彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

WWⅡ in Color: Road to Victory S01E07

Part 6 Dec. 30, 2021, 7:39 p.m.

it now falls to what's left of the military
来确保所有平民不会落入敌手
to make sure that none of the civilians fall into enemy hands.
日本平民被告知
The Japanese population had been taught
他们会被美军虐待
that they would be mistreated by Americans.
女人会被强♥奸♥ 男人会被坦克碾死
The women would be raped. The men would be run over by tanks.
塞班岛上的军人说
And on Saipan, the military men said,
“你和我们没有区别”
"There's no difference between you and us."
“所以我们不如一起死”
"So we may as well die together."
他们也目睹了这场恶战的展开
And they had watched this vicious battle unfold.
他们在美军到来之前就逃走了
As they were fleeing ahead of the Americans,
所以没能看到后方的情况平民获得了很好的对待
they weren't seeing what was happening, where people were treated well.
所以美军投放了传♥单♥ 用日文和韩文告诉平民
So the Americans drop leaflets telling the civilians,
“你如果投降就会有食物吃我们不会伤害你”
"If you surrender, you'll be given food. We won't hurt you." Dropped them in Korean and Japanese.
但美军没有意识到塞班岛上大部分人说的是一种方言
The Americans didn't realize on Saipan most of the people spoke a dialect
有很多人都读不懂传♥单♥
and a lot of them couldn't read or understand the leaflets.
于是就有了这场悲剧
And so you have this tragedy
成千上万的日本人选择了自杀
of, really, thousands and thousands of Japanese
有时还杀死了自己的孩子
taking their own lives, in some cases, taking the lives of their own children.
跳下悬崖
Leaping from cliffs.
我看到一个女人带着孩子跳了下去
I did see that woman with her kid jumping in.
这的确困扰着我
It did bother me. I…
所以我晚上才睡不着
That's why I don't sleep nights.
有个故事说有个女人把自己的婴儿丢下了悬崖
There's one story of a woman who threw her baby over the cliff,
在她跳崖时一位陆战队员把她拉了回来并且送去了后方
and a Marine dragged her back from throwing herself over, and then took her to the rear.
她四处环顾看到了所有人的待遇
And then she looked around and saw how well everyone was being treated,
然后就彻底崩溃了因为她白白牺牲了自己的孩子
and just had a complete breakdown because she had just sacrificed her baby for nothing.
那位陆战队员说那一刻你几乎能听到她心智崩溃的声音
The Marine even said you could almost hear her mind snap at that moment.
这是美军部队第一次在战场上
This is the first time that American troops have encountered
遭遇到大量日本平民
large numbers of Japanese civilians on the battlefield.
这带来了各种可怕的新暗示
That raises all sorts of horrible new implications
在越来越靠近日本
about what is it gonna be like to take this war
或许还要进入日本本土之后
further and further towards Japan
这仗打起来会是什么样子
and maybe into Japan itself?
那种冲突的恐怖
The horror of that conflict
在塞班岛第一次成真了
becomes real for the first time on Saipan.
但受到塞班岛见闻影响的不仅仅是美军
But it's not just the Americans who would be affected by what they see on Saipan.
一位驻扎在岛上的记者写了一篇关于这些恐怖事件的报道
When a reporter stationed on the island writes an account of the horrors,
这个故事也传回了日本本土
the story makes it back to mainland Japan.
《时代》杂♥志♥的战地记者鲍勃·谢罗德写了一篇生动的报道
In Time magazine, the war correspondent Bob Sherrod wrote a very vivid account
记载了这起平民自杀的巨大悲剧
of this great tragedy of these civilian suicides.
日本人通过欧洲的一个中立大使♥馆♥
A copy of that magazine was obtained by the Japanese
获得了一本该杂♥志♥
through a neutral embassy in Europe,
翻译过后在日本出版
and then published in Japan in translation.
正是这篇美国记者的报道
And it was really that account by an American reporter,
抓住了日本人♥民♥的想象力
uh, that really seized the imagination of the Japanese people.
那些杀死了自己年幼孩子的母亲们
The mothers who had taken the lives of their own young children
被誉为真正的日本英雄
were lauded as authentic Japanese heroes.
这是军方的宣传
That was the military's propaganda
在美化这部分日本人♥民♥的
to glorify the ultimate sacrifice
终极牺牲
on the part of the Japanese people.
他们被描述成最好的日本人
They were presented as the best kind of Japanese.
但在一位成年女子的日记中
But it's in the diaries of adult women
“战败”这个词第一次出现了
that the word "defeat" first appears.
在塞班岛战役之后
After the Battle of Saipan,
一位女性日记作者写道
one female diarist, she says,
“我们应该要有勇气不惧艰难险阻选择放弃战斗”
"We should have the courage, come hell or high water, to give up the fight."
当日本战败的命运逐渐开始被人♥民♥知晓
As the fate of Japan's war begins to dawn on the population,
战争背后的操盘手也终于走到了结局
for the man behind it, the game is finally up.
有人得要付出代价这个人当然就是东条英机
Someone has to pay the price, and that man, of course, is Tojo.
他实际上是被迫辞职的
He's effectively forced to resign.
我觉得所有人都能意识到东条英机的辞职
I think everyone recognized that Tojo's resignation,
加上塞班岛的可怕失败
together with the horrible defeat on Saipan,
标志着战争的转折点
marked a turning point in the war.
也就是在这个时候
This was the moment when it became clear
很多普通日本人开始明白
for many ordinary Japanese
宣传机构向他们讲述的故事
that the story that the propaganda authorities had been giving them
根本无法自圆其说
simply didn't add up,
这是一场日本有失败危险的战争
and that this was a war that Japan was in danger of losing.
当美军在马里亚纳群岛
Public fears soon come to fruition
挤满了他们全新的B-29机队时
when the Americans pack the Marianas
大众的担忧很快就要成真了
with their shiny new air fleet of B-29s.
而其中最害怕的
Among those now fearing the worst,
就是日本天♥皇♥裕仁
Japan's Emperor Hirohito.
他几乎精神崩溃
He had almost a nervous breakdown.
情况变得越来越严重
And it became worse and worse.
夜复一夜他睡不着
Night after night he was up,
在他的房♥间里游荡自言自语
roaming, wandering in his room, talking to himself.
但他什么都做不了
But he could not do anything.
他的死忠追随者将要进入自杀模式
His die-hard followers are gonna just go to suicidal mode.
一直战斗到痛苦的终点
Fight to the bitter end.
尽管美军正在逼近日本本土
Even though the Americans are closing in on the Japanese home islands,
任何有理性的对手都会退让
and any rational adversary would blink,
但日本人不会他们只会战斗到底
the Japanese aren't gonna blink. They're gonna fight on and on and on.
而这就是战争愈演愈烈的原因
And, uh, this is gonna account for the increasing ferocity of the war.
日本人很担心美军占领群岛
The Japanese had worried about American possession of the islands,
因为这会给他们提供一个起飞地点使他们的远程轰炸机
because it would give them a launching spot for their long-range bombers
能够攻击到日本城市而美军也的确这么做了
that could attack Japanese cities, and it did exactly that.
塞班岛的失守最终导致了日本大轰炸
The loss of Saipan ultimately leads to the bombing of Japan,
特别是1945年3月初的东京燃♥烧♥弹♥轰炸
in particular, the firebombing of Tokyo that takes place in early March 1945.
在这起可怕的事件中 47平方公里的城市被摧毁
A horrific occasion of which 18 square miles of the city are destroyed,
多达10万人丧生
up to 100,000 lives lost.
但难以置信的是皇居安然无恙
But, incredibly, the Imperial Palace survives.
但东京的毁灭的确意味着
But the destruction of Tokyo really does mean
这是日本帝国崩溃的开始
this is the beginning of the end for the Japanese Empire.