彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

我觉得这能显示出柏林的重要性
I think to show its importance,
美国和英国都分到了柏林的一部分
that the Americans and the British are given slices of Berlin
作为在苏联占领区内的占领分区
as zones within the Soviet zone.
苏联占领区
在战后地图划定之后
With the post-war map decided,
约瑟夫·斯大林开始计划 战争中最后一次大进攻
Joseph Stalin starts planning for the last great assault of the war.
这是一次让他终于能够作为伟大领袖 而被载入史册的机会
It's a chance for him to finally secure his legacy as a great leader.
斯大林一直想成为军事指挥官
Stalin always wanted to be a military commander.
他一开始只是格鲁吉亚 一名鞋匠的儿子
He'd started as a cobbler's son in Georgia.
他曾学习过担任神职
He'd studied for the priesthood.
他皈依了马♥克♥思♥主义 成为狂热的马♥克♥思♥主义者
He'd converted to Marxism and become a fanatical Marxist.
还是青少年的他从那时起就相信
And from that day on in his teens, he believed it was the only way
人类为工人阶级实现正义的唯一方式
that humanity would achieve justice for the working man,
就是马♥克♥思♥主义 就是共♥产♥主义
was Marxism, was communism,
人人平等
equality for all.
自从斯大林站在了革命前沿
Since being at the forefront of the Revolution which transformed Russia
将俄♥国♥从沙皇帝国 改造成了共♥产♥主义国家
from a czarist empire into a communist state,
他的雄心也日益增长
Stalin's ambitions have only grown.
斯大林首先将自己视为一个历史人物
Stalin saw himself first and foremost as a historical character,
一位俄♥国♥领袖 是夺取过巴黎 击败过拿破仑的
as a Russian leader, a successor to Peter the Great
彼得大帝和亚历山大一世的继承者
and Alexander the First, who took Paris, who defeated Napoleon.
但对于俄♥国♥最高统帅来说
But for the Russian supremo,
占领柏林不仅仅是一次军事征服
capturing Berlin is more than simply a military conquest.
还要报复希♥特♥勒♥ 对苏联人♥民♥发起的四年杀戮战争
It's about avenging Hitler's murderous four-year war on the Soviet people.
阿道夫·希♥特♥勒♥ 为了极权征服入侵了苏联
Adolf Hitler invades the Soviet Union for totalitarian conquest.
他想要么抹杀掉那里的人♥民♥
He wants to either wipe out the people who are there
要么把他们变成 侍奉德国优等种族的奴隶
or turn them into, really, sort of slaves to serve the German master race.
所以他对苏联发起的战争 是具有种族灭绝性质的
So the war that he unleashes on the Soviet Union is genocidal.
他们实施了这场意识形态战争 他们焚烧村庄
They conduct this ideological war where they're kind of burning villages,
将人排起来枪杀
lining people up, shooting them,
像对待奴隶一样对待大量的战俘
treating vast numbers of prisoners of war like slaves,
让他们饥饿而死
letting them die of starvation.
数千万人被杀害
Tens of millions of people are killed.
在战场上发生过大屠♥杀♥ 有村庄被抹除掉
There had been mass slaughter on the battlefields, villages wiped out.
人类历史上最可怕的毁灭战争
The most horrific war of destruction in human history.
所以曾经目睹自己的国家
So there's a desire on the case of the Soviet soldiers
遭遇到可怕野蛮行径的苏联士兵
who had seen their country suffer horrible barbarisms
想要把战火引回德国
to sort of bring the war home to the Germans.
当然 德国本身早已成为了战场
Of course, Germany itself has been a battlefield
遭受了三年的猛烈轰炸
for three years of intense bombing.
几乎所有主要城市都被摧毁了
Almost all the major cities are themselves wrecked.
柏林被摧毁了
Berlin is wrecked.
现在 要进行一场战役来结束这一切
And now, you are going to have a battle to end it.
希♥特♥勒♥将柏林称为要塞城市
Hitler called Berlin a fortress city.
要塞城市就意味着 要坚守到最后一个人
Fortress city meant that it had to be held to the last man.
最后一名士兵也要坚守柏林
Last soldier standing was to be killed in battle defending Berlin,
直到战死 这就是他的心态
and that was his mentality.
因此 恐惧和惶恐 在柏林本身就很可怕
So, the fear, the trepidation is just terrifying in Berlin itself.
希♥特♥勒♥说所有人都必须寸土必争
And what Hitler does is says that everyone has to fight for every last yard.
不能投降 必须坚持
There can be no surrender. We've gotta keep going.
德国人对俄♥国♥人就是如此恐惧
Such is the Germans' fear of the Russians
以致于红军遭遇了顽强的抵抗
that the Red Army runs into stiff resistance.
为了协助完成任务
To help finish the job,
斯大林派出了声名狼藉的 陆军元帅格奥尔基·朱可夫
Stalin sends for the infamous Field Marshal, Georgy Zhukov.
是的 毫无疑问 朱可夫非常冷酷无情
Oh, yes, no doubt, Zhukov was very ruthless.
他也非常粗鲁
He was also very rude.
他没受过多少教育
He was not very educated.
他也从来不喜欢受过教育的军官
He never liked educated officers,
因为他自己没有接受过军事训练
because he himself had no military training.
但他显然是一个有才华的人
But he was obviously a talented man.
一个意志坚定的人
A man of will.
如果你给他下了命令 他就会尽全力去完成
And if you give him an order, he does his best to fulfill it.
朱可夫指挥了二战中所有的大决战
Zhukov commanded all of the great decisive battles of World War Two.
你不会想成为他的敌人
He was a man you'd want on your side, and he's the only general
他也是斯大林唯一真正信任的将军
who's really trusted by Stalin.
作为一位百战老将 朱可夫知道 要攻击柏林
A hardened war veteran, Zhukov knows that an assault on Berlin
就要使出俄♥国♥拥有的所有手段
is going to take everything the Russians have got in their artillery.
他们把攻击时间定在四月中
And so they set the date for the attack in mid-April.
这只留给了红军几周时间
That's gonna give the Red Army a matter of weeks
来完成攻击柏林的准备工作
to finish its preparations for this assault on Berlin.
他们一定得做好 而且时间并不多
They've gotta get this right, and they don't have a lot of time.
历史是有代价的 赢下柏林也会有代价
History has costs, and winning Berlin will have costs.
他需要进行史上最大规模的军力集结
He needed the most massive concentration of force ever,
250万人
2.5 million men,
七千架飞机 四万门大炮
7,000 planes, 40,000 guns,
七千辆坦克
7,000 tanks.
但要集结如此庞大的军力绝非易事
But amassing such a huge force is no easy feat.
红军越远离苏联领土
The farther the Red Army gets away from Soviet territory,
各种资源就需要运送得越远
the farther all these resources have to travel.
朱可夫此刻有点急不可耐
Zhukov is chomping at the bit at this point.
但他们没有补给
But they don't have the supplies.
他们在很多方面都很接近了
They're so close in many ways.
他们距离柏林大约只有60公里
They're only something like 60 kilometers from Berlin,
但他们已经没有了速度和能量
but they're out of airspeed, out of energy.
这需要耐心
It requires patience.
但在他耐心等待部队重新补给时
But as he waits patiently for his armies to be resupplied,
斯大林得知 他在西线的朋友们又开始行动了
Stalin learns that his friends in the west are on the move again.
英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔很兴奋
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
因为根据预期 英军有可能抢在苏军之前
is excited by the prospect that the British Army
赶到柏林
might make it to Berlin ahead of the Soviets after all.
你得要记住 温斯顿·丘吉尔
You have to remember, Winston Churchill is a soldier
是一名参加过多次战斗的士兵
who has seen combat many times in his life.
他在印度打过仗
He had fought in India.
他在苏丹打过仗
He fights in the Sudan.
他参加过布尔战争 也在一战时进过战壕
He fights in the Boer War. And he goes to the trenches in the First World War.
丘吉尔看待一切 都基本带着宏大历史观
Churchill sees everything very much in grand historical terms.
比如说 如果你看过他对二战的描述
If you read his accounts of World War II, for example,
里面就引用过从罗马人 到伊特鲁里亚人的内容
there are these references to everything from Romans to the Etruscans.
显然对他来说 夺取柏林就是这些时刻之一
And so obviously for him, taking Berlin is one of those moments,
要展示出西方部队 也在各个战场上战斗
a way of showing the Western troops who also fought in whatever theater,
不管是在北非还是西西里
whether it's North Africa or Sicily,
所以才会有现在这个时刻
so that this moment could happen.
他想要展示出功劳也有英国的一份
He's trying to show that the British still have skin in the game.
他们终于进入了德国西部 这非常具有象征意义
It's incredibly symbolic they're finally getting into Western Germany,
但他们依然需要越过一个大障碍 那就是莱茵河
but they have still got to get across this major obstacle, which is the River Rhine.
莱茵河是一条古老的大河
The River Rhine is a big, old river.
并不容易跨越
You know, crossing it is not gonna be easy.
跨越莱茵河的桥梁已经被德军摧毁
The bridges across the Rhine have been destroyed by the Germans,
盟军只能分散成 搭乘两栖车辆的侦察队
and the Allies are reduced to scouting parties in amphibious vehicles.
但车辆并不足以运输整支部队过河
But they're not big enough to get an entire army across the river.
德军把桥都炸了 我们要过河就只能靠两栖车
The Germans had blown the bridges, and we knew to cross, it'd be amphib.
渡河之前两天 我只吃得下银河巧克力
Two days before that crossing, I couldn't eat nothing but Milky Way bars.
又得来一次D日了
It's gonna be D-Day all over again.
很危险啊
It's dangerous.
但当美军在波恩附近的雷马根小镇
But when the Americans capture the last intact bridge
夺取了最后一座完好的桥梁之后
at Remagen near Bonn,
德国守军陷入了混乱
the German defenders are thrown into disarray.
突然之间 英美联军又再次向柏林
Suddenly, the Anglo-Americans are moving fast again,
快速挺近了
on their way to Berlin.
斯大林得知了 盟军历史性地跨过莱茵河的消息
Word of the Allies' historic Rhine crossing gets back to Stalin.
而他自己的军队依然动弹不得
With his own armies going nowhere,
他采用了一种新策略
he now adopts a new tactic.
他发送消息给盟军说
So he sends a message to the Allies and he says,
“在我们看来 柏林已经失去了所有战略价值”
"As far as we're concerned, Berlin has lost any strategic value."
他说 “我们对柏林没有兴趣”
He says, "Yes, we're not really interested in Berlin."
“柏林不再是我们的首要目标了”
"It's not really a prime target for us anymore."
“所以这事跟我没关系了 我们不会去夺取柏林”
"And so I'll have nothing to do with it. We're not going for Berlin."
斯大林说你们去打吧
Stalin is saying to go for it.
斯大林给电报盖上了4月1日的印♥章♥
Stalin stamps the telegram the 1st of April,
对于他的真实意图来说 倒也是个恰当的日期
an appropriate date for his real intentions.
斯大林在费力说服同盟国 他不想夺取柏林之后