与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E02

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

那些规则创造了
And that rule makes this world
这个游戏的世界
in which you're playing the game,
你玩的这个游戏里的空间
this space in which you're playing the game,
是有限的
a finite space.
那有点像
And that's kind of like
我们想象的宇宙规则
the rules we're imagining for the Universe.
如果我们的宇宙是有限的
If our Universe is finite,
科学家相信它的边缘是有联♥系♥的
scientists believe its edges must also be linked,
那就是整个宇宙
that the entire cosmos
有点像一个巨大的小行星游戏
must act like a giant game of "Asteroids."
如果我们能弯曲这个空间
If we could bend this space,
我们能更直观的看到
we would see that it looks like something more intuitive.
比如，如果我拿起这个菜单
Like, for example, if I were to take this menu
然后应用小行星里面的规则
and apply that rule from the "Asteroid" game.
你知道，我跳出顶部，我从底部进入
You know, I exit the top, I enter the bottom.
那其实就像游戏里一样，把菜单
That's exactly the same as taking the menu
卷起，把两头沾在一起
and rolling it up and gluing the sides together.
效果是一样的
It gives the same effect.
如果我能弯曲这个有点硬的菜单
And if I could bend this rather too stiff menu,
我会尝试去弯曲它
I would try to bend it
这两个边缘会沾在一起
so that the two edges came together and were glued.
然后我就做出了一个有点像
And then I'd be making something kind of like,
你知道，一个经典的纽约硬面包圈
you know, a bagel -- a classic, New York bagel.
面包圈是沾在一起的，不只是像个圆柱体
And the bagel is glued together not just like a cylinder
而是两边连在一起
but also around the other side.
虽然面包圈表面明显是有限的
Even though the surface of this bagel is clearly finite,
但没有人能在里面找到边缘
no one living in this space would ever run into an edge,
所以感觉就像它是无边际，无限的
so it feels boundless and infinite.
当我们生活在这个宇宙
When we live inside the Universe,
我们不能走出去
we can't step outside of it.
因为这儿没有其他维度往下
There's no other dimension to look down from,
看着我们的3维空间的宇宙，所以那很难被观察到
onto our 3-dimensional Universe, so it's harder to visualize.
但我们可以利用规则
But we can use the rules
就像用在小行星游戏里的规则
like the rules that are used in the "Asteroids" game.
然后我们加上一条
And then we add one more rule
3个规则，3个维度
for three rules for three dimensions.
从后面进去，从前面出来
Go out the back face, come in the front.
如果我们生活在一个宇宙立方体里面
If we do live in a cosmic asteroid cube,
这里有个方法我们可以探索宇宙的边界
there is a way we could discover the edges --
不是用飞船飞越它
not by flying a spaceship across them,
而是站着不动
but by standing still
看着光线，就像它包裹着宇宙
and watching light as it wraps around the Universe.
如果宇宙像这房♥间一样大
If the Universe were the size of a room
而你拿着灯笼站在中间
and you stood in the middle of it holding up a lantern,
光线从往向后面照射出去
light beaming out from your back
透过一扇墙
would zip out one wall
从另一面射进来
and re-enter the room from the other side
你会在你前面的墙
so you'd see an image of your back
看见你后面的影像
on the wall in front of you.
看你的右边
Looking out to the right,
你会看到光线从你的左边进来
you'd see light coming from your left side.
这房♥间明显覆盖着镜子
The room would appear to be covered in mirrors.
无论你看那扇墙，你都能看见你自己的影像
Whichever wall you looked at, you'd see an image of yourself.
我们看星空
When we look at the night sky,
我们看不见这种玻璃大厅
we don't see this hall of mirrors.
空间太巨大了
But space is so vast,
光线需要几十亿年
light could take billions of years
才能在宇宙来回一次
to loop around the Universe.
空间和时间在这种宏大的尺度里
Space and time on this epic scale
镜子里的影像不再一样
mean that mirror images would look nothing like one another.
所以，想象这个畜栏是我们的宇宙
So, imagine this corral is our Universe.
这个畜栏会被无休止的重复
There will be repeats of this corral ad infinitum,
给我们一个生活在无限空间的错觉
giving an illusion that we live in an infinite space.
但如果这个畜栏跨度只是30光年
But if this corral were just 30 light-years across,
我看出去
when I look out there,
我会看见我自己
I wouldn't see myself as I am now.
10岁的时候
I'd see myself as a 10-year-old boy
因为我会回看到30年前
'cause I'd be looking 30 years back in time.
我们的银河大概存在有130亿年
Our Milky Way is around 13 billion years old.
几乎和宇宙一样久远
It's been around almost as long as the Universe itself.
或许有一个遥远的银河镜像
Could a distant image of the Milky Way
躲藏在夜空里
be hidden somewhere in the night sky,
假设你看到它5十亿或百亿年前的样子
disguised the way it looked 5 or 10 billion years ago?
我们如何能认出它年轻时候的样子？
If it is, how would we even recognize this youthful twin?
这些科学家相信宇宙是一个充满镜子的大厅
This scientist believes the cosmos is a hall of mirrors,
那么宇宙是有限的
that the Universe is finite,
而他知道它的大小和形状
and that he knows its size and shape.
想象一下，如果整个宇宙
Imagine if the entire Universe
就像这个房♥间一样大
was just the size of this room
而空间能头尾相接的卷起来
and that space wrapped around itself
那每扇墙都是能通过对面的通道
so each wall was the passageway to the wall opposite.
往周围看，我会看到我自己部分的影像
Looking around, I would see myself fractured,
就像在水晶里被多重复♥制♥
as if by a crystal, into multiple copies,
而每个版本都能往回追溯一些
and each version would be slipped backward in time.
往回追溯一些
Backward in time.
往回追溯一些
Backward in time.
是否我们的宇宙是镜子之堂
Is our Universe a hall of mirrors?
天文学家已经用了很多年
Astronomers have looked
去观测星系的多重结构
for repeating patterns of galaxies for years,
寻找宇宙有边的证据
looking for evidence that the Universe has an edge.
但他们什么也没发现
But they've never found any.
吉恩·皮埃尔·卢米涅是资深科学家
Jean-Pierre Luminet is a senior scientist
任职巴黎天文台
at the Paris Observatory.
他从孩提时期
He's been fascinated with the shape of space
就着迷于空间的形状
ever since he was a child.
自然创造的形状总是很有趣
I was always interested in shapes created by nature.
有一个很好的主意
And while it's a nice idea
比如，去想象一种特别的，有着螺旋结构的蜗牛
to imagine a typical snail with a spiral, for instance --
而且，你知道也有一些螺旋形星系
and you know there are spiral galaxies, for instance --
问题是
the question is,
为什么这种形状，也会在夜空中出现
why is this shape gonna be also in the sky?
吉恩·皮埃尔投入极大的热情
Jean-Pierre's passion
去探索宇宙的形状
to discover the shape of the cosmos
这个开创性的工作源于
grew from the groundbreaking work
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
of the great Albert Einstein.
他的相对论
His theory of relativity
显示出宇宙是一种弹性的类纤维结构
showed that space is a flexible fabric
物质和能量都会影响它
whose shape is deformed by matter and energy.
爱因斯坦想象宇宙是一张♥平♥滑的毯
Einstein imagined the Universe as a flat sheet,
无限延伸
stretching out to infinity.
但不表示它不能是有限的
But there's no reason it can't also be finite
而且是头尾相接卷起来的
and curled up on itself.
吉恩·皮埃尔感觉他能解释这种
Jean-Pierre realized he might be able to tell the difference
关于有限和无限宇宙之间的区别
between a finite and infinite Universe
想象宇宙是一个巨大的乐器
by thinking of the cosmos as a giant musical instrument.
宇宙微波背景辐射
The cosmic microwave background image
显示出宇宙在130亿年前的情况
shows us the Universe the way it was 13.7 billion years ago --
大爆♥炸♥的余波使得炽热的流体震动
a hot liquid vibrating with aftershocks of the Big Bang,
就像浴缸里的涟漪
like water rippling in a bathtub.
所以，某些方面来说
So in some way,
宇宙震动起来像钢琴或鼓
the Universe vibrated like a piano or like a drum.
举例来说，这就是宇宙大爆♥炸♥
So, for instance, this is equivalent for the Big Bang.
这是复杂交织的大合唱，对吗？
It's a complicated mixture of many harmonics, okay?
现在我们有基本的和声
And now we have the fundamental harmonics,
来定调
which gives the pitch.
然后，另外一些像这样的和声
And after, the other harmonics are like this.
再多一些
And so on, okay?
所以，我们听到的是全局声音
So, the full sound that we can listen to
混合了所有这些和声
is a mixture of all these harmonics.
但你能听到的和声数量
But the number of harmonics you can hear