英国铁路纪行（2010）

1840年，一个人改变了英国的旅行方式。
In 1840, one man transformed travel in Britain.
他名叫乔治·布拉德肖，他的铁路指南激励维多利亚时代的人们踏上铁轨之旅。
His name was George Bradshaw and his railway guides inspired the Victorians to take to the tracks.
他逐站告知人们该去哪里旅行、看什么景点、住什么地方。
Stop by stop, he told them where to travel, what to see and where to stay.
170年后的今天，我将横跨英国南北东西，
Now, 170 years later, I'm making four long journeys across the length and breadth of the country
探寻布拉德肖笔下英国的遗存。
to see what remains of Bradshaw's Britain.
今天我将离开德比郡的绿色峰区，
Today I'm leaving the green peaks of Derbyshire
前往该郡的工业腹地，
for the county's industrial heartland,
探访工业革命的发源地，
travelling to the very origins of the industrial revolution,
那些被制♥造♥业改造的城镇，
to towns and cities that were transformed by manufacturing,
其中许多是因铁路而兴起。
many of them created by the railways.
沿途我将探访世界上最古老的运营工厂...
Along the way I'll be visiting the oldest working factory in the world...
英格兰制♥造♥。
Made in England.
这让你自豪吗？当然。这正是我们乐见的。
Does that make you proud? Yes. That's what we like to see.
我将从繁忙都市生活中抽身...
I'll be escaping from busy city life...
我们认为这是英国首个公共公园，建于1840年。
We think it's Britain's first public park, laid out in 1840.
还将揭秘伯顿啤酒被誉为最佳的原因。
And I'll be discovering why Burton's beer is said to be the best.
桶内熟成两周，酒馆存放一周...
Two weeks conditioning in the cask, a week in the pub...
十分钟喝完。你喝得真慢！
And ten minutes to drink. You're a slow drinker!
伯顿啤酒。伯顿啤酒。伯顿啤酒。
Pivo Burtonski. Pivo Burtonski. Pivo Burtonski.
本周我将全程从巴克斯顿出发，
All this week I'm travelling from Buxton,
沿英格兰最早的铁路线之一行进。
along one of the earliest railway routes in England.
每天都会停靠布拉德肖指南推荐的城镇...
Each day I'll be stopping at towns and cities recommended in my Bradshaw's guide...
直至终点站伦敦。
..until I reach the end of the line in London.
从马特洛克巴斯出发，今天将沿轨道行进30英里经德比，
Having started from Matlock Bath, today I'll be covering the next 30 miles along the track via Derby
前往特伦特河畔伯顿。
and onwards to Burton-on-Trent.
但第一站是克伦福德。
But my first stop is Cromford.
如今这座美丽的二级保护车站坐落在田园诗般的乡间。
Nowadays, the beautiful Grade II listed station is set in a rural idyll.
早上好。你好。
Good morning. Hi.
能介绍一下月台上那栋漂亮的房♥子吗？
Can you tell me anything about that beautiful house on the platform?
这是老站房♥，曾是车站候车室。现在呢？
It's the old station house that used to be the waiting room for the railway station. And what is it now?
现在是民宿。真是个美丽的车站。
It's a guest house now. It's a beautiful station.
每小时只有两班列车。
There are just two trains an hour.
但在布拉德肖时代，这里是工业革命最重要的城镇之一。
But in Bradshaw's day this was one of the Industrial Revolution's most important towns.
克伦福德这座修复精美的车站
This beautifully restored railway station at Cromford
在历史上具有重要地位。
has a very important part in history.
如布拉德肖所说："1771年阿克莱特在此建立第一座工厂。"
As Bradshaw says, "Here, Arkwright set up his first mill in 1771."
再没有哪句简短的话能包含如此重要的历史了。
Really never was so much important history crammed into such a small half sentence as that.
理查德·阿克莱特在克伦福德建造了多座工厂，开创了现代工厂制度。
Richard Arkwright built several mills at Cromford, in which he developed the modern factory system.
这种新工作模式很快在全英复♥制♥。
It was a new way of working, that was soon copied all over Britain.
第一座是水力纺纱厂。
The first was a water-powered cotton-spinning mill.
就是这里，
And this is it,
世界上第一家工厂。
the first factory in the world.
因为此前棉纺业的人们
Because before this, people in the cotton industry
都在自家进行纺纱织布——家庭手工业。
had done their spinning and weaving in their own houses - the cottage industries.
阿克莱特将其集中到一个屋檐下，
Now Arkwright brings it all together under one roof,
以水力驱动，
powered by water,
形成工厂。
in a factory.
难以置信240年前还没有工厂。
Quite incredible to think that, 240 years ago, there were no factories.
工业化的起点就在这里。
This is beginning of industrialisation, right here.
阿克莱特的新工厂能快速处理大量布料。
In his new factories, Arkwright could process huge quantities of cloth very quickly.
德文特河提供了廉价动力来源。
And the River Derwent provided a cheap power supply.
克伦福德村出乎我的预料。
The village of Cromford is not what I expected.
比想象中更美。
It's much prettier.
不像是工业革命的核心地带。
It doesn't seem like the place that would be the heart of the Industrial Revolution.
但细想之下，阿克莱特在此建厂
But now I think about it, Arkwright established his mill here
既因需要水力，也因家族住在威尔斯利城♥堡♥。
partly because he needed the water and partly because his family lived at the local castle, Willesley.
我看到水力应用实例——水域尽头仍在运转的水车。
I can see an example of water power still operating, a water mill at the far end of this stretch of water.
阿克莱特工厂现为博物馆。
Arkwright's factory is a now a museum.
但附近有世界上最古老的运营工厂。
But nearby is the world's oldest factory still in use.
1784年由阿克莱特的财务总监彼得·南丁格尔创建，
It was set up in 1784 by Arkwright's finance director, Peter Nightingale,
他是弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的亲戚。
a relative of Florence Nightingale.
其商业伙伴是约翰·史沫特莱先生。
His business partner was a Mr John Smedley.
早上好。
Good morning.
充满历史感的房♥间。你好。
Very historic room. Hello.
我是迈克尔·波蒂略。你好。幸会。感谢接待。很高兴见到你。
I'm Michael Portillo. Hello. Nice to meet you. Thanks for joining us. Great to see you.
伊恩·麦克莱恩是他的后代。
'Ian McClean is one of his descendants.
史沫特莱家族在此生产针织品已逾两个世纪。'
'The Smedley family has been producing knitwear here for over two centuries.'
这里历史底蕴深厚。
This is incredibly historic.
外墙标注的年份是？1784年。
What's the date outside? 1784.
比阿克莱特工厂晚13年。没错。
So, just 13 years after Arkwright. That's right.
阿克莱特建了首座工厂，接着另有两座，我们是第四家。
So Arkwright was the first mill to be built, then there were two others, and we were the fourth.
其他工厂早已倒闭，
Now the others are long since out of business,
这使我们成为世界上最古老的制♥造♥企业。
and that makes us the oldest manufacturing business in the world.
多年来工厂不断扩建，现在如同迷宫。
Of course the factory's been added to so many times over the years that it makes it almost like a rabbit warren.
有时很难辨清方向。议会大厦也是这样。
It's quite difficult to find your way around sometimes. Parliament is just the same.
我在那里20年，临离职时也只认得一成区域。
I was there 20 years and I think by the end of it I only knew about a tenth of it.
这里看起来很有年代感。
This looks pretty ancient through here.
我带你看1784年的原始厂房♥，
I'll show you the original 1784 mill building,
它隐藏在工厂建筑群中。1784年，难以置信对吧？
which is a little bit hidden within the structure of the factory. 1784, that is incredible, isn't it?
是的。那正是工业革命初期。没错。
Yes. That's right back at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Yeah.
1784年还没有铁路。是的。
The railways weren't here in 1784. No, that's right.
所以铁路不是企业发展的关键。1776年先有了运河。
So the railway's weren't fundamental to the development of this business. The canals came first, in 1776.
第一条铁路1831年才通到这里。
And then the first railway came in 1831.
通到哪里？
To where?
克伦福德的高峰枢纽站。铁路对业务增长至关重要。
High Peak Junction at Cromford. I think it was integral to the growth of the business.
1830年代铁路的到来改变了当地工业。
The arrival of the railway in the 1830s transformed industry here.
高峰线让本地工厂能将货物运往全国。
The High Peak line allowed local factories to transport goods all over the country.
这边是历史区，那边是现代区，我们看看历史部分...
So this is history and this is modernity here, so if we look in the historic part...
是指这里作为博物馆保留吗？不完全是。
Do you mean literally, you keep this as a museum? No, not at all.
这些都是正在生产服装的运转机器。
These are very much working machines which make the garments that we sell.
每台机器负责服装的不同部件，这台做衣领，
What they do is they make individual pieces of the garments, so one machine will make the collar,
那台做前片，另一台做后片，
another will make the front and another will make the back,
还有机器负责袖口罗纹。
and then another machine will make the rib that goes around the arm.
再由熟练工人手工拼接这些部件。
And then very skilled hand workers will then link, by hand, those pieces of the garment together.
我们仿佛正在跨越...
It really does look as though we are looking from...
没错，我们正在跨越世纪。
Well, we are looking from one century to another.
正是如此。
That's right. Absolutely.
这边的机器采用最新技术。
These machines through here are the very latest technology.
2006年引进新型机器后，
When the newest machines were introduced in 2006,
实现了服装一体成型。
it became possible to make garments in one whole piece.
这种无缝服装极其舒适。
These seamless clothes are meant to be exceptionally comfortable.
重要的是每当新技术出现，
I think what's important is that whenever a new technology comes along,
我们总是首批采用者。
we're one of the first people to use it.
没考虑过把生产全搬到中国吗？
And you're not tempted to go off and do it all in China?
绝对没有。我们看重英格兰制♥造♥的价值。
Absolutely not. No, no. We see the value of manufacturing in England.
服装品质部分归功于当地泉水的洗涤。
The quality of the clothing is, in part, thanks to being washed in local spring water.
这里水质异常柔软，赋予棉料丝滑触感。
It's unusually soft in this area and gives the cotton a silky feel.
这些是毛衣和上衣等。
So here these are sweaters and tops and so on.
对。但你们也以长内衣闻名。是的。
Yep. But you're also famous for long johns. That's right, yes.
据说长内衣就是在这里发明的...
It's said that this is where long johns were invented...
早上好。早上好。
Morning. Morning.
你好。早上好。
How are you? Good morning.
以伊恩的祖先约翰·史沫特莱命名。
..named after Ian's ancestor, John Smedley.
家族企业有什么特别感受吗？
Is there a special feel to being in a family business?
当然有。不仅我们家族是所有者，还有许多员工
Yes, of course. It is not just my family, being the owners, but there are many generations of people
世代在此工作。
who have worked in the factory for us.
早上好。你好。
Good morning. Hello there.
早上好。你们好。哪位是朱莉？
Good morning. How are you all? Which one is Julie?
我是。朱莉你好，我是迈克尔。
I am. Julie, hello. I'm Michael.
你好吗？很好谢谢。你在这里工作多久了？
How do you do? Fine, thank you. Have you been long in the business?
朱莉是四代人都以此为生的员工之一。
'Julie is one such employee whose family has made its living around this factory for four generations.'
我祖母曾在这里工作。
My grandma worked here.
我姐姐工作过一段时间。
My sister worked here for a while.
我女儿。我儿子现在也还在这里工作。
My daughter. My son, who does still actually work here, as well.
还有其他女工也有类似家族背景吗？有的。
Are there any other ladies who also have family going back like yours? Yeah.
不清楚祖辈情况，但仅这个车间就有母女三人、
I don't know about the grandparents but actually in this room alone, we have got a mother and a daughter.
三姐妹和另一对姐妹。完全是个家族企业。
We've got three sisters. Then we've got another set of two sisters. That's just in this room, so...
确实是家族氛围浓厚的企业。
It is quite a family orientated business, definitely.
你具体负责什么工作？
And what is it that you're actually doing?
我的工作是为服装缝制"约翰·史沫特莱-英格兰制♥造♥"的后领标。
My job is I actually put the back knit labels in, which is the "John Smedley - Made in England."