与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E01

Part 1 April 19, 2021, 2:43 p.m.

人类文明
Human civilization.
我们所了解、感觉、期待的一切
everything we can know, feel, and hope for
都是我们在地球上的
is forged here on Earth,
区区八千英里宽的石头球体
a ball of rock just 8,000 miles wide.
但是在那边，跨越广阔的天际
But out there, across the vast heavens,
可能存在着无数其他文明
there could be countless other civilizations,
每一个都拥有和我们大相径庭的
each with knowledge, history, and ambition
知识、历史和志向
vastly different from our own.
直到一天，也许比想象来得要快
And one day, perhaps sooner than you think,
人类和外星文明将会碰撞
humanity and alien civilization will collide.
那一天将怎样地改变我们？
How will that day change us?
那会否成为我们最伟大的跃进？
Will it be our greatest leap forward
还是我们了解的一切都将结束？
Or the end of everything we know?
空间，时间，生命本身
Space, time, life itself.
宇宙之谜，尽在穿越虫洞
The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole.
与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（S03E01）
Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman (S03E01)
第一次接触，我们能否生还？
Will We Survive First Contact?
想想你在学校学到的每件事
Think of everything you learned in school.
想想爱因斯坦、佛主、还有
Think of everything that Einstein, Buddha,
莎士比亚所知的一切
and Shakespeare knew.
人类的全部经历
The entire experience of humanity
足以压倒淹没个人的思维
is overwhelming to a single mind.
但是如果还有外星人存在
But if aliens are out there,
那么这些知识
all that is nothing
和这个星系中的全部的知识相比，就是沧海一粟
compared with the sum total of knowledge in the galaxy.
我们和外星人第一次接触的那天
The day we make first contact with an alien race
将会是人类新时代的黎明
will be the dawn of a new era for humanity.
它可能激发新的文艺复兴，并彻底改变我们
It could spur a renaissance that will change us utterly.
或者，它将会是人类历史上最黑暗的一天
Or it could be the darkest day in human history.
大多数四五十年代的孩子
Most kids in the '40s and '50s
读着在另一世界的探险故事长大
grew up reading tales of adventure on other worlds.
我们当中许多人都曾经幻想自己战斗在
And most of us imagined we were Earth's first line of defense
阻挡外星人入侵地球的第一线
against alien invaders.
那时，我更愿意觉得我们错了
These days, I would like to think we were wrong,
那些天外来客可能是友善的
that extraterrestrials might be friendly.
但是许多科学家相信，生物学的基本力量
But many scientists believe basic forces of biology
使得进攻性的外星人是个更安全的赌注
make aggressive aliens a safer bet.
查尔斯·库克尔是天体生物学教授
Charles Cockell is a Professor of Astrobiology
在苏格兰爱丁堡大学
at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
他深入思考外星生命
He thinks deeply about alien life
以及进化如何决定他们在
and how evolution might determine their actions
第一次接触时的表现
at first contact.
不能仅因一个文明
It's not clear that a civilization
能穿越太空旅行就
just because it can travel through space
判定它们是无私的
would be altruistic.
例如人类
Humanity, for example,
已经登陆了土卫六这颗冻结的卫星
landed spacecraft on the freezing moon of Titan,
但我们仍在战争
and yet we still go to war.
所以技术的进步并不会
So it's not the case that technological advancement
同时带来无私和利他
necessarily is -- comes hand in hand with altruism,
所以一个外星文明
and it's possible that an alien civilization
可能是相当危险的
could actually be quite dangerous.
查尔斯研究进化的力量
Charles studies the forces of evolution
这给予我们必要的智慧
that gave us the intelligence necessary
成为高等文明
for an advanced civilization,
他相信这同时会驱使外星人把我们撕成碎片
forces he believes could drive aliens to tear ours apart.
这是一个关于自养生物和异养生物的问题
It's a question of autotrophs or heterotrophs,
或者用外行人的话说
or in layman's terms...
晚饭吃什么？
What's for dinner?
自养生物是一种
An autotroph is a type of life
利用光能的生物
that uses light as a source of energy.
例如，这里的草就是自养生物
For example, the grass here is an autotrophic organism.
它们利用来自天空的阳光
It's using sunlight from the sky
来给自己提供能量，生长和繁殖
to power itself and to grow and reproduce.
自养生物通常不具有智慧
Autotrophs generally are not intelligent.
收集阳光是一种收集能量的极好方式
Gathering sunlight is a very good way of gathering energy,
但却不可能收集足够的能量
but it never really gathers sufficient energy
使其成为智慧生物
for a creature to become intelligent.
自养生物还有其他弱点
Autotrophs have another weakness.
它们容易被异养生物捕食
They're easy prey for heterotrophs.
我身后的羊群
These sheep behind me,
它们是异养生物
these are heterotrophs,
他们是吃自养生物的
but they're feeding off autotrophs.
它们吃田野中的草
They're feeding off the grass in this field.
查尔斯相信，无论是地球生命
Charles believes that the food chain is just as real
还是外星生命，食物链都是原力
of a force for alien life as it is for terrestrials.
越聪明的生物
The smarter the creature,
就要消耗越多的食物来维持它们大脑工作
the more food it must consume to keep its brain working.
好的，谢谢。这正是我点的菜
All right. Thanks. Just what I ordered.
你看，我这里的开胃小菜
You can see the hors d'oeuvres that I have here,
你可以对草的量有一个理解
and you can get some idea of the amount of grass
我可以每天吃这么多来驱动一个羊的大脑
I would have to eat a day to power a sheep's brain.
但是当你需要驱动人的大脑时
But it's a completely different matter
就是另外一回事了
when you need to power a human brain.
如果我们花费所有的工作时间
If we spent all of our waking hours
来吃掉数磅的草
eating the pounds of grass
用以来驱动大脑工作
it takes just to power our brain,
那么我们就几乎没有时间来想像
we would have little time for the imagination and ambition
来实现把我们送上月球的抱负
that sent us to the Moon.
好在自然提供了解决方法
But nature provides a solution.
并不太好，但是这是生命界的事实
It's not pretty, but it is a fact of life.
羊肉
Lamb.
谢谢
Thank you.
我们巨大的大脑
Our massive brains
需要消耗大量的能量
require colossal amounts of energy.
成为最干净、最迅速的捕食者
And being a predator is the cleanest, quickest,
是高等生物获取必要能量
and most effective way to acquire the energy necessary
最行之有效的方法
for advanced intelligence,
无论是人类还是外星人
whether human or alien.
智慧生物
Intelligent creatures,
特别是非常智慧的生物，都是肉食动物
particularly very intelligent creatures, would be predatory.
它们位于食物链的末尾
They would be at the end of a food chain,
它们会吃掉其他生物
and they would eat other creatures
由于它们需要吃掉其他生物
that would eat other creatures.
所以他们必定是掠夺者
So they're bound to be predatory in some way.
查尔斯确信，第一次接触
Charles is confident that at first contact,
是捕食者之间的竞赛
we will meet an intelligent race of predators,
捕食者几乎都会成为好战的生物
predators that most likely developed a war-like culture
就像我们一样
just like ours.
人类之间的冲突
Conflict in human beings
明确地与掠夺有关
is definitely linked to predation.
关于领土的贪婪
It's all about grasping territory.
对于资源的占有和支配
It's all about having resources and commanding those resources
在饥荒或其他困难时期
in times of a famine or in times of difficulty.
出现在我们门前的外星捕食者
Predatory aliens who show up on our doorstep
可能是需要新的资源
may well be in need of new resources.
如果这样，人类的生存就置于危险之中
If so, the existence of humanity could be in jeopardy.
如果他们需要来烹调他们食物的氧气
If they need oxygen to burn their food,
就像我们需要氧气来烹制我们的食物一样
just as in the same way we need oxygen to burn our food,
它们会发现这个星球上的自然条件
they might find the environmental conditions
对于他们的文明来说太有益了
on this planet very conducive for their civilization.
一个像我们这样含氧的星球
And oxygen-bearing planets like ours
大气层中有着丰富的氧含量
with high levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
在宇宙中可能相当稀有
might actually be quite rare in the universe.
一旦发现，就是他们要去的好地方
And when you find them, they might be good places to go.
我们常在电影中看到这样的情节
It is a scenario we usually see in the movies.
外星人如同无敌征服舰队而来
Aliens arrive as a conquering armada,
人类不顾一切地为生存而战
and mankind engages them in a desperate battle for survival.
但是一个科学家表示，恕不同意
But one scientist begs to differ.
提到一个怀有敌意的文明
Let's say that a civilization is hostile.