与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S02E03

Part 4 April 19, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

一个20世纪60年代的数学习题
a mathematical exercise from the 1960s
它试图协调爱因斯坦的相对论
that sought to reconcile Einstein's relativity
与量子力学这两者
with quantum mechanics.
怪事就发生在你做此事时
A strange thing happens when you do this.
你在方程式左边没有表示时间的“T”
You're left with an equation that has no "T" for time.
因为运算与观察到的现实背道而驰
Since this runs counter to observable reality,
多数人认为方程式进一步证明了
most saw the equation as further proof
量子物理与相对论
that quantum physics and relativity theory
无法和谐相处
don't play well together.
然而对朱利安来说这是个启示
But to Julian, it was a revelation.
量子力学并无独特的历史
There is no unique history in quantum mechanics.
若是有证据
And if the evidence
出自将量子力学与
from the attempts to combine quantum mechanics
爱因斯坦的广义相对论合并起来的尝试是正确的话
with Einstein's general relativity is right,
那就根本没有时间
there is no time at all.
因此在最深层次的现实中
So at the deepest level of reality,
时间并不存在
time doesn't exist.
问题是物体是如何相互协调相处在
What matters is how objects relate to each other
空间的凝固画面中的呢
in freeze frames of space.
我眼中的宇宙
My view of the Universe --
就像是一大堆快照
it's just like a huge collection of snapshots
经过了极其丰富的编排
which are immensely, richly structured.
它们彼此没有任何沟通
They're not in any communication with each other.
它们的世界各自为政
They're worlds unto themselves.
然而每个世界都丰富多彩
But each world is so rich
就是可以这么说是这个世界的一部分
that it's, so to speak, part of this world.
快照里有快照
It's snapshots within snapshots.
这其实就是我们生命的意义
This is really what our life is about.
我们的大脑收集这些凝固的时刻
Our brains assemble these frozen moments
在我们的脑海里播放
and play them in our minds
同样那些静态的照片
the same way that still photographs
每秒24帧播放
played at 24 frames per second
使得你现在所看到的图像似乎动了起来
make the images you're watching now seem to move.
然而什么都没动
But nothing is moving.
我们所谓的时间是一种假象
What we call "time" is an illusion.
在某些深刻的意义上
In some very deep sense,
宇宙量子宇宙
the Universe, the quantum universe,
只不过是静态的
is just static.
没有变化
Nothing changes.
按朱利安的说法
And according to Julian,
所有这些宇宙快照
all of these snapshots of the Universe
是同时存在的
exist simultaneously.
如果我说我的昨天已不复存在
If I were to say that my yesterday no longer exists,
那就像是13号♥说11号♥已经死了
it would be like the number 13 saying that 11 has died.
数学家视其为荒谬
Mathematicians would regard that as ridiculous.
这个片刻非常重要非常生动
This instant is so vital and so alive,
但某种程度它又是永恒的
but in a way, it's eternal.
此时你将它翻译成数学
This when you translate that into mathematics,
它就是永恒的
it's eternal.
朱利安·巴伯的时间观可能听上去很激进
Julian Barbour's view of time may sound radical,
然而它得到了物理学界的认真对待
but it's taken very seriously by the physics community,
这并不意味着大家都同意他的说法
which doesn't mean everyone agrees with him.
远非如此
Far from it.
朱利安的挚友李·施莫林
Julian's close friend Lee Smolin
还是他的最大的批评家之一
is also one of his biggest critics.
时间不是假象
Time is not an illusion.
时间不是构建
Time is not a construction.
时间不是突现
Time is not emergent.
时间是实实在在的
Time really is real.
时间是假象的概念
The idea that time is an illusion
引发了物理学上的内战
has ignited a civil war in physics --
同室操戈
a war that pits friend against friend.
时间是我们创造的用来理解宇宙的假象么？
Is time an illusion we create to make sense of the Universe?
神经学家和物理学家称它有可能是这样的
Neurologists and physicists say it might be so.
但还有一个阵营称我们不能忽视
But there's another camp that says we can't ignore
我们的感知和观察所告诉我们的
what our senses and observations tell us,
时间确实存在
that time really does exist.
按这种观点
In this view,
我们感受的世界是时光流逝
we experience the world as a flow of moments
因为那就是大自然的运作
because that's the way nature is.
时光流逝是基本的道理
Passage of time is a basic truth
事实上或许是宇宙中的一大实情
and, in fact, may be the one true thing in the Universe.
蒂姆·莫大林是罗格斯大学的
Tim Maudlin is a philosopher of physics
物理学哲学家
at Rutgers University.
要说时光流逝真是个假象
To say that the passage of time is really an illusion
表明那并非真的是那个样子
suggests that it's not really, really the case
我一直都在变老
that I'm getting older all the time,
我该担心我的辞世每天
that I should be worried that my death is, every day,
有朝一日死到临头等等
one day closer to me and so on.
不过我简直就不能相信
But I just can't believe that.
我试着去努力但我不能相信
As hard as I try, I can't believe it,
它并不适合我所生活的世界
and it doesn't fit with the world I live in.
对蒂姆来说
For Tim,
这只是时间存在的常识
it is just common sense that time exists.
那为什么有些物理学家否认它呢？
So, why do some physicists deny it?
蒂姆认为这是职业病
Tim thinks it's an occupational hazard
与数学打交道就是这样
of working with math.
我们物理学中的表述都是数学
Our representations in physics are all mathematical,
数学对象并不在乎时间
and mathematical objects are not in time.
数学对象并不变化
Mathematical objects don't change.
所以若是你与数字打太多的交道
So, if you work too much with numbers
数字是不会变化的
and numbers don't change
你用它来代表世界
and you're using that to represent the world,
似乎就很难看到
it might seem hard to see
世界本身在如何变化
how the world itself can really be changing.
人们似乎被这种概念难住了
People seem to be stuck on the idea
即世界具有数学特性
that the world has the features
这被用来表述它
of the mathematics that they use to represent it.
那就让人们
That allowed people
痴迷于他们的数学
to get carried away with their mathematics
而无视物理世界
and lose sight of the physical world.
朱利安·巴伯认为
Julian Barbour believes
空间是明摆着的而时间则是假象
space is all there is and time is an illusion.
蒂姆说朱利安全都错了
Tim says Julian has got it all wrong.
我们需要时间但我们不需要空间
We need time, but we don't need space.
我们可以让空间无关紧要
We can make space not fundamental,
但时间要保持根本性
but time remains fundamental.
必定不存在什么能比得过时间的
There doesn't have to be anything more than time,
反之是行不通的
and you can't do it the other way around.
你得先有空间然后才有时间
You have to start with space and then get time.
所以时间是最基本的东西
So, time is at the very bottom level.
我甚至觉得这就是物理学所告诉我们的
I think even this is what the physics is telling us,
尽管我们对其没有表现出足够的关注
although we haven't been paying enough attention to it.
是空间先出现呢
Did space come first...
还是时间先出现呢？
Or did time come first?
这个争论一直倒回到
This argument leads all the way back
我们宇宙的突然诞生
to the explosive birth of our Universe --
大爆♥炸♥
the Big Bang.
物理学家同意大爆♥炸♥开辟了空间
Physicists agree that the Big Bang created space.
他们不同意它是否也创造了时间
They don't agree on whether it also created time.
物理学和哲学里有许多人
There's a lot of people in physics and philosophy
认为时间是假象
who think that time is an illusion,
真理是什么
that what's really true
在最深层面上的永恒的
at the deepest, deepest level is timeless,
是超越时间
is outside of time.
我可不那么认为
And I don't believe that.
我曾经那么认为过
I used to believe that,
但我后来认为
but I've come to believe
时间是千真万确的现实
that time is really, really real.
李·斯莫林认为
Lee Smolin believes