与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E09

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 2:37 p.m.

this speed at which computers process instructions
已经提高了10万多倍
has increased more than 100,000 times.
如今花上1千美元你能够买♥♥到的电脑
Today, for $1,000, you can buy a computer
可以这么说其思维能力
that has, if you will, the thinking capability --
至少是一只蜥蜴的计算能力了
or at least the computational capability of a lizard.
并非那么有趣
Not so interesting.
但是到了2020年或2025年1千美元能卖♥♥给你的笔记本
But by 2020 or 2025, $1,000 will buy you a laptop
将会具有与人脑相同的计算能力
that has the same computational power as a human brian.
人工大脑的智商
The I.Q.S of artificial brains
从0发展到200
are going from zero to 200
只走过了历史的瞬间
in the historic blink of an eye.
类似的轨迹在一颗星球上是如何表现
How would a similar trajectory play out
在我们面前只有500年呢？
on a planet that is a mere 500 years ahead of us?
关于人工智能的有趣之处
The interesting thing about artificial intelligence,
当然就是它的进化步伐
of course, is its pace of evolution.
我是说我们恪守达尔文的进化论
I mean, we're stuck with Darwinian evolution,
但机器却不会
but the machines wouldn't be.
这意味着如果你要开♥发♥思维机器
What it means is that if you develop a thinking machine,
它将会自我提升得非常非常快
it's going to improve itself very, very quickly.
1948年数学家约翰·冯·诺依曼
In 1948, mathematician John Von Neumann
料定机器会非常聪慧
imagined a machine so intelligent
它能够复♥制♥自我
it could make copies of itself.
每个副本都会对原先的模型进行改进
Each copy would improve on the previous model,
就好比大自然在不断改进其设计
much as nature continually improves on its designs.
但是这种机器的进化将会发生得
But this machine's evolution would take place much faster
比生物进化快许多
than biological evolution.
如今冯·诺依曼机器以原生态存在着
Today, Von Neumann machines exist in crude form.
在比我们这里发达的星球上
On a planet more advanced than our own,
它们是否可能会是最智慧的生命形式
could they be the most intelligent life-form,
占统治地位的生命形式么？
the dominant life-form?
我们的首次接触是否会是
Will our first contact be
超级智能机器间的竞赛呢？
with a race of super-intelligent machines?
你只会听到来自
You're only gonna hear from a species
至少聪慧如我们的物种的声音
that's at least as clever as we are.
那么有可能它们在50到100年里处于
So, what are the odds that they're within 50 or 100 years
我们的发展水平么？
of our level of development?
相当渺茫
Pretty slim.
它们有可能在上万数百万
They're likely to be thousands, millions,
甚至更多年领先于我们
maybe even more years ahead of us.
所以你若是思量片刻
So, if you think about that for a moment,
你就会承认如果我们发现了信♥号♥♥
you recognize that if we do find a signal,
运气太好了
the odds are pretty good
那信♥号♥♥是来自人工智能
that that signal's coming from artificial intelligence,
而不是那些柔弱的丑不拉几的长着大眼睛的小家伙
not some soft, squishy, little gray guy with big eyeballs.
在一些遥远的行星上
On some distant planet,
生命之书可能已不再包括任何生命形式了
the book of life may no longer contain any biological forms.
如果机械生命已足够强大
And if mechanical life has enough power,
那么就已不再限制它能够变得有多大和多复杂了
there's no limit to how large or complex it can become.
或许它们已自我改组了
Or maybe they've reorganized themselves
以至于它们能够在许多物种成员中
so that they can share the thinking load
分享思想负担了
amongst many members of the species,
好比是计算机的分布处理
like distributed processing with computers.
我的意思是外星人为什么要满足于
I mean, why should the aliens be content
局限在刚好能够装进
to be stuck with a kind of intelligence
它们头脑的那种智能呢？
that can fit inside their heads?
外星进化
Alien evolution
可以产生出充满生机的机器星球
could produce a living machine planet
脉动着数十亿个外星人头脑
throbbing with the combined intelligence
所组合起来的智慧
of billions of alien minds.
如果如此发达的生命存在那我们怎么会认出它呢？
If such advanced life exists, how would we spot it?
我们究竟该咋办呢？
And should we even want to?
外星人会当朋友欢迎我们么
Will aliens welcome us as friends
还是视我们为威胁呢？
or view us as threats?
抑或视地球为征服之地呢？
Or perhaps see Earth as a world to conquer?
我们搞不清楚外星人的模样
We wonder what aliens look like,
但我们对它们的模样又是什么呢？
but what do we look like to them?
这个女人已经将她自己放进了它们的头脑
This woman has put herself inside their heads,
她认为她已经有了答案
and she believes she has the answer.
人类只要仰望夜空
As long as humans have looked up at the night sky,
就想知道外面是否有什么或有谁
we have wondered whether something or someone out there
在回看
is looking back.
我们想知道外星人是何模样
We want to know what aliens look like.
我们又是何模样对外星人的呢？
What do we look like to aliens?
如果有智能生命在那里
If there is intelligent life out there,
地球是否貌似值得一游的地方呢？
does the Earth look like a place worth visiting?
2008年5月29日
May 29, 2008.
太空3100万英里处
31 million miles out in space,
一个科技发达种族的眼睛
the eyes of a technologically advanced race
扫描我们的星球寻找生命的签名
scan our planet for the signatures of life.
不是外星人但这仍然是非同寻常的
Not aliens, but this was still a close encounter
近距离接触
of an extraordinary kind.
它是航♥天♥局的太空探测器EPOXI
It was the NASA space probe Epoxi.
发送回彗星的特写
Sent out to get closeups of comets,
EPOXI短暂将镜头对准了它的母星
Epoxi briefly turned its lens back to its mother planet.
第一遭
And for the first time,
我们看地球就如外星人可能看我们那样
we saw the Earth as aliens might see us.
天体物理学家萨拉·西格是EPOXI小组的一员
Astrophysicist Sara Seager was part of the Epoxi team.
萨拉平时研究日外行星
Sara normally studies exoplanets,
搜寻外星大气层
looking for clues
和生态系统的线索
about alien atmospheres and ecosystems.
EPOXI探测器给了她机会去发现
The Epoxi probe gave her the chance to find out
地球给外星天文学家可能的模样
what Earth might look like to an alien astronomer.
如果你假装你对地球一无所知
If you pretend you know nothing about Earth,
那你将如何去认识地球呢？
what could you learn about Earth?
外星人可能会分辨出地球的自转速度
An alien would be able to pick out Earth's rotation rate.
它们可能会注意
They would be able to notice
我们具有极有差异的反射面
that we have surfaces of very different reflectivity --
那是云层陆地及海洋
that's cloud, land, and ocean.
它们还能看到我们有天气
And they could also see that we have weather.
它们会看到的变化
They would see variability
与地球自转速度无关
that isn't related to the rotation rate of Earth.
EPOXI所做的第二件事是观察地球的光谱
The second thing Epoxi did was look at a spectrum of Earth --
那就是取白光
that is, take the white light
将其劈成各种颜色
and split it up into the different colors
来检视是否有什么颜色不见了
and to check and see if any of those colors were missing.
我们称其为光谱
We call that a spectrum.
地球颜色的频谱
The spectrum of Earth's colors
就像是一面旗帜
are like a flag
宣布了我们星球上存在有生命
announcing the presence of life on our planet.
大海之蓝云层之白
The blue of the oceans, the white of the clouds,
大地之绿
the green of the land
全都是生机勃勃的生态系统的标记
are all markers of an active ecosystem.
如果一个外星人从远处眺望我们
If an alien is looking back at us from far away,
外星人会看到
the aliens would see
我们大气层里有氧
that we have oxygen in the atmosphere.
事实上我们的大气层里有20%的氧气量
In fact, our atmosphere has 20% oxygen by volume.
迷人之处就在于没有生命
What's so fascinating is that, without life,
我们的地球基本上就要少100亿倍的氧
our Earth would have basically 10 billion times less oxygen.
这样一来氧气就基本上在地球上不存在了
So, oxygen would be essentially non-existent on Earth.
地球上的氧来源于生命
And oxygen on Earth is created by life,
所以那些外星人就会知道如此大量的氧
so those aliens would know that oxygen in such large quantities
不应该存在于我们的大气层里
should not be in our atmosphere
除非源源不断来源于什么东西
unless it is being continually produced by something.
我们从地球物理学知道没有什么
And nothing that we know of in geophysics
能够产生出如此多的氧气
can produce so much oxygen.
那就是为什么我们将其归属于生命
And that's why we attribute it to life.
外星人可能看到我们的星球支持生命
Aliens might see that our planet supports life,
但它们或许没有看到
but they might not see
地球是科技先进的
that Earth is technologically advanced.
它们得仔细观观察
They would have to look carefully
进行检测诸如大气污染