与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E10

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:38 p.m.

此时，这些可能性得到确定
when those probabilities gel into one definite reality.
弗兰克相信这种量子不确定性
Frank believes this quantum fuzziness
不仅仅发生在微观领域
doesn't just happen in the microscopic domain.
它是万事万物的运行方式
It's the way everything works.
人们努力去想：“噢，不会是量子力学
People try to think, "Oh, it can't be
适用于宇宙吧。”
quantum mechanic supplies to the Universe."
毫无疑问
Nonsense.
看到薛定谔方程的人
Anyone who looks at the Schrodinger Equation
认定它适用于所有的事物
is forced to conclude that it applies to all of reality,
不仅包括原子，而且包括房♥屋、玻璃
not just to atoms, but to buildings, to glass,
以及整个宇宙
to the whole Universe.
如果弗兰克是正确的
If Frank is correct,
那么每天的事物都是不确定的
everyday objects are schizophrenic
在没人看它们时
when nobody looks at them.
它们不断在各种存在中切换
They constantly shift between one of many existences.
在这个金属罩的下面
Underneath this metal hood
是弗兰克点的食物
is every dish that Frank could order,
同时存在
existing simultaneously.
而且只有当餐具被移走时
And only when the hood is removed
弗兰克才看到事实
and Frank looks at it does one reality take hold.
啊，牛肉
Ah. Veal.
牡蛎
Oysters.
但为什么盘中的食物不是别的呢？
But why this dish and not the other?
大部分科学家认为弗兰克的观察
Most scientists believe Frank's observation
自然而然地随机地做了一个决定
forced nature to make a decision at random.
眨眼间
In the blink of an eye,
所有其他可能的食物不存在了
all other possible realities collapse.
但弗兰克没有证明这一主流思想是正确的
But Frank is not convinced the mainstream has it right.
他们认为当你使用一种测量方法时
They concluded that when you carry out a measurement,
在它之外有潜在的宇宙
there are possible universes out there
这个宇宙坍塌成真实的宇宙
which collapse into one real universe.
实际上，这是反复无常的
Actually, that is inconsistent
用量子力学观点
with the mathematics of quantum mechanics.
弗兰克认为每个潜在的结果
Frank believes that every possible outcome
实际上变成了现实
does in fact become reality,
在它们自己的平行宇宙中
each in its own parallel universe.
在这个宇宙中，弗兰克吃了牛肉
In this Universe, Frank eats veal.
但在另一个宇宙中，他吃了牛排
But in another universe, he ends up with steak.
在别的另一个宇宙中，他吃了有虾的什锦菜肴
In another, shrimp jambalaya.
实际上，我们一直认为
In fact, we have always known
现实中有不止一个宇宙
that reality was more than one universe,
但是物理学家不愿意相信他们自己的方程式
but physicists would not believe their own equations.
如果弗兰克对的
If Frank is right,
你拥有的空间充满了一个几乎无边的海洋
the space that you occupy is filled with a near infinite sea
和你自己完全相同的副本的海洋
of identical copies of yourself.
如果你身上发生了一件事
If something happens to you,
那么，你的其中一个隐藏的副本身上则发生了恰好相反的事
the exact opposite could happen to one of your hidden twins.
但是它们也许不会隐藏太长时间
But they may not stay hidden for long.
这片硅芯片上有一个极小的目标
On this silicon chip lies a tiny object
它可以同时存在两种真实
that can exist in two realities at once.
这位科学家可能首次
For the first time,
捕捉到了平行宇宙的迹象
this scientist may have caught sight of a parallel universe.
交替的真实不需数光年远
Alternate realities don't have to be light-years away,
遥远得穿过宇宙
far across the Universe.
它们可能都在这里
They could all be right here.
如果奇怪的量子力学法则是正确的
If the strange rules of quantum mechanics are correct,
我就是一个无数个其他我的集♥合♥
I am really a collection of countless alter egos,
所有的其他我都纠结在不间断地斗争中
all locked in a relentless struggle.
这场内部斗争一定是不可预料的
This internal war is supposed to be undetected.
在任何时候，只有一个能够成为真正的我
At any moment, only one ego can become real.
其他的是完全看不见的
The others are completely invisible.
是这样吗？
Or are they?
物理学家弗兰克·蒂普勒相信量子力学预示着
Physicist Frank Tipler believes quantum mechanics predicts
我们自己有无数的副本
there are countless versions of ourselves
生活在平行宇宙中
living in parallel universes.
而且，像我们许多人一样
And like many of us,
他有时幻想着转换自我
he sometimes daydreams of an alter ego.
是时候围绕宇宙旅行了
It's time for another trip around the cosmos
跟随着勇敢的弗兰克
with fearless Frank,
以及天体物理学家和宇宙探险家
astrophysicist and cosmic adventurenaut!
本周
This week,
弗兰克发现一个通向量子平行宇宙的突破口
Frank discovers a portal to a quantum parallel universe!
弗兰克·蒂普勒相信我们的宇宙就像动画片一样
This Frank Tipler believes our Universe, like a cartoon,
诱导我们相信它是唯一真实的
tricks us into thinking it's the only reality.
从前到后，动画片好像是一个唯一目标
From the top down, a cartoon appears to be a single object.
但动画片由小单元组成
But a cartoon is made up of cells.
我们可用一张透明幻灯片代表一个宇宙
We can use one transparency to represent one universe,
但实际上它外面不只有四个宇宙
but in reality, there are four more universes out there,
互相重叠
superimposed on each other.
一个没人看见的物体会同时存在于许多地方
An unobserved object will be in many places at once.
根据弗兰克的说法
According to Frank,
每个注定会成为现实
each one is destined to become reality
在自己的平行宇宙中
in its own separate parallel universe.
如果我们做个统计
When we make a measurement,
每一个弗兰克·蒂普勒将会统一
each one of the Frank Tiplers would be united
于一个特定结果
with a particular result.
在一个宇宙中，目标只能在一个地方看见
In one universe, the objects can only be seen in one place.
从我们的视角中
From our perspective,
观察行为好像
it appears the act of observation
破坏了所有其他的可能
destroys all other possibilities.
但这种现象可能是骗人的
But appearances can be deceptive.
我们不应该把这个可能
We shouldn't think of the possibilities
当成可能
just as possibilities.
别的现实并没有终止而继续存在
The other realities do not cease to exist
只是我选了一个在我手中
just because I have picked one in my own hand.
它们仍然存在
They still remain. They still exist.
如果我们能同时看见每个宇宙
If we could see every universe at once,
那么无数的弗兰克·蒂普勒
a countless number of Frank Tiplers
会在同一时刻做同样的测量
will make the same measurement at the same time.
而且每一个弗兰克都会
And each Frank will see the object
在略有不同的地方看见这样的状况
in a slightly different place.
这些极小的差别可能随着时间流逝被放大
These tiny nuances can, over time, amplify,
导致平行世界的不同的命运
resulting in parallel worlds with diverging fates.
在一个宇宙中
In one universe,
一个巨大的小行星错过地球，并且恐龙活了下来
a giant asteroid misses Earth and dinosaurs live on.
在另一个宇宙中，火箭没有让美国输掉登月竞赛
In another, rocket failure dooms America to lose the moon race.
但我们怎么知道这些交替的现实是否存在
But how can we ever know if these alternate realities exist
一旦我们看见它们，它们是否从视野中消失了？
if they evaporate from view as soon as we look at them?
我们从没有看见这些量子力学效应
We never see these quantum-mechanical effects,
比如事物在同一时刻存在于两个地方
like being in two places at the same time,
因为我们一直不可避免地测量事物
because we're always unavoidably measuring things.
空气分子正撞击它们
Air molecules are hitting them.
这是一种测量方法
That's a kind of measurement.
我们向物体照射光线
We shine a light on something.
这也是一种测量方法
That's a kind of measurement.
也许有个物体♥位♥于桌子上
Perhaps you have an object sitting on a table.
由于桌子是在支撑着目标
The table, because it's pushing back on the object,
所以桌子也在测量目标
is also measuring it.
实践物理学家安德鲁·克莱兰
Experimental physicist Andrew Cleland
可能成为第一个
may have become the first man
捕获到平行宇宙的一瞥的人
to catch a glimpse of a parallel universe.
在这块小正方形硅中
Inside this small square of silicon,
安德鲁刻蚀了一个能勉强看见的喷了金属的面
Andrew has etched a barely visible metal panel.
由超过一万亿个原子组成
It's made up of over a trillion atoms.
在量子世界中，它是“哥斯拉”
In the quantum world, it's Godzilla.
并且他正在试着展示这块大的静止面
And he's trying to show that something this large
遵循量子力学规律
still obeys the rules of quantum mechanics.
我们很清楚这样的事实
We're very familiar with the fact
量子力学适用于
that quantum mechanics applies to small things,
像电子或原子一样的小的事物
like electrons or atoms.