与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E10

Part 4 April 19, 2021, 2:38 p.m.

极小的一部分
is just a tiny fraction
在物质和反物质这两个巨大的海洋中
of two vast seas of matter and antimatter.
它们会彻底地互相毁灭
They would have completely destroyed one another
要不是因为有极小的不平衡
were it not for the tiny imbalance
乔安妮和她的同事发现的B和反B介子之间的不平衡
Joanne and her colleagues found between the B and Anti-B mesons.
由于反物质
Because of this slight difference
在衰减特性方面的极小的差异
in the decay properties of the antimatter,
我们今天留下了物质，仅仅一点儿的物质
we're left with matter today, just a sliver of matter
与宇宙大爆♥炸♥的最初数量相比
compared to the original amount of the Big Bang.
那么，乔安妮所做的探测工作是合乎逻辑的
So, Joanne's detective work is done,
每个人可以不必担忧
and everyone can stop worrying
我们即将毁灭
about our impending annihilation
邪恶的反物质宇宙
with an evil antimatter universe
徘徊在空间的黑暗隐蔽处
prowling in the dark recesses of space.
实际上，这个故事可能不是很圆♥满♥
Actually, this story may not wrap up so neatly.
因为尽管“B”因子这一结论
Because even though the "B"-factoring results
解释了大部分反物质去了哪里
explain where most of the antimatter went...
遗憾地是，那没有解释清
Unfortunately, that doesn't account
宇宙中所有下落不明的反物质
for all of the missing antimatter in the Universe.
因此，必然有一些新的物理现象
So there must be some new piece of physics
仍处在那里等待我们探索
that is still there for us to discover.
3，2，1，0，启动，升空
3, 2, 1, zero, and liftoff
最终发射了奋进号♥航♥天♥飞机
for the final launch of Endeavour.
那个探索可能近在身边
That discovery could be close at hand.
在2011年5月，奋进号♥航♥天♥飞机
In May 2011, the space shuttle Endeavour
把一台叫做高级映射光谱测量仪的巨大粒子探测器运送到了
delivered a giant particle detector called the AMS
国际空间站
to the International Space Station.
这台测量仪将寻找宇宙射线
The AMS will look for the cosmic rays
由数十亿年前宇宙大爆♥炸♥之后
created billions of years ago from matter and antimatter
彻底毁灭的物质和反物质所产生的
annihilating in the wake of the Big Bang.
可能宇宙射线会引导我们找到
Perhaps they will lead us to the remnants
反物质的原始的海洋的残余部分
of that primordial sea of antimatter,
如果这个残余部分脱离了那里
if it's out there.
反物质宇宙可能潜行于我们的宇宙的边缘
The antimatter universe is not the only strange domain
它不是唯一的陌生的领域
that may be lurking on the fringes of our cosmos.
我们可能被各种各样的平行宇宙包围
We could be surrounded by all manner of parallel universes.
了解平行宇宙在哪里，它们是什么不仅仅是一个空想的游戏
Learning where and what they are is not just a theoretical game.
整个宇宙的命运就靠它了
The fate of our entire Universe depends on it.
我们为什么关心是否有其他版本的你和我存在？
Why do we care if another version of you and me exists?
我们不想面对面地遇到他们
We're never going to meet them face-to-face.
但这些另一个自我是重要的
But these alter egos are important.
因为他们是回答关于生存的
Because they are the key to answering
最大问题的关键
the biggest questions of existence --
宇宙是怎样诞生的
how was the Universe born...
以及会怎样结束？
and how will it end?
宇宙学家安德列·林德相信
Cosmologist Andrei Linde believes
他做了一项令人震惊的探索
he's made a shocking discovery.
创造宇宙的力量
The force that created the cosmos
应该创造了无数的其他平行宇宙
should have created countless other parallel universes.
而且同样的力量
And that same force
也会导致我们所知的每一种事物死亡
would also cause the demise of everything we know.
这项探索开始于一个简单的
This discovery began with a simple,
表面上看来平凡的问题
seemingly innocuous question.
为什么宇宙在我们看到的每个方向上
Why does the Universe look the same
看起来一样？
in every direction that we look?
这个问题困扰物理学家们
This is the problem which bothered physicists
几百年了
for, well, hundreds of years.
安德列深信仅仅一个大规模的混乱的爆♥炸♥
Andrei was convinced that a massive chaotic explosion alone
不会创造出我们今天看到的
could never create the smooth and uniform Universe
光滑的均匀的宇宙
that we see today.
因为用物理方法了解宇宙大爆♥炸♥
Because the way physics understands the Big Bang,
所以我们今天看到的每件事物
everything we see today
从一块方糖大小的东西爆发出来
exploded from something the size of a sugar cube.
好像为了创造
It appears that in order to create
我们周围的所有星系
all of these galaxies surrounding us
在公认的宇宙大爆♥炸♥理论中
in the standard Big Bang theory,
我们大约需要10的85次方吨♥的
we would need approximately 10 to the degree 85
高能炸♥药♥
tons of high-energy explosive.
这看上去是十亿个十亿个十亿个十亿个
It's like a billion of a billion of a billion of billion
十亿个十亿个十亿个十亿吨♥的
of a billion of a billion of a billion of a billion
物质
tons of matter.
这听起来的确完全令人难以置信
And this just sounds totally unbelievable.
所以有必要
And that's why it was necessary
从另外一个故事说起
to come with a different kind of story.
它就是膨胀理论
And that was the inflationary theory.
膨胀是一个安德列很清楚的过程
Inflation is a process Andrei knows very well,
它不仅仅作为扩大宇宙的动力
and not just as a force that blows up the Universe.
当安德列在不分♥析♥宇宙大爆♥炸♥的秘密时
When he's not decoding the mysteries of the Big Bang,
他用他喜欢的业务爱好扩大了我们的世界的一小部分
he inflates tiny portions of our world with his favorite hobby --
摄影
photography.
这真是一台非常不错的相机
This is actually a pretty nice camera.
在我60岁时，我的家人把它作为生日礼物送给我
My family gave it to me as a birthday present when I got 60,
并且从那个时候起，我获得了拍照的方法
and since that time, I got kind of hooked.
根据安德列的理论
According to Andrei's theory,
当宇宙处于这块方糖的大小时
when the Universe was the size of this sugar cube,
它一定是一个混乱的能量团
it must have been a chaotic lump of energy,
每个微小的部分
each microscopic part
都完全不同
a fundamentally different place from another,
像一个彩色的混合物
like a technicolor patchwork.
这个立方体可能有不同大小的各种颜色
This cube may have different colors of different size,
但膨胀干了什么呢
but what inflation does,
以方糖的任意角落作为开始
if you start with any tiny corner of the sugar cube,
那么，这个部分的宇宙扩大了
then this part of the Universe expands.
而且我们环顾周围
And we look around.
我们正居住在这块方糖的里面
We're living inside this sugar cube.
我们周围的每一件事物都是白的或者都是粉红的
Everything is white around us or everything is pink around us.
这样我们就说，“噢，太美了。”
And then we say, "Oh, so beautiful."
我们的宇宙是均匀的我们解答了所有的问题
Our Universe is uniform. We've solved all our problems.
但膨胀可能不会解决所有的问题
But inflation may not solve all of our problems.
因为一旦膨胀开始
Because once it gets going, inflation,
像安德列痴迷摄影一样
like Andrei's addiction to blow-up photography,
它就永不停息
never stops.
看起来宇宙
The Universe, it seems,
正持续不断地变得越来越大
is constantly growing larger and larger forever.
但根据安德列的观点
But according to Andrei,
膨胀也必然要返回来
inflation must also come back
拜访我们已经扩张了的宇宙
to visit our already expanded Universe.
它瞄向宇宙的一个极小部分
It zeros in on a tiny fraction of it
并且把它放大成为一个新宇宙
and blows it up into a new universe.
所以，会发生什么
So, what will happen --
会有一个新形成的泡泡
there will be a bubble formed of a new phase, if you wish,
并且这个泡泡会抓住并杀死你
and the bubble will grab you and kill you,
并且那会是终结
and, well, that will be the end.
如果安德列是正确的
If Andrei is correct,
那么，我们的宇宙是不稳定的
our Universe is inherently unstable.
随时，它的一小部分扩展到极大的宇宙尺寸
At any moment, one tiny part of it might expand to cosmic size
并且破坏我们所知的一切事物
and destroy everything we know.
但在美洲大♥陆♥对面
But across the continent,
一位以前的同事认为安德列误解了膨胀理论
a former colleague thinks Andrei has got it wrong.
保罗·斯泰恩哈特是科学界的“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦教授”
Paul Steinhardt is the Albert Einstein professor in science
任职于普林斯顿大学
at Princeton University,
这是一个只有两位科学家曾经获得过的称号♥
a title that only two scientists have ever earned.
膨胀实际上预示着什么？
What does inflation actually predict?
任何可能性可以出现无数次
Well, any possibility can occur an infinite number of times.
这一理论不能预言任何事物
There is no prediction that such a theory can make.
可以发生事物与这一理论是一致的
Anything that can happen is consistent with such a theory.
保罗放弃了在膨胀理论领域几十年的工作
Paul is scrapping decades of work on inflation
因为一个新理论
for a new theory,
这个理论宣称
one that claims
有一个隐藏的第四维空间
there is a hidden fourth dimension of space.