彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

WWⅡ in Color: Road to Victory S01E02

Part 6 Dec. 30, 2021, 7:39 p.m.

完全不留情
Absolutely smother it.
到了战争的这个阶段
By this stage of the war,
U型潜艇船员的死亡率在德军中独占鳌头
U-boat crews have the highest death rate of all the German forces.
过去被赞美的王牌们早已不复存在
The celebrated aces of the past have long gone,
他们的专长也随之失传
and their expertise has been lost with them.
尽管越来越年轻的船员缺乏经验
Despite the inexperience of the ever-younger crews,
1943年5月5日
on 5th May, 1943,
邓尼茨还是派出了三十艘U型潜艇去猎杀一个庞大的船队
Dönitz sends 30 U-boats after a large convoy.
他们无法与盟军的防卫力量匹敌
They're no match for the Allies' defense,
有七艘潜艇未能归来
and seven submarines never return.
这是邓尼茨遭遇过的最大的单日损失
It's the biggest one-day loss for Dönitz.
而在接下来所谓的黑色五月中情况只会变得更糟糕
And things only get worse during what becomes known as Black May.
1943年5月是个决定性的月份因为有四十多艘U型潜艇被击沉
May 1943 is the decisive month, because over 40 U-boats are sunk.
这是完全无法维持的
And that is totally unsustainable.
邓尼茨意识到他的船员越来越缺乏经验
What Dönitz realizes is that his crews are becoming ever more inexperienced,
他们只是待宰的羔羊
and that, you know, they are just being lambs to the slaughter.
这也是他个人的一个转折点
And it was also a turning point for him personally,
因为他的儿子彼得
because his son Peter was killed on one of these U-boats
也在被英国海军击沉的一艘潜艇上身亡
that was sunk by the British Navy.
在1943年5月之后
After May 1943,
邓尼茨终于承认船队的防御无法突破
Dönitz finally accepts the convoys are too well defended,
将他的潜艇从北大西洋撤出
and pulls his submarines out of the North Atlantic.
他对希♥特♥勒♥说
He went to Hitler and said,
“我的元首我们的潜艇无法击沉足够的船只我们的损失太大了”
"Mein Führer, our U-boats don't sink enough, our losses are too high."
“我们必须从北大西洋撤出”
"We have to withdraw from the northern Atlantic."
尽管如此邓尼茨依然向希♥特♥勒♥保证还有一线希望
Despite this, Dönitz reassures Hitler all is not lost
并对速度更快的新U型潜艇充满热情
and enthuses about a new faster type of U-boat
这种潜艇配备有换气装置可以不用浮出水面
that can remain underwater with a snorkel.
邓尼茨告诉希♥特♥勒♥ “听我说
Dönitz told Hitler, "Look,
U型潜艇依然是赢得这场战争的正确方式”
the U-boats are still the way in which to win this war."
现在有了新技术
There are new technologies coming,
有了更强大航程更远的U型潜艇
more powerful longer-range U-boats.
但他的核心意思是 “我能做到”
But his core was, "I can do this."
邓尼茨和希♥特♥勒♥都不相信这将是U型潜艇战的最终结局
Neither Dönitz nor Hitler believed that would be the final end of the U-boat war,
他们都希望他们能够在某种程度上重获主动权
and they hoped that they could, at some point, regain the initiative.
所以他们在那时都没有意识到那实际已经是最终的失败了
So they didn't realize at that moment that it was the final defeat, actually.
邓尼茨继续派遣船员前往大西洋
Dönitz continues to send crew s into the Atlantic,
他告诉他的部下他们的存在本身就已经是胜利了
telling his men their presence is a success in itself
击沉商船只是额外的奖励
and sinking merchant ships a bonus.
在战争的尾声阶段大部分配备缺乏经验船员的U型潜艇
At the end of the war, most of the U-boats, then with inexperienced crews,
在第一次执行任务时就会被击沉
were sunk on their first missions.
真是浪费生命
What a waste of life.
大西洋海战中的巨大悲剧是
The great tragedy, the Battle of the Atlantic,
哪怕是在1943年5月之后双方都已经意识到
is even after May of 1943, when it's recognized by both sides
U型潜艇无法切断英国的生命线
that the U-boat cannot cut the lifeline to Britain,
但战争依然在继续因为没人能找到替代方法
it goes on anyway, because nobody can see an alternative.
现在盟军掌控了大西洋
Now the Allies have control of the Atlantic.
他们终于获得了在法国海岸
They finally have the ocean launchpad they need
进行两栖登陆所需的海洋出发平台
for an amphibious invasion of the French coast.
美国和英国之间的生命线被保住了
The lifeline between the United States and Britain was secure,
这就意味着盟军有可能
and that meant it was possible for the Allies
在D日安全登上欧洲大地
safely to land on the soil of Europe, D-Day.
当他们的部队于1944年6月6日在诺曼底登陆时
When their troops disembark at Normandy on the 6th of June, 1944,
出乎了德军的意料
they catch the Germans by surprise,
所有的U型潜艇都还在港口里
and all of the U-boats are still in harbor.
邓尼茨下令说你们必须出击
Dönitz gave an order that you have to attack.
哪怕失去了你的船也是值得的
It's worth the price, even if your boat is lost.
进攻哪怕你只击沉了一艘战舰
Attack, even if you just sink one war vessel,
也能帮助我们赢得战争
it helps us to win this war.
三十五艘U型潜艇被派去抵挡D日攻势
Thirty-five U-boats are sent out to counter the D-Day offensive,
但仅有五艘返回
but only five return.
他们对D日毫无影响
They had no impact whatsoever on D-Day,
但如果没有赢得大西洋海战
which, however, could not have taken place
D日也是不可能发生的
until the Battle of Atlantic had been won.
邓尼茨在面对失败时的思想信念
Dönitz's ideological commitment in the face of defeat
或许就是希♥特♥勒♥在第二年自杀时
may be why Hitler chooses him to be his successor
选择他做继任者的原因
when the dictator commits suicide the following year.
希♥特♥勒♥千年帝国的疯狂愿景崩塌了
Hitler's demented vision of a Thousand-Year Reich has collapsed,
他知道在身边还有一位绝对忠诚
and he has one person who he knows to be unequivocally loyal
和热情的纳粹分子邓尼茨上将
and passionate as a Nazi beside him still, Admiral Dönitz.
他是希♥特♥勒♥最后可以依赖的人
He was the last he could... could rely on.
所以他希望邓尼茨能继续战斗
And so he hoped Dönitz would fight on
一直到痛苦的终点
till the bitter end.
但即便是邓尼茨也能看到厄兆已经显露
But even Dönitz can see the writing is on the wall.
在柏林陷落之后他下令部下投降
And as Berlin falls, he asks his men to surrender.
他清楚地看到战争已经失败
He clearly sees the war is lost.
德国已被彻底打败
Germany is beaten down to its knees,
唯一的选择就是尽快结束战争
and, uh, the only option is to end the war as soon as possible,
结束德国人♥民♥
to end all the suffering
以及其他国家的苦难
for the German people, but also for the other nations.
如果希♥特♥勒♥在开战时就给了邓尼茨三百艘U型潜艇
If Hitler had given Dönitz 300 U-boats at the start of the war,
那大西洋海战的结局可能就会非常不同
the outcome in the Atlantic may have been very different.
在英美两国的需求中
So much of what Britain needs and what United States needs
有太多都需要跨过大西洋运输
is coming across the Atlantic,
资源人力
resources, men,
机械坦克
machinery, tanks,
飞机弹♥药♥ 燃料
aircraft, ammunition, fuel.
也就不会有D日不会有北非战场
You'd have no D-Day, no North Africa,
也就不会有西西里和意大利登陆
you'd have no Sicily and Italy.
这就让大西洋海战成为二战中
That makes the Battle of the Atlantic the single most important… battle
最为重要的一场战役
in the entire Second World War.
盟军在大西洋的胜利
The Allied victory in the Atlantic
是D日登陆的先决条件
was a prerequisite for D-Day,
没有这次胜利纳粹或许永远不会被击败
and defeating the Nazis may never have happened without it.
这对于西方盟国确保西欧的
It was fundamentally important to the ability of the Western Allies
和平自♥由♥和民♥主♥的能力来说
to secure peace, freedom, democracy
是至关重要的
for Western Europe.
没有大西洋海战的胜利
Without victory in the Battle of the Atlantic,
这些都不可能实现
that would not have been possible.