与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E03

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

那是美国官方计时器
America's official timekeepers.
它是世界上最精确的时钟
It's the world's most accurate clock,
测量超冷原子的震荡
measuring the oscillations of supercooled atoms.
其保持时间
It keeps time
误差在37亿年1秒之内
to within one second every 3.7 billion years.
2010年博尔德的时间领主
In 2010, Boulder's time lords
将两台离子钟并排放在一起精准同步
took two ion clocks side by side in perfect synchronization,
然后将其中一台钟抬高12英寸
then moved one of the clocks up 12 inches.
抬高的钟失去了同步
The higher clock went out of sync.
其节拍比较低的钟稍稍快了一点点
It beat just a tiny bit faster than the lower clock,
因为较高的钟只是稍稍远离了
because the higher clock is just a tiny bit farther away
地球引力的牵引
from the gravitational pull of the Earth,
这减缓了物体的下降
which slows things down.
爱因斯坦早在20世纪初
Einstein predicted this would happen
就预言过这种情况
back at the dawn of the 20th century,
他只是开了个头
and he was just getting started.
如果我们感觉的宇宙如爱因斯坦所描绘的那样
If we perceived the Universe as Einstein pictured it,
生活就必定不会是平滑线性的进程
life would not have to flow in a smooth, linear progression.
一个简单的行为可以切开重新排列
A simple act could be cut up and rearranged
并无前后的逻辑方向
with no logical direction backward or forward,
并无始末
no beginning or end.
这就会是宇宙的模样
This is how the Universe would look
若是我们完全失去时间的话
if we were physically unstuck in time.
肖恩·卡罗尔是一位物理学家
Sean Carroll is a physicist
任职于加州理工学院
at the California Institute of Technology.
我们生活在空间里
We live in space.
我们的周围是一个三维的空间
All around us, there are three dimensions of space.
爱因斯坦意识到时间也是个维度
What Einstein realized is that time is also a dimension.
事实上时间与空间是一回事称为时空
In fact, time and space are one thing called space-time,
那是四维的
which is four-dimensional.
那就是我们所在之处
That's what we live in.
那就是我们在其中活动生活的地方
That's what we move in and live our lives through.
爱因斯坦进一步认识到
Einstein furthermore realized
引力是时空弯曲的一个表现
that gravity is a manifestation of the curvature of space-time.
你看宇宙间的东西
You have stuff in the Universe --
行星黑洞
you know, a planet or a black hole
或某种物质能量
or some kind of mass or energy --
弯曲了其周围的时空
it warps the space and time around it,
那就是我们所见到的引力
and that's what we see as gravity.
那实际上是弯曲了的时空
And it really is the space-time that gets warped.
有时间还有空间
It's time as well as space.
因此你若是走近一个强引力场
So, if you travel close to a strong gravitational field,
你就会感到时间的流逝不同于在外太空里
you feel the flow of time differently than in outer space.
时间的相对性带来了好多奇怪的现象
The relativity of time causes a lot of strange effects,
诸如对宇航员来说更快
such as time running faster for astronauts
超过地球上的人
than people on Earth.
然而爱因斯坦的时间之谜解决方案
But Einstein's solution to the mystery of time
开辟了一个更具挑战的概念
opens up an even more challenging notion.
如果我们环顾四周
If we look around,
我们会看到整个空间的存在就在此时此地
we see that all of space exists right here, right now.
那么是不是随之整个时间
So, doesn't it follow that all of time --
过去，现在，将来——同样也已经存在了呢？
past, present, and future -- already exists, as well?
难道说未来已经在这里了？
Could it be that the future is already here?
物理学称所有的时间段
Physics says that all the moments of time
同样是真实的
are equally real,
那就诱使我们宣称
and that tempts us into saying
它们同时存在着
that they all exist simultaneously,
它们现在都存在但事实并非如此
they all exist now, but that's not what it's like.
不同的时间段
Different moments of time
其实就像空间中不同地方
are really like different places in space.
它们不在这里
They're not here.
它们存在但它们是在别处
They exist, but they're somewhere else.
不同之处在于它不同于空间
The difference is that, unlike space,
我们经历时间只能
we can't help but experience time
一段接着一段
one moment after the other.
我们不能回到过去的时间段
We can't go back to moments in the past,
我们不能在眼下和未来的时间段对话
and we can't, right now, talk to moments in the future.
此种时间错位
This sort of temporal dislocation
似乎有悖于物理定律和人类的经验
seems to contradict the laws of physics and human experience.
会是这样么？
Or does it?
或许不是
Maybe not.
此人会说
This man would argue
世界充满了迷失时间的人
that the world is filled with people who are unstuck in time
时间本身或许全在我们的头脑里
and that time itself may be all in our heads.
时间真是隐藏在宇宙间的恒定节拍么？
Is time the steady beat behind the Universe?
还是时间的改变
Or is time something that changes
就是因地而异因人而异呢？
from place to place and person to person?
我们年纪越大
The older we get,
貌似伴我们前行的时光就越是匆匆
the faster the currents of time seem to carry us along.
我们与时间的关系随着年龄而变化
Our relationship to time changes as we age.
研究表明时光的推移
Studies show that the passage of time
貌似随你的年纪的平方根而加快
seems to increase by the square root of your age.
所以如在10岁时它就是1:1
So, if at 10 years old, it's 1:1,
当你到20岁时它就是1:1.4
when you're 20, it's 1:1.4.
而到你60岁时它就是1:2.44了
And by the time you're 60, it's 1:2.44,
快近2.5倍
about 2.5 times faster.
我们经历时间全都是1秒就是1秒
We all experience time at one second per second,
然而并非感觉都是那样的
but it doesn't feel that way.
贝勒医学院的大卫·依格曼
David Eagleman of the Baylor College of Medicine
将其大半职业生涯打发在
has spent much of his career
思索人类是如何感知时间的
puzzling out how humans perceive time.
他发现我们感知时间
He's found that our perception of time
是受到生理和心理状态所支配的
is governed by biological and psychological states.
许多人在他们的闹钟尚未响起就醒来了
Many people will wake up just before their alarm clock,
因为他们体内的昼夜节律
because as their body's circadian rhythm
一直在运转
is moving along,
他们体内的信♥号♥♥告诉他们
the signals in their body tell them...
到起床的时候了于是他们一跃而起
...This is the time to wake up, and then they pop awake.
我们得时间感也能被某些情况所改变
Our time sense can also be altered
如感觉到丧失
by things such as sensory deprivation,
过度兴奋
overstimulation,
改变意识状态
and altered states of consciousness.
因此比如人们吸食大♥麻♥时
So, for example, when people smoke marijuana,
他们有时会觉得，“哇，我一直就站在这里没动过
they sometimes feel like, "Wow, I've been standing here forever.
我在这里有多久了？”
How long have I been here?"
仿佛他们的时间流逝得很慢
And it's as though their passage of time is going slowly,
然而缓慢的时间感觉并不准确
but it's not exactly about slow time perception.
我相信他们抵达那里时
I believe it's about their inability to nail down a memory,
无力钉下一个记忆一个记号♥
a landmark of when they arrived there.
没有了那个记号♥
And without that landmark,
其感觉就像他们在那里好长时间了
it feels like they've been there for a very long time.
如果你曾遭遇过意外
If you've ever been in an accident,
你就有可能经历奇怪的感觉
you might have experienced the strange feeling
整个事件宛如慢动作播放
that the whole event was playing in slow motion.
然而不同于麻醉迷糊
But unlike a narcotic haze,
你还事无巨细记得一切
you recall everything in vivid detail.
这是又一个记忆扭曲时间的例子
This is another case of memory warping time.
在一个真正的高♥强♥度事件期间发生的是
What happens during a really high-intensity event is
你的大脑里有一个紧急控制中心
you have an emergency control center in your brain
挂在了档上
that kicks into gear
储藏了该事件过程非常密集的回忆
and lays down very dense memories during that event.
所以它好像是必定有很长一段时间
So, it seems like it must have taken a long time.
在任何特定的时刻
At any given moment,
大脑都处理和同步
the brain processes and synchronizes
大量的信息
an enormous amount of information.
简单动作实际上是小小的奇迹
Simple acts are actually small miracles
是思想的速度和力量
of the mind's speed and power.
你打响指时貌似同时发生的
When you snap your fingers, it looks like it's simultaneous.
貌似看到听到的
It looks like the sight and the sound
发生在同一时间
are happening at the same time.