彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

They are vital refueling stations
也是战斗中珍贵的生命线
and a valuable lifeline mid-battle.
日军作战计划的核心
In the heart of the Japanese plan, you have the idea
就是战机可以从日军航母上起飞
that planes can take off from the Japanese carriers…
攻击美军舰队
…attack the American fleet,
降落在塞班岛或是关岛
land on the islands in Saipan or Guam,
加油 补充弹♥药♥ 再次攻击美军舰队
refuel, re-arm, hit the American fleet again,
然后回到日军航母上
and then return to the Japanese carriers.
这就是穿梭轰炸
This is shuttle bombing.
全过程都保持在 美军舰队作战半径之外
All the time having the American fleet essentially be out of range,
使其无法发动反击
unable to launch a counterstrike.
小泽治三郎被东京告知
Ozawa is told by Tokyo
在关岛上有450架友军飞机
that he is gonna have 450 friendly airplanes
会协助他作战
on Guam to help him out,
将他的机队规模翻倍
doubling the size of his air fleet.
考虑到小泽治三郎可使用的资本
Given the assets that Ozawa has at his disposal,
他的确已经制定出了最好的作战计划
he's really crafted about the best battle plan that he could have.
很快 小泽治三郎收到消息 他的陷阱奏效了
Soon, Ozawa receives the news that his trap is working.
美军开始入侵塞班岛了
The American invasion of Saipan is underway.
1944年6月15日 西太平洋D日
June 15th, 1944, was Pacific D-Day.
两栖登陆可能是
Amphibious landings are probably one
最难执行的行动之一
of the hardest operations you can undertake.
有船只被击中被炸碎
You would have ships being hit and blown apart.
烟雾缭绕 还有持续不断的炮火轰炸
Smoke and incessant and constant artillery bombardment.
乱就一个字
Chaos, in a word.
这对于美国海军陆战队来说 绝对是非常可怕的经历
It must've been an absolutely horrific experience for the U.S. Marines.
到第二天结束时 他们已经造成了四千人的伤亡
By the end of the second day they've incurred 4,000 casualties,
这真是一个巨大的伤亡名单
which is a huge butcher's bill.
在机♥枪♥ 迫击炮和火炮的枪林弹雨中
Getting people off, tending to the wounded in the storm of machine-gun fire
撤退人员 照顾伤员
and mortar fire and... and shell fire,
还需要补充更多弹♥药♥
and the need for resupplying more ammunition,
这绝对强调了他们和舰队
it absolutely underlines the critical link
以及在离岸船只上 待命的增援部队之间
that had to remain between them and the fleet,
必须要维持的关键连接
the reinforcements that were waiting in the ships offshore.
但在舰队向 正在展开的大屠♥杀♥输送补给时
But as the fleet sends supplies to the carnage that's unfolding,
行动负责人收到了令人担忧的报告
the man in charge receives a worrying report
在区域内发现了 小泽治三郎的庞大舰队
that Ozawa's armada has been spotted in the area.
塞班岛美军舰队的总司令
The overall commander of the U.S. fleet at Saipan
叫雷蒙德·斯普鲁恩斯
is a man called Raymond Spruance.
斯普鲁恩斯 在太平洋战争中获得了不错的名声
Spruance has got a pretty good reputation through the Pacific War.
他在美国海军界备受推崇
He's highly regarded in U.S. naval circles.
斯普鲁恩斯的第一个感觉是 这可能是个骗局
Uh, Spruance's first feeling is, this could be a hoax.
这可能是日军故意设置的骗局
This could be a deliberate hoax by the Japanese
想要让我放弃 对塞班岛登陆部队的保护
to draw me away from the defense of the landing forces at Saipan
这样日军水面舰队 就能来消灭掉所有运输船
so that the Japanese surface fleet can come in and knock out all the transports.
所以我得做出一个选择
So I've got a decision to make here.
我该相信这个消息 还是保持原地不动
Do I believe that this is the case, or shall I remain here?
他选择了后者
He takes the second decision.
斯普鲁恩斯认为 这信♥号♥♥只是个虚假警报
Believing the signal to be a false alarm,
他对负责指挥航母的 马克·米切尔中将下令
Spruance orders the man in charge of his carriers,
要他保持原地不动
Vice-Admiral Marc Mitscher, to stay put.
斯普鲁恩斯告诉米切尔
So Spruance told Mitscher,
“你跟登陆滩头的距离 不能超过320公里”
"You may not go any further than 200 miles from the landing beach."
米切尔不喜欢这种命令
Mitscher did not like those orders.
米切尔是初代飞行员之一
Mitscher was among that very first generation of aviators.
他是个坚忍♥的人
He was a stoic figure.
他话不多 但喜欢听
He didn't talk much. He listened a lot.
但他对于航母空中力量的能力 有着与生俱来的理解
But he had an innate understanding for the capabilities of carrier air power,
这就让他能够凭直觉做出决定
uh, that allowed him to make intuitive decisions,
结果证明他几乎总是对的
that almost always turned out to be right.
米切尔的直觉是相当可以理解的
Mitscher's instincts, quite understandably,
他知道他的飞机的作战半径 比不上日军飞机
he knows his planes have a shorter range than the Japanese planes,
所以他的直觉是冲向日军
is to head towards the Japanese.
斯普鲁恩斯的做法在很多方面 其实正中小泽治三郎的下怀
And what Spruance was doing, in many ways, was playing into Ozawa's hands,
因为他保持不动
because he was remaining stationary,
就会让小泽治三郎能够 随意选择距离起飞飞机
which is allowing Ozawa to launch his planes at whatever range he likes,
这就意味着 他能躲在美军飞机的作战半径之外
meaning that he would be out of the range of the American planes.
美军航母被困在了滩头
With the American carrier force pinned to the beachhead,
他们在小泽治三郎面前只能坐以待毙
they'll be sitting ducks for Ozawa.
6月18日 他在秘密地点集结好了舰队
On 18th of June, he gathers his fleet in their secret location,
准备发起进攻
ready to pounce.
当舰队最终集结好之后
When the fleet finally does get assembled,
那真是一幅壮观的景象
it's a majestic sight.
当然对于身处联合舰队中的人
And certainly for the men in that task force,
这肯定能给他们极大的信心
it must have given them a great deal of confidence
他们终于有能力 击败那些傲慢的美国人了
that they had what it took, finally, to be able to beat the arrogant Americans.
这是日军在二战期间能够组建起来的
It's the largest fleet that the Japanese are able to put together
最大规模的舰队
during the whole Second World War.
三支机动舰队 九艘航母 五艘战列舰
Three mobile fleets, nine aircraft carriers, five battleships,
十三艘巡洋舰 航母上载有四百多架飞机
13 cruisers, and more than 400 planes on these aircraft carriers.
再算上群岛上的五百架飞机
And so you've got a massive striking power, uh,
这是一支庞大的进攻力量
that when you ally that with the 500 aircraft based on the islands,
真的非常有可能摧毁美军舰队
you have got a serious potential to destroy the U.S. fleet.
当小泽治三郎向舰队发出最终命令时
When Ozawa issues his final orders to the fleet,
他向每一位水手都说得很清楚
he makes it very clear to every sailor
你们应该要付出全力
that you are expected to do your utmost,
因为这一战的结果 将会决定日本的命运
because the fate of Japan hinges on the outcome of this battle.
6月19日早晨
On the morning of 19th of June,
小泽治三郎准备击败自己的大敌
Ozawa prepares to take down his great enemy.
小泽治三郎已就位
Ozawa was in position.
美军没有做出反应
The Americans were not reacting,
哪怕他们已经知道了他的位置
even though they'd already had an indication of where he was,
他们让自己处于了极端不利的情况
and they were putting themselves at extreme disadvantage.
关键时刻到了
This is the moment.
他命令他的打击力量 从主要航母上起飞
He orders his strike forces to launch from his main aircraft carriers.
一个接一个 这些庞大的打击力量升空了
One after the other, these huge strike forces go up in the air.
小泽治三郎肯定觉得 “我的敌人就在我想要他们待的地方”
And Ozawa must've thought, "I've got my enemy just where I want him."
日军飞行员进入了编队
The Japanese pilots move into their formations,
准备沉重打击毫无戒备的敌人
ready to wreak havoc on their unsuspecting enemy.
但有东西出现在了地平线上
But then something appears on the horizon.
日军飞行员肯定极其震惊
It must have been absolutely shocking, as a Japanese pilot,
他们认为自己 离美军航母还有一定距离
to believe that you're still some ways from the American carriers,
但突然之间 这些庞大的蓝色美军战机
and then all of a sudden, out of the sun,
就从太阳里钻了出来
come these attacking big, blue American fighters.
日军以为自己能够像珍珠港一样 再次偷袭美军
The Japanese thought they'd sneak up on the Americans like in Pearl Harbor,
但实际上美军对日军的 每个举动都了如指掌
but in fact the Americans anticipated every Japanese move.
对小泽治三郎来说很不幸
Unfortunately for Ozawa,
他的惊人计划 并不像他希望的那样严密
his stunning plan isn't quite as watertight as he'd hoped.
他们没有考虑美军的新发展
What they don't factor in is these developments
那些美军一直努力开♥发♥
that the Americans have been working so hard on
并且投入了海量资金的成果
and spending enormous sums of money.
不计其数的努力与技术专长
Hours and hours of effort and technological expertise
已经完全改变了游戏规则
completely changed the game.
美军舰队配备着新的秘密武器
The American fleet is armed with a secret weapon
而且并未被日军情报机构发现
that Japanese intelligence has failed to uncover.
雷达
Radar.
每艘美国航母现在都配备着 一个最先进的雷达中心
Every U.S. carrier now has a cutting-edge radar center
哪怕是原地不动 也能探测到进犯的敌机
to detect incoming enemy planes without having to move an inch.
美军舰队 不但对雷达的使用已经突飞猛进
The use of radar in the American fleet had advanced by leaps and bounds,
对雷达数据与战机控制功能的整合
but also the integration of radar data with the functions of fighter control,
以及航母上所谓的作战情报中心中
the ability of officers and enlisted men
官兵的能力也是如此
in what we call the Combat Information Centers aboard the carriers.
作战情报中心在一个大房♥间里
The CIC was in a large room
有一台雷达追踪飞机
that had one radar that tracked airplanes
另一台雷达追踪水面
and another radar that tracked surface.
操作人员会将范围读出
The men would read off of these scopes
并将全部信息都写在黑板上
and write on this blackboard all the information.
上面显示了来袭的日军
It told of incoming Japanese raids.
我们将信息传达给枪炮官
And we gave information to the gunnery officer.
飞行员登机
Pilots, man your planes. Pilots, man your planes.
我到达了射击指挥仪