与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E03

Part 3 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

然而事实上情况是
But in fact, what's happening is...
你的听觉系统能够通过耳朵
...Your auditory system is able to take information
采集到信息其过程很快
coming in through the ears and process that very quickly,
而你的视觉系统则要慢多了
whereas your visual system is much slower.
因此结果就是你的大脑听到了声音
So, what happens is your brain hears the sound,
然后看到了情景
and then it sees the sight,
它得设法获得这两者
and somehow it has to take both of those
撮合在一起端上来了
and stitch them together and serve up...
一个故事这就是它们同时发生
...A single story, which is that they were simultaneous,
即使信♥号♥♥传达给大脑
even though the signals are arriving at the brain
并非同时
at different times.
这整个事情其实在时间上有点模糊
This whole thing is really smeared out in time,
然而我们并没有感觉到那样
and yet it doesn't feel that way to us.
感觉仿佛是整个事情是同时发生的
It feels as though the whole thing is simultaneous.
用了百万分之几秒的时间
It takes a few millionths of a second
让你的大脑来拼凑信息
for your brain to put together information
将其提供给你的意识
and serve it up to your consciousness,
这意味着我们都生活在那么一点点的过去
which means that we're all living a tiny bit in the past.
这种时间滞后是我们大脑做出的权衡
This time delay is the tradeoff our brains make
给我们最佳故事结果
to give us the best story of what happened.
然而一旦大脑没有恰好得到故事
But when the brain doesn't get the story right,
你就会改变与时间的关系
it can change your relationship with time.
你的个人时间变得与众不同
Your personal time becomes different from others',
那就可能产生极坏的后果
and that can have very bad consequences.
医学杂♥志♥说过奇怪的案件
Medical journals tell of the strange case
有开车人
of the man who went for a drive
注意到路旁的树木和建筑飞驰而过
and noticed that the trees and buildings by the road
仿佛
were speeding by
他开的车达到了时速200英里
as if he were driving at 200 miles per hour.
他松开油门
He eased up on the accelerator,
但街景依然疾驰而过
but the cityscape continued to whiz by.
此人感到世界在加速不停
This man perceived the world as having accelerated.
在现实中他已经放缓了
In reality, he had slowed down.
他走路说话是慢动作
He walked and talked in slow motion.
他已经跟不上时间了
He had become unstuck in time.
原来他的时间病的肇因
It turned out that his time sickness
是脑肿瘤
was caused by a brain tumor.
不管时间是什么它都与我们息息相关
Whatever time is, it's deeply wired into us.
我们全都是具有自己内部时间的计时器
We are all clocks with our own internal time.
大卫·依格曼怀疑
David Eagleman suspects
即使是稍与时间流逝不同步
that going even slightly out of sync with the flow of time
都会导致严重的精神疾病
can lead to serious mental illness.
我认为精神分♥裂♥症有可能根本上就是
I think that schizophrenia might fundamentally be
时间感知紊乱
a disorder of time perception.
所以试想你的时间感知上若有一些差异的话
So, imagine if there were some deficit in your time perception
那你在有感知结果的前后
where you didn't know if your own actions were coming
就不会知道自己打哪里来的
before or after the sensory consequences.
其结果就会是
What would happen is
你会得到非常破碎的认知
you would have a very fragmented cognition.
你不会知道哪些事情是你造成的
You wouldn't know which things you caused
哪些事情你不会造成的
and which things you didn't cause.
为了表明我们得个人时间可以有多灵活
To show how flexible our personal time can be,
大卫设计了一个实验
David devised an experiment
巧妙地扭曲测试对象的时间感知
that subtly warps a test subject's perception of time.
这里设想我看到你按下按钮
So, imagine that I have you press a button
会产生一道闪光
and that causes a flash of light.
现在我注入很小的延迟
Now I inject a very small delay,
这样当你按下按钮时闪光会出现
so that when you hit the button, the flash of light comes,
比方说十分之一秒的滞后
let's say, 1/10 of a second later.
其结果就是你的大脑得习惯那种延迟
What happens is your brain gets used to that delay.
它开始了解到当它产生这种行为时
It starts understanding that when it puts out this act,
感知的反馈要略比预料的慢一点点
the sensory feedback is a little bit slower than it expected.
开始调节它
So, it starts adjusting to that,
它就好像开始与你同步了
and it starts to seem simultaneous to you.
现在如果我去除延迟
Now, if I remove the delay --
现在你点击按钮闪光立刻闪现
so now you hit the button and the flash happens immediately --
你会相信
you will believe
闪光闪现时你尚未按下按钮
that the flash happened before you pressed the button.
这正是精神分♥裂♥症所发生的情况
This is exactly what happens in schizophrenia.
有人会做出一个举动称“这不是我
Somebody will make an act and say, "It wasn't me.
我并不觉得我就是做那举动的人”
I don't feel like I was the one who caused that."
时间貌似因人而异
Time seems to vary from person to person,
我们主观时间的弹性
and the elastic nature of our subjective time
已经让大卫怀疑时间是否真的存在
has caused David to wonder whether time is, in fact, real.
我认为时间有可能是
I think that time might be
我们所具有的最顽固的精神沙漏
the most stubborn psychological filter that we have,
而当我们真正抵达其下面后
and that when we start really reaching down below that,
当我们开始真正搞明白
when we start really figuring out
时间是如何由大脑构建的后
how time is constructed by the brain,
我们将不得不回到物理学里
we're going to have to go back to physics
重整所有的计算公式
and rejig all of the equations there.
是否有可能排出人为因素
Is it possible to eliminate the human factor
把时间整个
and pull time completely out
从我们对宇宙的物理描述中拉出来呢？
of our physical description of the Universe?
此人说“可以”
This man says "yes."
他重整了爱因斯坦的方程式
He's rejigged Einstein's equations,
他发现时间可能根本就不存在
and he's found that time may not exist at all.
断言时间是个假象
Declaring that time is an illusion
可能听上去很激进
may sound radical,
不过拒绝时间是个古老的想法
but the denial of time is an old idea --
2500年之久了
2,500 years old.
公元前500年哲学家巴门尼德
In 500 B.C., the philosopher Parmenides
宣称运动是不可能的
declared that motion is impossible
因为对于一个物体要移♥动♥一段距离
because for an object to move any distance,
必须经过
it would have to pass through
无穷极数的分步
an infinite series of fractional steps
才能够从一处到另一处
to get from one place to another,
没有人能采取无穷的步骤
and no one can take infinite steps.
如果运动是不可能的那么变化也是不可能的
And if motion is impossible, then change is also impossible.
因而时间必定是个假象
So, therefore, time must be an illusion.
没人明了此中缘故
No one knew quite what to make of this.
当然运动是真实的
Surely, motion is real.
事物确实改变了时间确实流逝了对吧？
Things do change and time does pass, right?
难说
Maybe not.
在英国一个古老的乡村里
In an ancient village in the English countryside,
此人认为量子物理定律证明了
this man thinks that the laws of quantum physics prove
巴门尼德是正确的
that Parmenides was right.
此人名叫朱利安·巴伯
His name is Julian Barbour.
几十年前他就着手精心安排一个数学案例
Decades ago, he began carefully laying out a mathematical case
阐述宇宙并不需要时间
that the universe doesn't need time,
这有点怪怪的因为他周遭都是过去
which is a bit odd, as he's surrounded by the past.
我们站在小镇上这是一条古街
We're standing in the town, which is a very ancient street,
我的身后是我的家建于1659年
and behind me is my home, built 1659.
当年牛顿17岁
Newton was 17 then,
才开始认真考虑时间和运动
just seriously beginning to think about time and motion.
若时间并不存在
If time doesn't exist,
那这一切都是什么呢？
what's all this?
对朱利安来说我们所见的一切都是考古挖掘
To Julian, everything we see is an archaeological dig.
物体问世在先
Things are there first,
时间是其后来的推断
and time is deduced from it afterwards.
他认为这座千年教堂
He believes this 1,000-year-old church
这些14世纪的壁画
and these 14th-century wall paintings
就是整个时间存在于空间片段里的明证
are proof that the whole of time exists in slices of space.
我们的过去只是另一个世界
Our past is just another world,
或是宇宙另一个可能的布局
or it's another possible configuration of the Universe.
它现在是另一个了
It's another now.
这是真真切切的
And this is literally true.
片刻并不属于时间时间就在片刻之中
The instant is not in time. Time is in the instant.
朱利安激进的时间观
Julian's radical view of time
出自惠勒-德威特方程式
grows out of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation,