宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E10

Part 1 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

In the beginning, there was darkness...and then...
天地初开，一片昏暗
接下来，一声巨响
BANG! Giving birth to anendless expanding existence
诞生了一个崭新的宇宙空间
of time, space and matter.
现在，这些已经超过了我们的梦想
Now, see further than we've ever imaginedbeyond the limits of our existence,
我们在这个美丽的舞台上，展现我们的活动
我们把它叫做宇宙
in a place we call...THE UNIVERSE.
在天空中看到的每一颗星星
Each star you seetwinkling in the night sky,
都会在夜空里一闪一闪的眨眼
is luminous sphere of superheated gas,
爆发量的气体大的热量
much larger than any planet.
比任何一个星球都要大
And each has a story to tell.
每一颗都有一个故事
一颗美丽的生命诞生在宇宙的边缘
A dramatic birth,
a life on the edge.
Gravity collects the starin the first place,
开始看到星星划过天空
and then gravity wantsto crush it.
引力让它们相互撞击
最后在引力的作用下消亡
And a death that rattlesthe heavens.
整个过程就这样完成了
The whole thing goes offin a blinding flash,
the biggest explosionin the Universe.
宇宙中巨大的爆♥炸♥
宇宙，受到它们巨大的影响
The Universe at its most volatileand action-packed...
浴火重生的行星
Life and Death of a Star.
片名宇宙一一一浴火重生的行星
就像是在沙漠中的城市里一样
Like glittering citiesin the desert,
行星是宇宙中最黑暗的角落
galaxies arise out of thegreat darkness of the Universe.
星系是由很多闪耀的宇宙灰尘
Galaxies made of billions ofblazing lights called stars.
它们被叫做星星
有上百万的星星
There are billionsand billions of stars.
In fact, in our galaxy there are400 billion stars,
实际上我们的星系里有四千万的星星l霍利?吉尔伯托l莱斯大学
just in our galaxy.
还只算我们的星系
但是、这些行星是加何诞生的
But how were these stars born?
它们会加何消亡
How will they die?
And how can it be that allhuman beings on Earth
为什么地球上所有的人类
owe their lives tothe deaths of stars?
他们都对星星的消亡负有一定的贡献
问题的答案从这里开始
The quest for answersbegins here,
数百颗的星星加同荒漠里的沙尘一样
in a cloud of dust and gas
hovering in the interstellar desert.
你所看到的是宇宙创造的行星
You are looking at the Pillarsof Creation.
这是对宇宙维护的一种方法
The Pillars of Creation are astellar nursery.
星星在这个过程里诞生了阿历克斯?费利普科加州大学伯克利分校
New stars are in the processof being born in the central regions.
这就是它形成的原因
距离地球有几千光年
Located 7,000 light years from Earth,
这样的景象，不过是宇宙中的一部分
the pillars are partof the Eagle Nebula,
which is just one of billions of starforming regions in the Universe.
而宇宙中有数百万颗星星
The pillars are towering cloudsof dust and hydrogen gas.
行星周围有包围着很多氢气
加果你还记得尼尔?德格拉斯?泰森美国自然历史博物馆
If you remember the Periodic Tableof elements from chemistry class,
you have the lightelements up at the top,
hydrogen, helium,lithium, this sort of thing.
是构元素周期这些元素必须的
And then the really heavy onesas you get lower down.
It's hydrogen, the lightest, simplestmost abundant element in the Universe,
但是，这些成分必须下降到一定浓度
氢元素
that is the key component of stars.
宇宙中最轻，而且最充足的元素之一
它是行星构成中的重要成分
Within a nebula, clumps ofthis gas and dust
slowly coalesce into smaller cloudsover millions of years,
这些灰尘还有气体，慢慢的结合在一起
pulled together bya very familiar force.
经过数百万年的时间聚合在一起
The same force that
它们就是在外力的作用下才聚集在一起
connects us here to the Earth,that keeps us on the Earth,
克利弗?詹森l南加州大学
gravity, is the same force thatpulls things together
in a way that gives us...
这样才逐渐形成了宇宙中的星星、星系
planets and stars and galaxiesin the Universe.
Gravity, in many senses, is themost important force in astronomy.
引力在宇宙中是非常重要的力量
And when gravity actsin the Universe
大概吸引力是宇宙中星星形成的基本力加州波尔?比萨伯克利分校
one of the basic thingsthat it produces is stars.
Stars are sort of the mostbasic unit of mass
吸引力将各个星系相互连接起来
that is produced whengravity pulls mass together.
经过这样一个过程，可以创造出成千上万颗星星
Each contracting cloud
can produce anywherefrom a few dozen
to thousands of stars.
To form a star like our Sun,
为了形成像太阳一样的行星
which is a million miles across,
它和我们的距离有上百万英里远
it takes a clump of gas and dust
这占据我们星系相当大的比重
100 times the size of ourSolar System.
These clouds start off their livesbitterly cold,
这些星系开始了孕育它们的生命
但是零下上百度的气温，让它们非常寒冷
with temperatures hundredsof degrees below zero Fahrenheit.
但是引力对它们施加很大的外力
But as gravity fragmentsand compresses them,
the heat begins to soar.
热量逐渐增强
在几千年之内
Within a few hundredthousand years,
the cloud spins intoa flattened disc.
宇宙灰尘逐渐形成一个碟形物质
Gravity coalesces the centreof the disc into a sphere,
引力在中心部分形成一个半球
而这里的温度上升到几百万度以上
where the heat rises to ascorching 2 million degrees.
This glowing systemis now known as a "protostar".
这一系统现在被叫做行星的核心
Ten million years later,
一千万年以后
the searing hydrogen coreof the fledgling star
行星周围的氢物质使得它温度达到上百万度
soars past 18 million degrees,
and something incredible happens.
一件惊人的事情爆发了
核心变得非常炎热
The core becomes so hot,it can sustain thermonuclear fusion.
它爆发出来
Thermonuclear fusion...
里面包含巨大的核能
is a lot of syllables but it justmeans it's hot there
因为巨大的能量所以必须要爆♥炸♥
and small atoms become big atoms.
Hydrogen atoms are movingfast enough
氢移♥动♥的非迈克尔夏威
that they actually will fuse together
它们会撞击到一起
and will form a helium atom.
重新组成另外一种物质
It's this nuclear reactionthat produces the energy
在这个反应过程但中
产生了巨大的能量延续了它的生命
to power the starthroughout its life,
giving it a constant sourceof light and heat.
这也为它提供了连续不断的能量
能量是巨大的
It's self-luminous,it generates its own heat.
And that's the essence ofwhat makes a star a star.
让星星能发挥出光和热
If you've got fusion,you've got a star.
加果有了能量，就有了星星
Once born, a star's life willbe a constant battle,
一旦发生爆♥炸♥，星星的命运就会终结
这一切都是因为引力
an all-out war against gravity.
Gravity collects the star in the firstplace, and then it wants to crush it.
首先引力将行星凝聚在一起
接下来，引力想要让它灭亡
Gravity never gives up, gravity wantsto pull everything together.
而且它从来没有放弃过
So if the star is going to have a life,and a long life,
加果行星想要有个长一点的寿命的话
it has to find a wayto fight against gravity.
就必须和引力相互抗争
You feel gravity all the time.When you try to jump
人们无时无刻不感觉到它的存在
or you try to climb a rock,
无论是当你想跳起或者攀登的时候
there's always gravitypulling you back down.
引力总会将你吸引下来
And in order to fight againstgravity, you have to have some way
为了想办法抗争，必须花费一定的力气
of applying a force
which works in the oppositedirection than gravity.
和它相互抗争
So, if there's a rope, you can useyour muscles to pull on the rope,
加果是系了绳索的话就可以拉着绳子攀登
and therefore resist,and even overcome, gravity.
这样就可以和引力相对抗
但是这不是说它就放弃了
But that doesn't meangravity gives up.
重力常常都会获胜
Gravity is always working.
所以时刻需要注意，防止掉下去
So you have to keep applyingthis force in order to not fall off.
加果你放弃，或者撒手的话
And if you give up or let goor the rope breaks,
引力马上就会获胜
gravity immediately winsand you fall.
The same kind of thinghappens with stars.
这样的事情是经常发生的
Stars are also trying to hold themselvesup against gravitational collapse.
引力常常想将一切吸引过来
然后将它们挤碎
Gravity wants to crush the stardown to the middle.
吸引到行星的内部
对于行星来说，核能所提供的能量充当绳索
For stars, nuclear fusionprovides the rope,
in the form of pressure.
形成一股强大的力量
The heat gets all the particlesin the star moving around quickly,
它将周围所有的物质迅速的吸引到一起
and they bang outwards,
然后向外爆发
and that produces a pressure
这样就可以提供另外一种力量
which can actually hold the star upagainst gravity.
和行星内部的引力相抗争
这样两种力量相互对抗
The amount of pressure pushing outon the star just matches
共同作用在行星的外部
the amount of gravitypulling in on the star.
And it can sit there and burn happilyuntil something changes.
就这样它可以发光，发热，一直到发生重大改变
行星的大部分时间都消耗在这样的抗争里
A star will spend most of its lifein this state of equilibrium.
在科学上，被称作是最主要的顺序
It's a phase scientists callthe "main sequence".
So, our Sun is in the main sequence,we're very happy it's there,
太阳在这个系统很高兴在它的系
it provides us the same amountof energy almost every day,
它每天都给我们提供很多能量
这样生命就可以延续和诞生
and that's what makes life possible.
所有这一序列上的行星都很相似
All stars in the main sequencearen't alike.
Some are much smallerand cooler than the Sun.
有些更小一些，比太阳温度要低一些
另外一些却更大，更热
Others, much larger and hotter.
So, it turns out that howhot something is
所以，加果要分♥析♥哪一颗更加热的话
is related to the colour of the lightthat it emits.
就要分♥析♥一下光的颜色
So, a star like the Sun,
像太阳那样的行星
most of the light that comes out from itis sort of a yellow-type colour.