与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E03

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

玻璃破碎血肉横飞
breaking glass, blood splattering.
这就是宇宙熵
These are all processes
增大的整个过程
that increase the entropy of the Universe.
加在一起所有这些熵的增大
Together, all of these increases of entropy
就界定了时间之箭
define the arrow of time.
问题是
The question is,
为何熵在一开始时会如此之低呢？
why was the entropy so low to begin with?
我们的宇宙失去了平衡
Our Universe seems to be out of balance.
遥远的未来
The far, far future
将会是个非常非常混乱的地方
is going to be a very, very disorganized place,
但是遥远的过去却是高度有序的
but the far, far past was highly organized.
作为物理学家这种不稳定确实令我们烦恼
As physicists, this kind of imbalance really bugs us.
肖恩在寻求能解释
Sean looked for an explanation
这种时间的不稳定
of this imbalance of time,
他发现它就在多元宇宙中
and he found it in the multiverse.
根据这个理论我们所看到的宇宙
According to this theory, the Universe we see
可以是无限个宇宙中的一个
could be one of an infinite number of Universes.
设想有一个妈咪宇宙
Imagine a mommy Universe.
那么这个妈咪宇宙
So, this mommy Universe
基本上可以生出宇宙宝贝来
can essentially give birth to baby Universes.
一个小小的量子波动
A little quantum fluctuation
可以产生一个空间泡沫开始很小然后长大
can make a bubble of space that starts small and then grows --
开始是熵很低然后熵不断增大
starts with low entropy and then increases in entropy,
就像我们的宇宙这般
just like our Universe does.
这样妈咪宇宙
So, a mother Universe
就生出了一个我们这样的宇宙
gives birth to a Universe like ours --
一个时间箭头一直往前的宇宙
a Universe where the arrow of time moves forward.
但要保持平衡
But to stay in balance,
它还得生出一个镜像宇宙
it also has to give birth to a mirror-image Universe,
在其中时间是倒♥退♥的
where time moves backward.
这意味着站在其它一些角度上
This means that in some other dimension,
我们的宇宙有一个邪恶双胞胎
our Universe has an evil twin.
每一个泡沫都是独自的宇宙带有自己的时间箭头
Every bubble is its own Universe with its own arrow of time.
在每个泡沫中时间箭头似乎无暇可击
Within each bubble, the arrow of time seems fine,
但若是你相互比较不同的泡沫
but if you compare different bubbles to each other,
时间箭头将会是指向相反的方向
the arrows will be pointing in opposite directions.
肖恩的多元宇宙理论
Sean's multiverse theory
自推出以来就广受关注
has attracted a lot of attention since it was introduced.
但那会被证明是时间之谜的
But will it prove to be the ultimate solution
最终解决方案么？
to the mystery of time?
这个部分取得进展的物理学称
Well, part of making progress in physics is saying,
说不定这是真的？说不定那是真的？
"What if this is true? What if that is true?"
有时在你说“说不定”的时候
And sometimes when you say "What if?"
你会意识到，“噢，做出那个假设的一跳
You realize, "Oh, making that hypothetical leap
确实有助于我们解决我们所有的这些问题”
really helps us with all these problems we're having."
而在其他时候它只是给你个烂摊子
Other times, it just gets you in a mess.
量子力学和多元宇宙理论
Quantum mechanics and the multiverse theory
给了我们解决时间之谜困扰的有趣方法
give us interesting ways to grapple with the riddle of time.
我们把弦论掺合进去后又会发生什么情况呢？
What happens when we add string theory into the mix?
天灵灵地灵灵
Serious weirdness.
时间之谜有许多潜在的解决方案
The mystery of time has many possible solutions --
时间是绝对的或是相对的
time is absolute or it is relative;
时间是假象
time is an illusion
或者它是熵的实实在在的产物
or it is the very real product of entropy.
但是还有另外一个可能性
But there is one other possibility --
有个想法挑战了我们
an idea that challenges our assumptions
关于昨日今日明日的假定
about yesterday, today, and tomorrow.
对我们来说时间的流动似乎是从左到右
To us, time seems to flow from left to right,
但它若是还上下流动呢？
but what if it also goes up and down?
若是时间像空间一样有不止一个维度
What if time, like space, has more than one dimension --
有我们看不到的隐匿的维度呢？
a hidden dimension that we can't see?
史蒂夫·温斯坦周界物理研究所的一位科学家
Steve Weinstein, a scientist at the Perimeter Institute,
认为这有可能是真的
thinks it could be true
它有可能解决另外一大谜团
and that it may solve another great mystery --
量子不确定性之谜
the riddle of quantum uncertainty.
史蒂夫是物理学家哲学家
Steve is a physicist, philosopher,
专业音乐家
and professional musician.
他眼中的时间出自
His view of time grows out of
数学最为集中的科学思想之一
one of the most mathematically dense ideas in science --
弦论
string theory.
弦论家认为
String theorists believe
空间并不止我们所见到的三个维度
that space has more than the three dimensions we see.
这就引得史蒂夫去思考
This got Steve to thinking
同样的思想也可以用在时间上
that the same idea could be applied to time.
我想这个
I thought, "well,
为什么我们加给空间的维度如此慷慨
"Why do we multiply spatial dimensions so freely,
而不给时间呢？
"but not time?
告诉你有什么好理由么？
"And, you know, is there any good reason?"
所以这里存在一点好奇
So there was a sort of curiosity there.
史蒂夫开始行动了
Steve set to work.
时间一直被视为线状
Time has always been treated as a line --
一维的东西
a one-dimensional thing.
但如果时间具有两个维度那时间就不是线状的了
But if time has two dimensions, then time isn't a line.
它具有形状
It's a shape.
你不妨看看这条长长的吉他电线
If you look at this guitar cable from far away,
看上去就像是一维的物体
it looks like a one-dimensional object.
它看上去就像是一条线
It just looks like a line.
你若是凑近
If you get up close,
你可以看到它有另一个维度
you can see that it has another dimension,
这必定涉及到电线的圆周
which has to do with the circumference of the cable.
它就像是个圆柱体
It's like a cylinder.
我们的世界看上去是三维的
Our world looks three-dimensional
同样这条长长的电线
in the same way that this cable from far away
看起来是一维的
looks one-dimensional.
根据史蒂夫的说法如果时间有另外的维度
According to Steve, if time has an extra dimension,
那么基本粒子如电子质子
then fundamental particles like electrons and photons
就会肆意穿越时间
are smeared across time.
描述粒子的普通方式
So, an ordinary way of describing a particle
就是讨论它在
would be to talk about its position
任何时刻的位置
at any moment in time.
粒子或琴拨可以在这里，或这里
So the particle, or the pick, could be here or here
或这里，或这里，或这里
or here or here or here or here.
所以我如果要制♥作♥图表
So, if I were to graph that
我把时间作为纵轴
and I had the time as a vertical axis,
我就只能一直往上
I would just draw that.
现在如果你有另外的时间维度
Now, if you have an extra time dimension,
你可以想象时间维度
you might visualize the time dimension
垂直于琴颈
perpendicular to the guitar neck,
在这个方向
in this direction.
粒子就可以
The particle could be --
可以在这里
it might be here,
可以在这里可以到那里
and it might be here, and it might be over here.
换句话说
To put it another way,
量子理论告诉我们亚原子粒子
quantum theory tells us that subatomic particles
在空间居无定所
don't have definite addresses in space.
我们只能猜测它们可能的住所
We can only guess where they probably live.
史蒂夫怀疑它们得有住所
Steve suspects they do have addresses,
但那些住所沿着
but those addresses are spread out
时间额外的维度展开出去
across an extra dimension of time
我们无法侦测到
that we can't detect.
如是真的这将颠覆物理学
If true, this revolutionizes physics.
模糊的量子世界将突然一清二楚了
The fuzzy quantum world suddenly snaps into focus.
遗憾的是
But unfortunately,
证明二维时间是真实的
proving two-dimensional time is real
或许是几乎不可能的
may be next to impossible.
首先它很难理解
For one thing, it's not easy to understand,
甚至对其他物理学家
even for other physicists.
描述宇宙所需的数学
The math required to describe a Universe
用于两个时间维度上实在难懂
with two dimensions of time is difficult.
对于弦论的九个空间维度
Add in the nine spatial dimensions of string theory,