与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E05

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:35 p.m.

潜意识经历之间的认识
between conscious awareness and subconscious experience.
每月一次有一群哲学家精英
Once a month, an elite group of philosophers
相会于格林威治村的小酒馆里
meets at a small tavern in Greenwich Village.
问候纽约
Greetings, New York.
他们自称是
They call themselves
纽约意识共同体
the New York Consciousness Collective.
我的动作跟你一样
I act like you act
我做的事跟你一样
I do what you do
这个摇滚演唱会的掌舵人是大卫·查默斯
At the helm of this jam session is David Chalmers.
他可能永远都进不了麦迪逊广场花♥园♥
He may never fill Madison Square Garden,
不过他的研究赢得了学术界里越来越多的粉丝
but his research is earning him a growing fan base in academia.
他努力去理解
He's trying to understand
意识的属性和极限
the nature and limits of consciousness.
意识为何物
What consciousness is
我没有头绪
I ain't got a clue
意识堪称是世上最大的谜团
Consciousness is pretty well the biggest mystery in the world,
究其原因就在于它是个难题
and for these reasons, because it's such a hard problem,
科学家往往将其置于一旁
scientists tended just to set it aside.
科学是客观
Science is objective.
意识是主观
Consciousness is subjective.
它就在最近几十年真的
It's just in the last couple of decades, really,
科学家回过头来
that scientists have started coming back
意识到它本身有权利作为一个问题
to consciousness as a problem in its own right.
大卫认为认识意识之道
David believes the way to understand consciousness
就是从层面上进行思考
is to think of it in layers --
那些我们感官所搜集的数据所构成的层面
layers constructed from the data our senses are gathering.
所以说意识具有各种不同的层次
So, consciousness has all these different levels.
首先有主要的意识
First of all, there's primary consciousness.
这就是你周围事物的意识
This is consciousness of the things around you.
放眼出去我可能看到有人看到他们周围的事物
I look out, I might see someone and see what's around them.
那是我第一层次的意识
That's my first level of consciousness.
但一旦我停下折射
But then if I stop and reflect,
我可以自觉我的意识
I could be conscious of my consciousness.
我可以意识到自己在想什么
I can become conscious of what I'm thinking about.
于是我们就感悟到了意识的内部
Then we've got consciousness within consciousness.
如果我再次折射
If I reflect again,
我就能够开始意识到事实上
I can start to be conscious of the fact
我意识到了我的意识
that I'm conscious of my consciousness.
于是你就有了意识里套意识
Then you get consciousness that contains consciousness
再套意识
that contains consciousness.
进入了三个层次的深度
Go three levels deep.
原则上你可以将此重复至无穷
In principle, you could repeat this to infinity.
由于我们的大脑要应对如此多的层次
Since our brain is dealing with so many layers,
按理说我们可能永远都掌握不了
it stands to reason that we might not always be aware
我们所感受的一切
of everything we're sensing.
有些东西就是躲在
Some things are in the background
你的意识里
of your consciousness,
深藏不露
way out in the distance.
有些东西在你的意识里忽隐忽现
Some things are flickering through your consciousness
抓住你的注意片刻然后就过了
that grab your attention for a moment, then they move on.
有些东西成了你意识的重点
Some things are in the focus of your consciousness.
它们抓住了你的关注
They grab your attention.
它们并不松手
They don't let go.
但我们如何发现我们错过了什么？
But how do we discover what we are missing?
为什么只有特定的神经活动
Why does only certain neural activity
能设法争取进入我们的意识呢？
manage to fight its way into our awareness?
我们意识到某些事物时
What's actually happening in our brains
大脑里所发生的情况
when we are conscious of something
仍然整个是个谜团
is still a complete mystery.
关于意识的一个基本问题
One of the basic questions about consciousness
就是你能否从物理过程来解释它
is whether you can explain it in terms of physical processes
因为我们已经习惯了科学上的概念
'cause we've got used to the idea in science
那是你从一些基础的物理学开始的
that you start with a few basics in physics,
比如空间时间和物质
like space and time and matter.
把它们放在一起你就可以解释一切了
Put them together, you can explain everything else.
你可以解释化学
You can explain chemistry.
你可以解释生物学
You can explain biology.
现在我觉得就意识而言
Now, I think in the case of consciousness,
这一大串解释将完蛋了
this great chain of explanation breaks down.
我的看法是我们在意识的属性上
My view is, we've got a new fundamental building block
有了新的基本模块
in nature of consciousness,
我们需要了解掌控它的基本规律
and we need to understand the fundamental laws that govern it.
这位科学家认为他发现了
This scientist thinks he's discovered
意识惊人的新模样
a new and surprising aspect of consciousness.
他认为它不只是存在于我们的头脑里
He believes it does not simply exist within our minds
而且还向外延伸
but extends outward, as well.
他声称他有证据来证明它
And he claims he has the evidence to prove it.
思想是什么？
What is a thought?
神经学家会说
Neuroscientists would say
它只是我们大脑里电活动的
it's just a pattern of electrical activity
一种形式
inside our brains.
但若是我发怒或微笑我的思想就能够穿过房♥间
But if I scowl or smile, my thoughts can cross a room.
事实上它们在这当口就让你触手可及
In fact, they're reaching out to touch you right now.
有些科学家认为这就是第六感在起作用
Some scientists believe this is how the sixth sense works --
人的思想融入了
that human thoughts merge into a collective consciousness
遍及全球的集体意识
that spans the globe.
罗杰·尼尔森花了30年时光
Roger Nelson has spent the past 30 years
来寻找全球意识的证据
looking for evidence of a global mind.
意识就存在于现实世界里
Consciousness lives in the real world.
接触微不足道
The touch is very light.
但其真正接触的程度
But to the degree that it's a real touch,
却是极其重要的
it's extremely important.
大多数人并不相信这是有可能的
Most people don't believe this is possible.
研究表明这是有可能的
The research shows that it is possible.
在上世纪80年代中期罗杰着手调查
In the mid-1980s, Roger began investigating
一个奇怪的现象
a strange phenomenon
已经有几位研究者报告了
that had been reported by several other researchers.
他们注意到那种叫做随机数字发生器的
They had noticed that the readouts of electronic devices
电子设备的读数
called random-number generators
可以会受到坐在其旁边的人的影响
could be affected by people sitting next to them
若是那人全神贯注于它们的话
if those people focused their thoughts on them.
在多年的长♥期♥实验过程中
In the course of a long series of experiments over years,
我们发现人们可以改变
we found that people could change the behavior
这些随机数字发生器的举动
of these random-number generators
非常轻微却非常显著
very slightly but significantly.
随机数字发生器就是电子抛硬币
Random-number generators are electronic coin tosses.
取代正反面
Instead of heads or tails,
它们掷出的数目或零
they throw ones or zeros.
其结果全凭随机
Their results are supposed to be totally random.
罗杰认为如果有人呆在其旁边
Roger reasoned that if one person sitting close by
可以改变其读数的话
could alter their readouts,
那么没准全体老百姓的想法
then perhaps the mass thoughts of entire cities
可以达到同样的效果
could do the same.
世界各地的随机数字发生器能够
Could random-number generators placed around the world
用来跟踪芸芸众生的头脑么？
be used to track the minds of millions of individuals?
我们所做的就是开展一个科学实验
What we have done is set up a scientific experiment
其具有极其简单的假设
with a fairly simple hypothesis.
想法是
The idea is,
当有大量的人共享一个意识形态
when large numbers of people share a consciousness state,
尤其是情感
especially emotional,
那么我们的网络将显示出偏离随机性
then our network will show deviations from randomness.
到了上世纪末
By the late 1990s,
罗杰说服了世界上几位同僚
Roger had persuaded several colleagues across the globe
收集他们实验室里的随机数字数据
to collect random-number data in their labs.
全球意识项目应运而生了
The global consciousness project was born.
这是地图
This is a map
表明全球意识项目
that shows where the global consciousness project
已遍布世界各地
has installations all around the world.
有夏威夷澳大利亚新西兰
That's Hawaii there, Australia, New Zealand,
它们很多在欧洲
lots of them in Europe.