hitler's involvement in the production of these weapons intensifies.
希♥特♥勒♥痴迷于
Hitler was obsessed with the development
这些奇迹武器的开♥发♥
of these Wunderwaffe , these Wonder Weapons,
参加会议 并且制定出
attending meetings and laying out details
他希望能被遵循的细节
that he wanted to be adhered to,
例如正面和侧面的装甲厚度
such as the thickness of the front and the side armor,
火炮尺寸 以及车辆行驶的速度
the size of the gun, the speed the vehicle would move at.
他坚信这些新型坦克
He was so convinced
将会使德军在进攻中获得优势
that these new tanks would give the German Army the edge for this offensive
他真的认为这些新坦克 具有决定性意义
that he really considered these new tanks like decisive.
一个月之后 1943年5月
A month later, in May 1943,
在库尔斯克周围的战场上
on the battlefields around Kursk,
德军正在等待即将到来的
the Germans are awaiting orders on the imminent attack
攻击斯大林红军的命令
against Stalin's Red Army,
而这时希♥特♥勒♥却突然临阵退缩了
when Hitler suddenly gets cold feet.
希♥特♥勒♥想推迟堡垒行动的进攻
Hitler wanted to delay the Citadel attack.
希♥特♥勒♥本人对此非常紧张
Hitler himself had been extremely nervous about it.
整个堡垒行动的概念让他反胃
The whole concept of Operation Citadel made his stomach churn,
这是可以理解的
and one can understand why.
希♥特♥勒♥接到了报告
Hitler has received reports of an unexpected and preemptive strike
苏联空军出乎意料地 对库尔斯克附近的德占机场进行了先发制人的打击
by the Soviet Air Force on German-occupied airfields near Kursk.
五百架纳粹空军的飞机被摧毁
Five hundred Luftwaffe planes have been destroyed.
此外 希♥特♥勒♥的奇迹武器 也有坏消息传来
What's more, there's bad news about Hitler's Wonder Weapons.
豹式坦克没有做好战斗准备
The Panther wasn't really combat-ready.
没有经过适当的测试
It hadn't been tested properly,
乘员也没有经过适当的培训
and so the crews hadn't been trained properly,
他们还未适应进行营级的战斗
and they weren't yet used to fight on the battalion level.
与此同时 虎式坦克被发现生产缓慢
Meanwhile, the Tiger is proving slow to produce.
他想要虎式坦克做好准备
He wanted the Tiger tank ready,
但每周的产量仅有12辆
and only 12 were being produced per week.
所以希♥特♥勒♥认为我们不能这么做 因为我们的装备还没准备好
So Hitler thought, "We can't do this because we don't have the equipment ready."
我们需要更多时间 来集结部队 来完成训练
"We need more time to assemble the troops, to finish training,
来完成维护
to finish maintenance."
所以总而言之 他一次又一次推迟
So all in all, he put it off and put it off and put it off.
希♥特♥勒♥的犹豫使得他跟他的总司令
Hitler's hesitancy puts pressure
埃里希·冯·曼施坦因之间 本已堪忧的关系雪上加霜
on his already fraught relationship with his chief commander, Erich von Manstein,
随着时间一周周流逝
who, with each week that passes, grows increasingly anxious
曼施坦因对于能否发起成功的攻击 也变得越来越焦虑
about pulling off a successful attack.
曼施坦因希望早一点动手 而希♥特♥勒♥则希望晚一点
Manstein wishes to go early, Hitler wishes to go later.
这是纳粹国防军最高统帅部里
This is one of the most tension-fraught moments
最紧张的时刻之一
within the Wehrmacht's High Command.
在很多人看来 希♥特♥勒♥的优柔寡断再一次证明
To many, Hitler's indecision is another sign
他早已不是曾经的最高统帅了
that he's far from the supreme commander that he once was.
这很能说明希♥特♥勒♥的心理状态
And it tells a lot about Hitler's state of mind.
在所有这些失败和战败之后
After all these failures and after all these defeats,
在1943年初
in early 1943,
他很害怕再次犯下决定性的错误
he really was afraid of making another decisive error.
在库尔斯克之前 他变得更加战战兢兢 更加紧张
And he was even more jittery and nervous before Kursk.
他明白这次冒的风险很可怕 但也是必需的
He understood that this was a terrible risk he was taking, but an essential risk.
六周后 7月5日早晨
Six weeks later, on the morning of the 5th of July,
希♥特♥勒♥的士兵依然在 库尔斯克周围的前线掘壕固守
Hitler's soldiers are still dug in on the front line around Kursk.
突然之间 他们脚下的大地开始颤抖
Suddenly the earth beneath their feet begins to shudder,
天空也被点燃
and the sky is set ablaze.
就在他们以为要进行 大规模进攻的时候 砰
Just when they thought they were coming in with this massive offensive, boom.
地狱在他们身边爆发了
Hell erupts around them.
苏军♥火♥炮和迫击炮的炮火
The bombardment of Soviet artillery and mortar
降临在成千上万的德军头上
rains down on the thousands of German troops.