与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E02

Part 5 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

但是当你有很多星系簇的时候，你能压制噪声
But if you have many clusters, you can beat down the noise,
但这非常困难
but it's exceedingly difficult.
莎莎用他的方法
Sasha methodically worked his way
从一个轨道上的X光望远镜
through a catalog of galaxy clusters
系统地编录星系簇
from an orbiting X-ray telescope,
再使用地面望远镜，精确的检查它们的位置
checked their precise position using ground telescopes,
然后把它们仔细的和
and then carefully lined them up
宇宙微波背景辐射排列起来
with the cosmic microwave background.
噢，我们震惊了
Oh, we were quite shocked
当我们第一次看到结果的时候
when we saw these results at first.
实际上，太多我们不知道从何着手的东西了
In fact, so much that we didn't know what to do with it.
我们检查再检查
We kept checking and checking.
埋头于数据超过一年
We sat on the data for a year-plus,
就是为了验证所有东西
just checking everything,
因为它看起来太不真实了
because it just didn't make sense to us.
莎莎的数据令人难以置信
What Sasha's data showed was almost unbelievable.
所有星系簇
All the galaxy clusters,
无论它们在那里
no matter where they were in the sky,
都流向宇宙的一边
were all veering off to one side of the Universe.
就行被拉着走一样
It was as if they were being pulled
被神秘的力量拉着，超出我们能看见的界限
towards a mysterious attractor beyond the visible edge.
他把这现象称为暗流
He called it "dark flow."
我们叫它为暗流，只是因为
We called it "dark flow" because
宇宙中关于物质分布的观察
the observed distribution of matter in the Universe
并不能解释这种运动
cannot account for this motion.
但如果有莎莎看不到的东西
But if nothing Sasha could see
拉着星系到一边
was pulling the galaxies to one side,
那是一种什么力量呢
what could be responsible for the effect?
答案可能是宇宙的边界
The answer could be the edge of the Universe.
如果你生活在一个小地方
If you live in this part of the world,
那么，起初你会认为整个世界
then, at first, you would imagine that the entire world
是平整的，就像你在本地看到的
is as flat as what you see locally.
但如果你看得足够远
But if you were to look sufficiently far away,
你会发现这世界
you may discover that the world
会变得非常不同
is very different from what you see locally.
爱因斯坦以前的宇宙学家
Cosmologists, ever since Einstein,
把宇宙想像成一个平整的高尔夫球场
have thought of the Universe being like a flat putting green
永远延伸
that extends on forever.
但暗流或许暗示着我们的宇宙
But dark flow could be hinting that our Universe
是一个有限度的空间
is a finite space...
被陌生地带包围着
Surrounded by stranger terrain.
看看，这是发生在平面的大爆♥炸♥
So, this was Big Bang on a flat surface.
我们到世界的另一边去
So, now let's go to a different part of the world.
这些球散开来了
The balls did, indeed, disperse,
但，另外，它们有了其他动量
but, in addition, they also have another velocity,
因为有斜坡
which is associated with the tilt of this surface.
它们都一致的和系统的运动起来
They move collectively and systematically
从高到低
from the higher ground to the lower ground.
莎莎发现星系一致和系统的运动
Sasha's discovery of a collective, systematic movement
到宇宙的另一边
of galaxies to one side of the cosmos
对宇宙学有很大的撼动
has shaken the field of cosmology.
一些科学家拒绝承认它
Some scientists refuse to believe it.
当对于这个女士，暗流是预想之中的
But for this woman, dark flow was entirely expected,
而且她对宇宙的想法
and her ideas about the Universe
比莎莎的更离奇
are even more mind-bending than Sasha's.
她相信她发现了证据
She believes she's found evidence
另一个宇宙正和我们的宇宙有接触
that another Universe is reaching out and touching ours.
科学家已经发现神秘的星系暗流
Scientists have discovered a mysterious dark flow of galaxies
全都向着宇宙的一个方向流动
all veering off to one side of our Universe.
或许是一个暗示，关于最远处
It could be a sign that way out beyond that furthest star
有一个潜伏的宇宙空间
lurks a portion of the cosmos
和我们认识的宇宙有着极大的不同
vastly different than the Universe we know.
但这儿有一个更令人震惊的可能性
But there's an even more shocking possibility.
暗流可能会成为
Dark flow could be evidence
另一个宇宙正接触我们的证据
of another Universe reaching out to us.
这就是理论物理学家
That's what theoretical physicist
劳拉·梅尔西尼·霍顿的想法
Laura Mersini-Houghton thinks.
这个理论的种子在很多年前就播下了
The seed of this idea was planted many years ago
她发现这个宇宙有问题
when she realized she had a problem with the Universe --
很大的问题
a pretty big problem.
基于她的计算
According to her calculations,
不会有高能大爆♥炸♥的机会
the Universe should not exist.
也不会有我们这个宇宙的存在
The chances to start the Universe
机会太小了
with the high-energy Big Bang
是1/10的机会，有10个零在后面
are one in 10 with another 10 zeros behind it
再后面还有123个零
and another 123 zeros behind it.
所以，几乎可以说，0几率
So, pretty much, zero.
所以，科学可以得出一个结论
So whenever in science we end up with an answer
这看起来不太可能
that "this seems very unlikely.
这个事件太不一般了
This event is not generic,"
这通常表示
then it usually indicates
和我们一些基本的认识有冲突
that we have blundered in something very basic.
但劳拉有个理论，让这种不太可能的大爆♥炸♥
But Laura had an idea of how to stop the Big Bang
成为必定的事情
from being such an unlikely event.
你可以称之为赌徒的直觉
You might call it a gambler's hunch.
如果你在玩角子老虎机
If you're playing a slot machine
中大奖的机会
where the odds of hitting the jackpot
是百万分之一
are 1 million to one,
就算你整天玩，也不会成为富翁
you could play all day and never strike it rich.
但如果地球的60亿人
But if all 6 billion people on Earth
每个人都在玩他们的角子老虎机
each played their own slot machine,
某个人，在某地点，会成为富翁
someone somewhere is going to get rich
就是每隔几秒钟的事情
about once every few seconds.
劳拉认识到，理论物理学的一个分支
Laura realized that one branch of theoretical physics
提供了一个途径，把大爆♥炸♥变成必然
offered a way to turn the Big Bang into a sure bet.
那就是弦理论
It was string theory.
这个关于现实的观点认为
This view of reality suggests
除了三维空间
that alongside the normal three dimensions of space,
还有另外7个隐藏的维度
there are another seven hidden dimensions
有着细小的卷曲，我们看不到
wrapped up so tightly, we cannot see them.
你去卷起
You start wrapping up
那些额外的7个维度
those extra dimensions, the extra seven dimensions.
有着许多途径
There are so many ways of doing that process.
总的来说，弦理论
String theorists ended up
说的是，不止一个3维世界
with not just one 3-dimensional world,
而是有许多许多可能的3维世界
but with many, many possible 3-dimensional worlds.
实际上，弦理论家认识到
In fact, string theorists realized
有10的500次方的途径
there were 10 to the power of 500 possible ways
去组合这些维度
to arrange these dimensions.
那是一后面有500个零的机会
That's a one with 500 zeros behind it,
一个比大爆♥炸♥发生的机会
a number countless times bigger
大无数倍的数字
than the odds against our Big Bang.
我们唯一能发出的疑问就是
The only way we can ask the question
是否最初的宇宙
about the origins of the Universe
有着多重的结构
is if we have a multiverse structure
从我们宇宙的诞生
from which our Universe is born,
可以看出
a landscape of many possible places in this multiverse
一个宇宙可以从多重宇宙生成的景象
where the Universe can start from.
如果这些包裹着的维度里的球
If each of these balls of wrapped-up dimensions
是一个宇宙可以诞生的，充满能量的地方
is an energy site where a Universe could start,
那大爆♥炸♥就有机会从他们当中诞生
then the odds of a Big Bang happening in one of them
这已经不是一个很小的概率了
is no longer an enormous long shot.
实际上，机会足够多了
In fact, the odds are good enough
劳拉更愿意去赌有着这种
that Laura's willing to bet this landscape
包含许多大爆♥炸♥和许多宇宙的情景
should contain many Big Bangs and many Universes.
你能想象这种多重的宇宙
You can think of this multiverse landscape
就像一个最大的酒店
as the biggest hotel you can imagine,
有着10的500次方个房♥间
a hotel with 10 to the power of 500 rooms,
每个都在等待客人入住
each one waiting for a guest to check in.
每个房♥间都代表
Every room would represent