彩色二战简史：胜利之路（2021）

士兵们 水手们
Soldiers and sailors,
无论是谁进行抵抗都必须被摧毁
all resistance by whomever offered must be destroyed.
1942年11月
November 1942,
二战爆发的第三年
three years into the Second World War.
美军初出茅庐的部队
America's rookie troops prepare to make landfall
准备在法国控制的北非海岸登陆
on the shores of French-controlled North Africa.
他们已准备好首次迎战德军
Ready to fight the Germans for the first time.
但当他们离开海滩时
But as they move off the beaches,
立刻遭到了重火力的打击
they come under immediate and heavy fire.
开火的人不是纳粹
Not from the Nazis,
而是美国最老的盟友
but from America's oldest ally,
法国人
the French.
所以他们第一次战斗的对手不是敌人
So their first experience is fighting not against an enemy,
不是轴心国部队 而是一个老盟友
not against Axis forces, but against an old ally.
他们被对手摧枯拉朽
And they were shot to pieces.
这种事永远都会令人震惊
This is something that will always be shocking.
本该携手合作的法国与美国部队
French and American troops who should have been working together,
却在海滩上自相残杀
killing one another on the beaches.
在此之前 北非一直都是
Up till this time, North Africa has been
欧洲列强之间残忍♥角逐的区域
a brutal slogging match between the European powers.
但这里最终将成为一个关键战场
But this ultimately will be a crucial theater,
并吸引了美国人进入其中
and into it are drawn the Americans.
在这片鲜为人知的沙漠战场上
In this little-known desert battlefield…
美国将在这一片
the United States will taste combat
将会改变二战进程的离奇环境中
in extraordinary circumstances…
尝到战斗的滋味
that will change the course of the Second World War.
彩色二战：胜利之路
第 3 集 入侵北非
北非战役始于欧洲战场
The battle for North Africa begins on the battlefields of Europe.
1940年5月 纳粹德国横扫法国北部
In May 1940, Nazi Germany sweeps through northern France
并且到达了巴黎
and reaches Paris,
羞辱了欧洲两大列强和盟友
humbling two great European powers and allies,
英国和法国
Britain and France.
法国投降 纳粹在小镇维希扶植了一个傀儡政♥府♥
The French surrender, and the Nazis install a puppet government -in the town of Vichy.
英军溃不成军
And the British army is routed
从敦刻尔克的海滩上被驱离欧洲大♥陆♥
and chased off the beaches of Dunkirk.
在1940年夏天 英国遭遇到了广泛的震惊
So in the summer of 1940, there's widespread shock in Britain.
万字旗就飘扬在海峡对面 这似乎完全不可思议
Suddenly, you've got swastikas fluttering the other side of the channel. It just seems so unthinkable.
英国在1940年独力对抗着德国
Britain in 1940 is alone to take on the Germans.
但英国的新首相温斯顿·丘吉尔
But Britain's new prime minister, Winston Churchill,
决心要继续战斗
is determined to fight on.
现在我们已经开战
Now we are at war,
温斯顿·丘吉尔
我们要继续打下去
and we are going to make war
坚持不懈打下去
and persevere in making war
直到对方无法承受
until the other side have had enough of it.
丘吉尔立刻就发现了有一样东西 对英国的希望来说至关重要
Right away, Churchill identifies something crucial to Britain's hopes.
这个国家依赖于 东方广阔殖民地的供给
The country relies on her vast empire in the east for supplies,
其中最重要的就是石油
and, most critically, oil.
几乎所有石油都通过
And almost all of it comes through the Suez Canal
位于北非殖民地埃及的 苏伊士运河运输
in her North African colony, Egypt.
失去苏伊士
Lose the Suez,
就会输掉战争
lose the war.
英国当然很明白石油的重要性
The British, of course, were well aware of the significance of the oil.
也很明白苏伊士运河作为连接欧洲
They were well aware of the significance of the Suez Canal
或地中海与英属印度通道的重要性
as a... as a link between Europe, or the Mediterranean, and the Indian Empire,
他们决心要不惜一切保住运河
and they were determined to hold on to it at all costs.
苏伊士运河是绝对关键的补给线
Suez Canal is an absolutely vital supply line.
英国人在1830年代就来到了埃及
And the British have been in Egypt since the 1830s.
他们不会轻易放手
They're not going to let it go easily.
但英国的主要盟友法国 落入了德国手中
But with Britain's main ally, France, now in German hands,
苏伊士突然就变得比任何时候都脆弱
the Suez suddenly looks more vulnerable than ever.
在北非海岸线上
Along the North African coast,
有一支法国舰队停泊在
a French fleet is moored at Mers-el-Kebir
法国殖民地阿尔及利亚的 米尔斯克比尔港
in the French colony, Algeria.
丘吉尔非常关注这些舰只
Churchill has become incredibly concerned about these ships.
他相信德国人接手这些舰只 只是迟早的事情
He believes that Germany will take them. It's only a matter of time.
法国海军在欧洲排名第二
The French Navy was the second most powerful in Europe.
如果落入德国人的手中
If it fell into Germany's hands,
就等于让德国人控制地中海
it would allow the Germans to control the Mediterranean,
也就会切断英国通往苏伊士
which would then shut off Britain's access to the Suez
及其殖民地的通道
and to its empire.
对于正在试图对抗德国的英国来说
So for Britain, who is trying to hold out against Germany
这些补给线需要保持通畅
and needs those supply lines to stay open,
让德国人接管法国海军 将会带来严重的问题
having Germany grab the French Navy was a serious problem.
丘吉尔命令皇家海军进入地中海
Churchill orders the Royal Navy into the Mediterranean Sea
并指示他们护送法国舰队离开北非
and instructs them to escort the French fleet away from North Africa.
但事态迅速升级了
But the situation rapidly escalates.
英军上将派出一名军官与法军谈判
The British admiral sends one of his officers across to talk to the French,
他向法军发出了最后通牒
and he gives them an ultimatum.
他说 “你可以凿沉你们的舰只
He said, "You can scuttle your ship
让德国人拿不到手
so that the Germans don't get a hold of them,
你也可以把舰只交给我们英国”
or you can hand them over to us, the British."
而法军上将非常强硬
And the French admiral is pretty uncompromising himself.
他说 “这没什么好谈的”
He's like, "We're not talking about this."
谈判的时候 天气异常炎热
So the negotiations unfold through this incredibly hot day,
气温在升高 而紧张程度
which tempers are rising, and the tension is rising,
也一直都在升高
of course, all the time.
最后通牒给出的时间是五点半
The time is given, 30.
“如果五点半还没有回音 我们就会开火”
"If we haven't got an answer by 30, we're gonna open fire."
法国人可能在想 “他们不会开火的
The French are probably thinking, you know, "They're not gonna open fire."
我们会戳穿他们在虚张声势”
"We're gonna call their bluff."
英军战列舰上的15英寸炮开火了
And the British, 15-inch guns on their battleships, open fire.
这完全是大屠♥杀♥
And it's utter carnage.
一艘法国的战列巡洋舰爆♥炸♥了
One of the French battle cruisers blows up.
另外两艘遭受重创沉没了
Uh, two of them are so badly hit that they sink.
更糟糕的是 还有1300名法军水手遇难
And, worse than that, killed 1,300 French sailors,
在法国看来 这是背叛 他们永远都不会忘记
and it's a betrayal, as the French see it, that they will never forget.
从米尔斯克比尔港海战就能看出
What Mers-el-Kebir demonstrates is just how desperate the British are
英国在战争的这个阶段有多绝望
at this point in the war
他们甚至愿意对
that they're willing to turn against, uh, allies
一周前还在并肩作战的盟友下手
who had been fighting on their side just a week before, if you will.
但阿尔及利亚的悲剧还未硝烟散尽
But with the embers still glowing on the tragedy in Algeria,
丘吉尔就不得不面对 另一项针对埃及和苏伊士的威胁
Churchill has to face up to another threat to Egypt and the Suez.
希♥特♥勒♥的主要盟友意大利
Hitler's main ally, Italy,
有数十万部队就部署在 相邻的意大利殖民地利比亚
has hundreds of thousands of troops right next door in their colony, Libya…
利比亚
而在九月 他们发起入侵 向苏伊士推进
and that September, they invade and push for the Suez.
可以理解的是 意大利人做了算计
The Italians, quite understandably,
英国正规军的大部分武器
made the calculation that, having lost most of the arms of its regular armies,
和大部分装备都被丢在了敦刻尔克
certainly most of its equipment of the regular army, at Dunkirk,
因此英军将无法妥善地维护
the British army at that time is not in a position
大英帝国在北非的利益
to properly defend its imperial interest, North Africa.
丘吉尔开始拼凑人手准备反击
Churchill scrambles for manpower to help him fight back.
他首先寄望于美国参战
His first hope was that the United States would join the war.
但美国总统 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福
But the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt,
很快就让他意识到 他需要另谋蹊径
soon makes him realize he needs to look elsewhere.
丘吉尔试图让罗斯福总统帮助他
Churchill has been trying to get President Roosevelt to help him,
而罗斯福则一次又一次重复
and Roosevelt has time and time again said,
“我们不会再次参与欧洲的帝国战争”
"Uh, we're... we're not gonna go into another foreign European imperial war."
美国公众一直都支持这项决定
And the American public have been very much behind that decision.
丘吉尔意识到美国的民♥意♥
Churchill realizes that public opinion in the United States
是反对参战的
is against entering the war.
有一个有趣的谬见是说 英国在独力支撑
But one of the interesting myths is Britain standing alone.
但英国并不孤单
Britain is not alone.
大英帝国是世界上最大的帝国
The British Empire is the largest empire in the world.
有超过3亿人口
Over 300 million people,
被英国无情利用来谋取利益
which it utilizes ruthlessly for its own advantage.
被美国拒绝之后
Rebuffed by America,
丘吉尔要求殖民地和自治领
Churchill asks the empire and dominions
派遣志愿者前往埃及作战
to send volunteers to fight in Egypt.
澳大利亚人 新西兰人 南非人和印度人
Australians, New Zealanders, South Africans, and Indians