与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E10

Part 5 April 19, 2021, 2:38 p.m.

并且穿过位于平行宇宙中的那个维度
And across that dimension lies a parallel universe.
我们的三维世界可以被看见
Our three-dimensional world can be viewed
像一个嵌在空间中的隔膜一样的表面
as a membrane-like surface embedded in space
具有一个额外的第四空间尺寸
with an extra fourth spacial dimension.
所以，仔细想想这两张报纸
So think about these two newspapers here
它们靠在一起多么近啊
and how close they are together.
这两个膜世界——我们的以及对立面的
The two brane worlds -- ours and the one opposite --
被极短的距离分隔着
are separated by a much tinier distance,
大约一万亿个一万亿分之一英寸
about a trillionth of a trillionth of an inch.
在保罗的模型中，我们宇宙中的每件事物
In Paul's model, everything in our Universe
生活在一个柔韧的三维隔膜
lives on a flexible three-dimensional membrane,
或膜世界中
or brane world.
其他的膜世界
The other brane world,
尽管很靠近我们
even though it's incredibly close to us,
并且是一个不影响我们的独♥立♥的宇宙
is a separate universe that does not interact with us.
但是保罗开始怀疑它如果影响我们会发生什么
But then Paul began to wonder what would happen if it did.
我的同事和我开始考虑的是这样一种想法
What my colleagues and I began to think about
这些膜世界可能不是永远
was the idea that these brane worlds might not just sit there
处于那里
for all time,
它们可能开始向着彼此移♥动♥
that they might begin to move towards one another
并真地碰撞起来
and actually collide.
在碰撞过程中
In that collision,
能量会转换
energy would be converted
膜的动能转换成物质和辐射
from the energy of motion of the branes into matter and radiation
结果，当它们再一次分开的时候
so that when they came apart again,
它们会充满热的物质和辐射
they would be filled with hot matter and radiation,
就像大爆♥炸♥之后我们得到的
just like what we'd get after a Big Bang.
实际上，我们认识到这可能就是宇宙大爆♥炸♥
In fact, we realized this could be the Big Bang.
宇宙大爆♥炸♥，不是空间和时间的开始
The Big Bang, instead of being the beginning of space and time,
可能实际上是一个碰撞
could actually be a collision.
保罗相信这个异型宇宙
Paul believes that this alien universe
到我们的距离比一个原子的长度还小
is still less than an atom's length away.
它是一个陌生的领域
It's a strange domain
在那里物理规律是完全不同的
where the laws of physics are completely different.
并且保罗认为我们已经有证据了
And Paul thinks we're already picking up evidence of it.
虽然我们摸不到，感觉不到，看不到
Although we can't touch, feel, or see
但是，对于其他其他膜中的物质
any matter on the other brane,
我们仍然能感觉到它们的存在
we can nevertheless sense its existence,
因为我们能感觉到它的引力
because we can feel its gravity.
在过去的十年
In the past decade,
天文学家探测到每一个引力
astronomers discovered that every galaxy
被不可见的超大质量的引力源包围
is surrounded by invisible supermassive sources of gravity.
没有人确信这些隐藏的庞然大物由什么组成
No one is sure what these hidden behemoths are made of.
他们叫它暗物质
They call it dark matter.
这种在别的膜世界中的物质
The matter that's on the other brane world,
从我们的角度
which from our vantage point
好像是一种暗物质
appears to be a kind of dark matter,
没有影响我们这边的光
doesn't interact with the light on our side.
在平行宇宙中暗物质可能确实是物质吗？
Could dark matter actually be matter in a parallel world?
保罗认为我们可以找到真♥相♥
Paul thinks we may find the truth
在黑洞的末端
at the bottom of a black hole,
一个太空中的巨大的黑洞
a vast sink hole in space
这里的重力是如此强烈，没有东西能逃出去
where gravity is so intense, nothing can escape it.
如果大量的物质在一个
If a lot of matter clusters together
或另一个膜上聚在一起
on one brane or the other brane,
那么它的引力场就会变强
its gravitational field becomes so strong
以至于会把其他的膜拽向它并靠近那一点
that it draws the other brane towards it near that point.
发生的事情好像是在黑洞形成的那个点上
What happens is as if you've pinned the two together
把两个膜钉到一起
at that point where the black hole forms.
所以在别处，这两个膜可能是分离的
So elsewhere, the two branes may be separate,
只是在被钉在一起的那个点上
but at the point where they're pinned,
在黑洞的位置上它们结合在一起
they're joined together at the position of the black hole.
解码暗物质之谜
Decoding the riddle of dark matter
在今天的物理学上是最大的挑战之一
is one of the biggest challenges in physics today.
成千上万个精明的头脑
Thousands of brilliant minds
以及成百上千个望远镜为它准备
and hundreds of telescopes are trained on it.
保罗相信当他们最终了解了
Paul believes that when they finally learn
暗物质是什么
what dark matter is,
他们会发现暗物质存在于别的宇宙中
they will actually discover that it exists in another universe.
黑洞把我们和平行宇宙联♥系♥起来了吗？
Do black holes connect us to a parallel world?
有位科学家可能已经有答案了
This scientist may already have the answer,
并且如果他的新理论是正确的
and if his new theory is correct,
那么我们可能在与平行宇宙
we could be on the verge of making contact
接触的边缘
with a parallel universe.
400年前
400 years ago,
地球被认为是宇宙的中心
it was believed Earth was the center of the Universe.
后来一个来自波兰托伦市乡村的人
Then a man from the village Torun in Poland
排除了地球
swept the Earth aside.
但是在探索我们在宇宙中的真实位置的过程中
But in discovering our true place in the cosmos,
伟大的天文学家尼古拉·哥白尼
the great astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
留下一个至关重要的问题没有解答
left one crucial question unanswered.
宇宙的中心在哪？
Where is the center of the Universe?
现在，同一个乡村的另一个男孩
Now another son of that same village
认为他有答案
thinks he has the answer.
如果他是对的，那么答案将指引我们找到平行宇宙
If he's right, it could lead us to a parallel universe,
给了我们宇宙起源的平行宇宙
one that gave birth to ours.
尼科德姆·波普拉瓦斯基有着同样的创新精神
Nikodem Poplawski has the same revolutionary spirit
就像他的波兰前辈一样
as his Polish predecessor.
他相信科学突破的关键
He believes the key to making a scientific breakthrough
是严格的训练和一个清晰的头脑
is rigorous training and a clear head.
当我解决问题时，我精神饱满
When I work out, I have some freshness in my mind,
接下来我想一些
and then I want to think about some problems
关于宇宙的问题
about the Universe.
我变得更有创意
I become more creative.
尼科德姆强烈的关注使直接面对
Nikodem's intense focus brought him face-to-face
宇宙怪物
with a cosmic monster --
黑洞
the black hole.
在其外缘，被称为视界
Inside its outer edge, known as the event horizon,
甚至连光也无法逃脱它贪婪的胃口
not even light can escape its voracious appetite.
没有人知道穿过这个没有归路的宇宙点会发生什么
No one is sure what happens past this cosmic point of no return.
在黑洞的中心
At the heart of a black hole,
引力的力量是如此强大的
the force of gravity is so powerful
以至于它会把恒星的全部质量
that it will compress the entire mass of a star
压缩成一个单点
into a single point.
物理学家把这一密度无穷大的点称为奇点
Physicists call this point of infinite density a singularity.
当然，奇点意味着
And, of course, singularity means
我们不完全了解这种物理现象
that we do not understand completely the physics.
我不喜欢奇点
I don't like singularities,
并且我想看看是否有一种结构
and I wanted to see if there is a mechanism
是最简单的和最自然的
which would be the simplest and the most natural.
像大部分研究引力的科学家一样
Like most scientists who study gravity,
尼科德姆是一个阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的追随者
Nikodem is a disciple of Albert Einstein.
爱因斯坦声称空间和时间交织在一起
Einstein professed that space and time are woven together
成为一种柔性织物，他称之为时空的
into a flexible fabric he called space-time.
凯蒂和梅根正拿着一块毛巾过来
Katie and Meghan are holding here a towel,
代表时空
which represents space-time.
时空在大质量物体的影响下
Space-time can be curved
可以弯曲
under the influence of massive objects.
我这里有球，它代表着太阳
So here I have the ball, which represents the sun.
太阳对时空有很显著的影响
Sun has some significant effect on the space-time.
你可以看到时空是如何弯曲的
You can see how space-time is curved.
这是地球
And here's Earth.
而且地球感觉到时空的弯曲
And Earth feels curvature of space-time,
这就是为什么它围绕太阳转动
and that's why it moves around the sun.
但这条曲线不是唯一的路径
But this curving was not the only way
爱因斯坦认为物质会扭曲
Einstein believed matter could distort
时空结构
the fabric of space-time.
除弯曲之外
In addition to curvature,
时空还具有另一个几何特性
space-time is also equipped with another geomatical property
叫做扭曲
called torsion.