彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

他们拥有足够的食物 生活得相当不错
They have access to plenty of food. They're living quite well.
一些人在现在也很知名
Some of them still known today.
可可·香奈尔就是其中之一 她就住在旺多姆广场旁的丽思酒店里
Coco Chanel is one, who's living in the Ritz Hotel off the Place Vendôme.
巴黎人把这两类人区分开了
It's the distinction that Parisians make
一些人只是为了让家人能够活下去
between those people who did what they had to do
做了不得不做的事情
in order for their families to survive,
而另一些人则过着 比城里其他人好得多的生活
and those people who were living much better than the rest of the city.
希♥特♥勒♥也开始让这个城市自相残杀
And Hitler starts to turn the city against itself
他给德国当局下令 要他们奖励那些
by ordering the German authorities to reward Parisians
告发自己邻居反抗纳粹政♥权♥的人
who denounce their neighbors for resisting the Nazi regime.
比如说 这就让一些人
It offered a very good opportunity
获得了非常好的复仇机会
for some people to settle scores, for instance.
这也是个在跟老对手竞争中
It could be a good way of trying to seize the opportunity
抓住机会占得上风的好办法
to win the upper hand against old-time enemies.
人们害怕自己的邻居 害怕自己的家人
People are terrified of their own neighbors, of their own family.
他们害怕被定罪
They're terrified of being condemned.
或许只是因为有人想要报复他们
Maybe for no reason other than somebody wants to get back at them,
或是有人不喜欢 他们在战前对自己做过的事情
or somebody doesn't like something that they did to them before the war.
所以这是一个非常紧张的地方
So it's an extremely tense place.
尽管很危险 还是有一小部分勇敢的巴黎人
Despite the danger, a small number of brave Parisians
组建起了抵抗组织
form Resistance cells.
他们决心要想尽一切办法与纳粹斗争
They're determined to fight the Nazis in any way they can.
早期的抵抗运动有很多种形式
Resistance in the early days took many forms,
有地下报纸和宣传
underground newspapers and propaganda.
他们做过的最重要的事情之一 就是帮助盟军飞行员
And one of the most important things was helping Allied airmen
和战俘通过逃生网络
and prisoners of war getting back from occupied territory into England
从占领区逃回英国
across a network of escape lines.
我从一开始就加入了抵抗运动
I joined the Resistance from the very start.
珍妮特·范德斯霍顿
抵抗运动成员
我们有四年时间 都处在害怕被跟踪的恐惧中
We spent four years in fear of being followed.
当我丈夫或者我出门时
When my husband or I went out, we waited anxiously
我们都会焦急地等待对方回来
for each other to return,
因为我们也不知道我们会不会被捕
because we never knew if we were going to be arrested.
反抗运动成员还生活在
Resistance members live in fear
对法兰西民兵 这个新准军事组织的恐惧中
of a new paramilitary force called la Milice .
维希政♥府♥为了打击反抗运动 打造了这个组织
It's created by the Vichy government to crush the Resistance,
其成员就来自于法国内部
and its recruits come from within France itself.
民兵吓坏了大部分法国人
The Milice really terrifies most French people,
因为民兵就是法国人
because the Milice is of them.
他们了解法国文化和语言 也有人脉
They understand the culture, the language, they have the connections.
民兵使用各种渗透战术
The Milice are using all kinds of infiltration tactics
来破坏抵抗组织
to break up Resistance groups.
恐吓人的方法有很多
There's lots of ways to terrorize people.
巴黎人多年来 一直眼睁睁看到有人消失
Parisians have watched people literally just disappear over the years.
如果民兵怀疑某个巴黎人有抵抗行为
If the Milice suspects a Parisian of Resistance activity,
他们就会将他或是她 送进弗雷斯尼斯监狱内
they take him or her to the infamous Gestapo torture chamber
臭名昭著的盖世太保刑讯室
in Fresnes Prison.
在某种意义上 所有抵抗者都得有双重身份
All resisters, in a sense, had to have a double identity.
有时候 当他们的伪装被识破
What sometimes happened was that their cover was blown,
如果你被逮捕或是折磨
and the idea was that if you were arrested and tortured,
你应该要能够把秘密掩盖24小时
you should be able to cover up for 24 hours.
这样才能让你的同伴有时间逃跑 或是消失
That gives your mates the time to... to get away and to disappear.
不然的话 你就有被视为叛徒的危险
Otherwise, you're in danger of being seen as a traitor.
我过去一直对自己说
I always said to myself,
如果他们逮捕了我
if they arrest me,
我希望他们不会把我折磨得太厉害
I hope they don't torture me too much.
我曾经说过 如果他们逮住了我 我希望我会抵抗
I used to say that if they ever catch me, I hope I'll resist.
盖世太保为让抵抗者开口说话 使用的方法有很多
There were many ways that the Gestapo employed to try and make resisters talk,
包括了从肉体折磨 到心理折磨的各种方式
ranging from physical torture to psychological.
还有电休克疗法
There was also electric shock treatment,
各种暴行 包括殴打
uh, brutality such as punching, beating people up,
把人挂在天花板上
hanging them from the ceiling,
拔掉手脚指甲
finger and toe nail removal,
不停重复 直到他们开口回答
repeated and repeated, until they gave away their answers.
其中最可怕的刑讯者
The most fearsome interrogator of all
就是盖世太保官员 尼古劳斯·“克劳斯”·巴比
is Gestapo official Nikolaus "Klaus" Barbie,
也就是所谓的“里昂屠夫”
the so-called "Butcher of Lyon."
“克劳斯”·巴比很喜欢在抵抗者面前 折磨他们的家庭成员
"Klaus" Barbie delighted in torturing people's family members in front of them
从而让他们吐露出 尽可能多的他想要的信息
to try to get them to give as much information as he wanted.
这是不愿开口的抵抗者 挥之不去的恐惧
It was the haunting fear of Resistance not to talk.
比如说 有一位抵抗运动成员
There was a Resistance member, for example,
他们放狗去攻击他母亲
and they set the dogs on his mother.
在那一刻 他的防线就崩溃了
And at that moment, he broke.
民兵还帮助德军甄别
The Milice also helped the Germans to single out
和围捕犹太人
and round up the Jewish population.
犹太人被要求佩戴黄色六芒星
Jewish people were asked to identify themselves
来表明自己的身份
by wearing a yellow star,
这立即就将他们与其他人区分开来
and that immediately set them apart from the rest of the population,
这只是流程的开始
and it was the start of a process
之后他们中许多人都被送进了集中营
which led, for many of them, to the concentration camps.
维希政♥权♥帮助德国将76000名犹太人
The Vichy regime helps Germany send 76,000 Jews
送进了死亡集中营
to death camps,
其中至少一成是儿童
and at least one in ten are children.
过程中并没来自德国的 明显或直接的压力
These things are going on without evident or any direct pressure from Germany,
这当然就能表明 这些行为是发自于 至少是部分发自于
which certainly indicates that these are coming, at least in part,
维希政♥府♥自己的意识形态
from the ideology of Vichy itself.
当巴黎被法♥西♥斯♥ 和反犹太主义政♥权♥控制时
While Paris is held in the grips of a fascist and anti-Semitic regime,
在海峡对面的英国
across the Channel in Britain,
一位名叫夏尔·戴高乐的法国将军
a French general called Charles de Gaulle
继续在为祖国的自♥由♥而战斗
continues the fight for his country's freedom.
即便在法国的至暗时刻
Even in France's darkest hour,
戴高乐依然有愿景 法国会再度成为民♥主♥国家
De Gaulle, he has a vision that France will again become a democracy,
法国会回归伟大的传统 这场噩梦也会结束
France again will return to its great traditions, and that this nightmare will end.
戴高乐创立了自♥由♥法国运动
De Gaulle creates the Free France movement.
而在英国广播公♥司♥的帮助下
And with the help of the BBC,
他在国际上发表了强有力的演讲
he internationally broadcasts powerful speeches
号♥召人♥民♥来加入他
and calls on people to join him.
夏尔·戴高乐
我们希望能有一天
We hope that one day
一支卓越的机械化部队
a superior mechanized force
将使我们能够确保胜利
will allow us to secure victory
并且解放我们的祖国
and free our fatherland.
有人深受戴高乐的打动和激励
The people are so moved and so inspired by De Gaulle
他们想方设法来到英国
that they find any way they can to get over to England
加入自♥由♥法国运动 跟他一起工作
and to join the Free French movement and to work alongside him.
许多人说 “我要战斗 我要跟随你的旗帜”
A number of people go, "Actually, I am gonna fight, I am gonna follow your banner."
但这只是起步时非常小的步伐
But it's pretty small steps to start off with.
维希政♥府♥回应了自♥由♥法国运动
Vichy responds to the Free France movement
他们缺席判处了戴高乐死刑
by sentencing De Gaulle to death in absentia.
但他没有被吓倒
But he remains undeterred,
继续努力寻求国际领袖的支持
and works hard to gain support from international leaders.
到了1942年初
By the beginning of 1942,
美国作为同盟国加入了战争
the United States has joined the war as an ally,
戴高乐游说大西洋两岸的政客 寻求支持
and De Gaulle lobbies politicians on both sides of the Atlantic for support.
他跟左派认识谈话 也跟反对维希政♥府♥
He talks to people on the left, to people that are anti-Vichy,
但说到底依然是右♥派♥的人谈话
but nevertheless on the right.
他许诺我们会除掉德军 除掉维希政♥府♥
And he makes promises that we'll get rid of the Germans, get rid of Vichy.
当非洲的法国殖民地加入戴高乐之后
When the French colonies in Africa join De Gaulle,
他们为他提供了 建立自♥由♥法国♥军♥队所需的额外人力
they provide the extra manpower he needs to build up the Free French Army.
一位杰出的将军领导着这些新兵
A brilliant military general leads the new recruits,
菲利普·勒克莱尔
Philippe Leclerc.
自♥由♥法国♥军♥队在北非展开军事行动
The Free French forces see action in North Africa,
他们在那里帮助盟军 击败了轴心国势力
where they help the Allies secure victory against the Axis powers.
盟军正计划尽快入侵被占领的法国
The Allies are planning to invade occupied France as soon as possible.
而戴高乐希望能够参与计划
And De Gaulle wants to be in on the plan.
他的部队渴望从纳粹手中 解放法国首都
His troops are itching to liberate the French capital from the Nazis.
当希♥特♥勒♥得知法国殖民地 加入了戴高乐和同盟国
When Hitler hears the French colonies have joined De Gaulle and the Allies,
他愤怒了
he's outraged.
希♥特♥勒♥非常愤怒 于是他拿法国发泄怒火
Hitler is absolutely furious, and so takes it out on France
占领了之前未占领的地区
by occupying the previously unoccupied zone.
他违反了自己的停战协定 占领了法国全境